1520
*
January 18 - King
Christian II of Denmark and
Norway defeats the
Swedes at Lake Asunde.
* June -
Moctezuma II,
Aztec ruler of
Tenochtitlan is declared deposed due to his captivity by
conquistador Hernán Cortés. His brother
Cuitláhuac rises to the throne.
*
June 7 -
Field of Cloth of Gold. Famous meeting between King
Henry VIII of England and King
Francis I of France.
*
July 1 - The forces of
Cuitláhuac,
Aztec ruler of
Tenochtitlan gain a major victory against the forces
conquistador Hernán Cortés. This
La Noche Triste (Night of Sorrow), results in the death of about 400 conquistadors and some 2,000 of their
Native American allies. However Cortés and the most skilled of his men manage to escape and later regroup.
*
September 22 -
Suleiman I succeeds his father
Selim I as
Sultan of the
Ottoman Empire.
* October -
Cuitláhuac,
Aztec ruler of
Tenochtitlan dies from
smallpox. He is succeeded by his nephew
Cuauhtémoc.
*
November 8 -
Stockholm Bloodbath begins: A successful invasion of
Sweden by
Danish forces under the command of
Christian II of Denmark results in the execution of around 100 persons (mostly nobility and clergy involved in the previous Swedish war effort).
*
November 28 - After navigating through the
South American
strait, three ships under the command of
Portuguese explorer
Ferdinand Magellan reach the
Pacific Ocean, becoming the first
Europeans to sail from the
Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific (the strait was later named the
Strait of Magellan).
*
December 10 -
Martin Luther burns a copy of
The Book of Cannon Law (see
Canon Law) and his copy of the Papal bull
Exsurge Domine.
*
March 3 -
Matthias Flacius, Croatian protestant reformer (d.
1575)
*
August 1 - King
Sigismund II Augustus of Poland (died
1572)
*
August 10 -
Madeleine de Valois, queen of
James V of Scotland (died
1537)
*
September 13 -
William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, English statesman (died
1598)
*
October 5 -
Alessandro Cardinal Farnese, Italian cardinal (d.
1589)
*
Choi Hyong Ung, Korean monk
*
Jean Ribault, French navigator (died
1565)
*
Vincenzo Galilei, Italian music theorist, lutenist, and composer (died
1591)
*
Aben Humeya, last independent king of Granada (died
1568)
*
Bess of Hardwick, jailor of
Mary I of Scotland (died
1608)
*
Denis Lambin, French classical scholar (died
1572)
*
Frans Floris, Flemish painter (died
1570)
*
Giovanni Battista Moroni, Italian mannerist painter (died
1578)
*
Hans Eworth, Flemish portrait painter (died
1574)
*
Ijuin Tadaaki, Japanese nobleman
*
Jacques Cujas, French legal expert (died
1590)
*
Johannes Acronius Frisius, German doctor and mathematician (died
1564)
*
Jorge de Montemayor, Spanish novelist and poet (died
1561)
*
Leonard Digges, mathematician and surveyor
*
Sigismund II of Poland (died
1572)
*
William Somerset, 3rd Earl of Worcester (died
1589)
*
February 5 -
Sten Sture the younger, Viceroy of Sweden (born
1493)
*
April 6 -
Raphael, Italian painter and architect (born
1483)
*
June 24 -
Hosokawa Sumimoto, Japanese samurai commander (born
1489)
*
September 22 -
Selim I,
Ottoman Sultan (born
1465)
*
Cacamatzin, king of Texcoco
*
Cuitláhuac, Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan
*
Filippo de Lurano, Italian composer (born
1475)
*
Jan Lubranski, Polish bishop (born
1456)
*
Moctezuma II, Aztec ruler
*
Raphael Urbinas, Italian artist
*
Sheikh Hamdullah, calligrapher (born
1436)
