1265
|
Future English King Edward I escapes captivity and defeats Simon de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham in 1265. |
Europe
War and politics
*
January 20 - In
Westminster, the first
elected English parliament (
De Montfort's Parliament) conducts its first meeting in the
Palace of Westminster, now also known as the
Houses of Parliament.
* Before August - Future King
Edward I of England escapes captivity in the hands of
Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester.
*
August 4 - The
Battle of Evesham of the
Second Barons' War is fought in
Worcestershire, with the army of Edward defeating the forces of rebellious barons led by Simon de Montfort and killing de Montfort and many of his allies. This is sometimes considered the death of
chivalry in
England.
* King
Alfonso X of Castile captures the city of
Alicante,
Spain from the
Moors during the
Reconquista.
* The
Isle of Man comes under
Scottish rule.
Culture
* The
Book of Aneirin, a
Welsh manuscript of
poetry, is penned.
* The
brewing of
Budweiser Budvar beer begins in
Bohemia (now part of the
Czech Republic); Budweiser Budvar has been produced continuously there to this day.
* Correspondence from
Pope Clement IV contains the first known mention of the
ring of the Fisherman, an item of papal
regalia then used to seal personal correspondence from the pope and later for
papal bulls.
Africa and Asia
* The
Mamluk Bahri dynasty of
Egypt captures several cities and towns from
Crusader states in the
Middle East, including the cities of
Haifa,
Arsuf, and
Caesarea Palaestina; these events eventually precipitate the
Eighth Crusade in
1267.
*
Kublai Khan sends a delegation to
Japan, which loots islands along the way.
*Fire destroys parts of
Old Cairo.
*
May 10 -
Emperor Fushimi of
Japan (died
1317)
* c.
June 1 -
Dante (died
1321)
* King
Alfonso III of Aragon*
February 8 -
Hulagu Khan of the Mongol Empire (born
1217)
*
April 25 -
Roger de Quincy, 2nd Earl of Winchester, English politician (born
1195)
*
August 4 - Killed in the Battle Of Evesham:
**
Hugh le Despencer, 1st Baron le Despencer (b.
1223)
**
Henry de Montfort (born
1238)
**
Peter de Montfort**
Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester (born
1208)
*
December 3 -
Odofredus, Italian jurist
*
Al-Abhari, Persian philosopher and mathematician (born
1200)
*
John Maunsell,
Lord Chancellor of England
