1923
1923 (
MCMXXIII) was a
common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar).
January
*
January 1 -
Grouping of all
UK railway companies into four larger companies
*
January 10 -
Lithuania seizes and annexes
Memel*
January 11 - Troops from
France and
Belgium occupy the Ruhr area to force
Germany to pay its reparation payments
*
January 17 -
Juan de la Cierva invents the
autogyro, a
rotary-winged aircraft with an unpowered rotor.
February
*
February 29 -
Barcelona (
Catalonia):
Albert Einstein visits the city, invited by the scientist
Esteban Terradas i Illa, as part of the monografics course of High Studies and Exchange organized by the
Mancomunitat de Catalunya and conducted by
Rafael de Campalans.
March
* March -
Antigone by
Jean Cocteau appears on a Paris stage. Settings by
Pablo Picasso, music by
Arthur Honegger, and costumes by
Gabrielle Chanel.
Antonin Artaud played the part of
Tiresias.
*
March 1 -
USS Connecticut decommissioned
*
March 2 -
Time Magazine hits newsstands for the first time
*
March 9 -
Vladimir Lenin suffers a stroke, his third, which renders him bedridden and unable to speak; consequently he retires his position as Chairman of the
Soviet government.
*
March 28 -
Regia Aeronautica, air force of Fascist Italy, is founded.
April
* April - End of
Irish Civil War*
April 12 -
Kandersteg International Scout Centre came into existence.
*
April 23 - Ceremonial inauguration of
Gdynia Seaport
*
April 26 - Wedding of
Prince Albert and
Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon in
Westminster AbbeyMay
*
May 23 - Launch of
Belgium's
SABENA Airlines
*
May 27 -
Ku Klux Klan defies law requiring publication of its members
June
*
June 9 -
Military coup in
Bulgaria - prime minister
Aleksandar Stamboliyski is ousted (he is killed
June 14)
*
June 18 -
Etna volcano erupts - 60.000 made homeless
July
*
July 10 - Large
hailstones kill 23 in
Rostow,
Soviet Union*
July 19-
20 night - Assassination of
Pancho Villa*
July 24 - The
Treaty of Lausanne, settling the boundaries of modern
Turkey, is signed in
Switzerland by
Greece,
Bulgaria and other countries that fought in the
First World WarAugust
*
August 2 -
Warren G. Harding, 29th
President of the United States, (1921 - 1923) dies in office and is succeeded by
Calvin Coolidge (1923-1929).
*
August 13 - First major sea-going ship arrives at
Gdynia, newly constructed
Polish seaport
*
August 13 -
Gustav Stresemann is named
chancellor and founds a
coalition government in
Weimar Republic GermanySeptember
*
September 1 -
Great Kantō earthquake devastates
Tokyo and
Yokohama, killing an estimated 142,807 people
*
September 4 - In
Lakehurst, New Jersey, the first American
airship, the
USS Shenandoah, takes to the sky for the first time
*
September 6 - Italian navy occupies
Corfu in retaliation of murder of an Italian officer.
League of Nations protests and they leave
September 29*
September 8 -
Honda Point Disaster: Seven
US Navy destroyers ran aground off the
California coast.
*
September 9 -
Atatürk founded the
CHP.
*
September 13 - Military coup in
Spain -
Miguel Primo de Rivera takes over, setting up a
dictatorship.
*
September 18-
26 - Newspaper printers strike in New York
*
September 26 - In
Bayern,
Gustav Ritter von Kahr declares independence from
BerlinOctober
*
October 13 -
Ankara replaces
Constantinople as the capital of
Turkey.
*
October 16 -
The Walt Disney Company is founded by
Walt Disney and his brother,
Roy.
*
October 26 - in
Persia,
Reza Khan became
Ahmad Shah Qajar's prime minister.
