1765
1765 was a
common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar).
* The first true
restaurant opens in
Paris, where a
tavern-keeper named
Boulanger sells cooked dishes at an all-night place on the Rue Bailleul
*
Nicholas Cugnot pioneers the
automobile with a three-wheel gun tractor
*
James Watt supersedes the
1705 Newcomen engine with a more effective
steam engine* In
Lisbon, the
auto-da-fe parade (often an excuse for violence against
Jews or
Christian 'heretics') is abolished
*
Josef II becomes
Holy Roman Emperor*
Horace Walpole publishes
The Castle of Otranto* The birth of
Mary Bryant, one of the first successful escapees from the fledging Australian penal colony.
January
February
March
*
March 9 - After a public campaign by the writer
Voltaire, judges in
Paris posthumously exonerate
Jean Calas of murdering his son. Calas had been tortured and executed in
1762 on the charge, though his son had actually committed suicide.
*
March 22 - The
British Parliament passes the
Stamp Act which is the first direct tax levied from
England on the American colonies.
*
March 24 -
Great Britain passes the
Quartering Act that requires the
13 American colonies to house British troops
April
May
*
May 18 - Fire destroys one quarter of town of
Montreal,
Quebec.
June
*
June 21 - The
Isle of Man is brought under British control.
July
August
September
October
November
*
November 1 - The
British Parliament enacts the
Stamp Act on the
13 colonies in order to help pay for
British military operations in
North America.
December
*
War of the Regulation (
1764-
1771)
*
January 11 -
Antoine Alexandre Barbier, French librarian (d.
1825)
*
February 1 -
Charles Hatchett, English chemist (d.
1847)
*
March 7 -
Nicéphore Niépce, French inventor (d.
1833)
*
March 27 -
Franz Xaver von Baader, German philosopher and theologian (d.
1841)
*
April 1 -
Luigi Schiavonetti, Italian engraver (d.
1810)
*
April 6 - Duke
Charles Felix of Savoy (d.
1831)
*
April 26 -
Emma, Lady Hamilton, English mistress of
Horatio Nelson (d.
1815)
*
June 15 -
Henry Thomas Colebrooke, English orientalist (d.
1831)
*
July 26 -
Jean-Baptiste Drouet, Count d'Erlon, French marshal (d.
1844)
*
August 21 - King
William IV of the United Kingdom (d.
1837)
*
September 18 -
Pope Gregory XVI (d.
1837)
*
October 8 -
Harman Blennerhassett, Irish-American lawyer (d.
1831)
*
October 17 -
Henri Jacques Guillaume Clarke, duc de Feltre, French marshal and politician (d.
1818)
*
October 24 -
James Mackintosh, Scottish publicist (d.
1832)
*
November 14 -
Robert Fulton, American inventor (d.
1815)
*
November 17 -
Étienne-Jacques-Joseph-Alexandre MacDonald, French marshal (d.
1840)
*
November 20 - Sir
Thomas Fremantle, British captain and politician (d. 1819)
*
December 8 -
Eli Whitney, American inventor (d.
1825)
*
James Smithson, English-born minerologist and chemist (b.
1829)
*
Peter Bagration, Russian general (d.
1812)
*
March 3 -
William Stukeley, English archaeologist (b.
1687)
*
April 5 -
Edward Young, English poet (b.
1683)
*
April 15 -
Mikhail Lomonosov, Russian author and scientist (b.
1711)
*
April 20 -
Abigail Williams, American accuser in the Salem witch trials (b.
1674)
*
May 17 -
Alexis Claude Clairault, French mathematician (b.
1713)
*
July 15 -
Charles-André van Loo, French painter (b.
1705)
*
August 18 -
Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor (b.
1708)
*
September 2 -
Henry Bouquet, Swiss-born British army officer (b.
1719)
*
October 10 -
Lionel Sackville, 1st Duke of Dorset, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (b.
1688)
*
October 21 -
Giovanni Paolo Pannini, Italian painter and architect (b.
1691)
*
October 31 -
Prince William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, English military leader (b.
1721)
*
November 30 -
George Glas, Scottish merchant and adventurer (b.
1725)
*
December 3 -
Lord John Philip Sackville, English cricketer (b.
1713)
*
December 25 -
Vaclav Prokop Divis, Czech scientist (b.
1698)