*
October 29 -
Turkey becomes a
republic following the dissolution of the
Ottoman EmpireNovember
*
November 8 -
Beer Hall Putsch: In
Munich,
Adolf Hitler leads the
Nazis in an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the German government. Police and troops crush the attempt the next day
*
November 12- Her Highness
Princess Maud of Fife marries Captain Charles Alexander Carnegie in Wellington Barracks,
London.
*
November 15 - The
inflation in Germany reaches its height. One
dollar is worth 4,200,000,000,000,000
Papiermarks (4.2 quadrillion).
Gustav Stresemann abolishes the old
currency*
November 23 - Gustav Stresemann's coalition government collapses
December
*
December 12 -
Po river dam bursts - 600 dead
*
December 27 - Assassination attempt against the crown prince of Japan in Tokyo
Unknown dates
*
Finnish flag carrier
Finnair airline is started in Aero Oy.
*
Interpol is set up.
* International Police Conference in Vienna
*
Hoda Cha'arawi Association (formerly The Egyptian Feminist Union) is established in
Egypt.
*
Trade unions banned in Spain for 10 years.
* Police strike in
Australia*
American Law Institute established
*
Moderation League of New York became part of movement for
repeal of prohibition in United States.
*
Elon College's campus is destroyed by a fire
January
*
January 1 -
Vulo Radev,
Bulgarian film director (d.
2001)
*
January 1 -
Roméo Sabourin, Canadian World War II spy (d.
1944)
*
January 5 -
Sam Phillips, American record producer (d.
2003)
*
January 6 -
Jacobo Timerman, Argentine writer (d.
1999)
*
January 7 -
Hugh Kenner, Canadian literary critic (d.
2003)
*
January 8 -
Johnny Wardle, English cricketer (d.
1985)
*
January 16 -
Anthony Hecht, American poet (d.
2004)
*
January 19 -
Jean Stapleton, American actress
*
January 23 -
Stephanie Kwolek, Inventor of Kevlar fibers
*
January 25 -
Arvid Carlsson, Swedish scientist, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine*
January 26 -
Anne Jeffreys, American actress
*
January 29 -
Paddy Chayefsky, American writer (d.
1981)
*
January 31 -
Norman Mailer, American writer and journalist
February
*
February 2 -
James Dickey, American poet and author (d.
1997)
*
February 2 -
Liz Smith, American gossip columnist
*
February 9 -
Brendan Behan, Irish author (d.
1964)
*
February 10 -
Cesare Siepi, Italian opera singer
*
February 12 -
Franco Zeffirelli, Italian film and opera director
*
February 13 -
Yfrah Neaman, Lebanese-born violinist (d.
2003)
*
February 13 -
Chuck Yeager, American pilot and NASA official
*
February 20 -
Forbes Burnham,
President of Guyana (d.
1985)
*
February 24 -
David Soyer, American cellist
*
February 27 -
Dexter Gordon, American jazz saxophone player (d.
1990)
March
*
March 4 - Sir
Patrick Moore, British astronomer and broadcaster
*
March 6 -
Ed McMahon, American television personality
*
March 9 -
Walter Kohn, Austrian-born physicist, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Chemistry*
March 10 -
Val Logsdon Fitch, American nuclear physicist,
Nobel Prize laureate
*
March 12 -
Wally Schirra, astronaut
*
March 21 - Shri Mataji
Nirmala Srivastava, Indian founder of Sahaja Yoga
*
March 25 -
Wim van Est, Dutch cyclist (d.
2003)
*
March 26 -
Bob Elliott, American comedian
*
March 27 -
Louis Simpson, Jamaican-born poet
*
March 30 -
Milton Acorn, Canadian writer (d.
1986)
April
*
April 2 -
G. Spencer-Brown, British mathematician
*
April 6 -
Ramon Valdes, Mexican comedian (d.
1988)
*
April 8 -
George Fisher, American political cartoonist (d.
2003)
*
April 8 -
Edward Mulhare, Irish actor (d.
1997)
*
April 13 -
Don Adams, American actor and comedian (d.
2005)
*
April 20 -
Mother Angelica, American founder of the Eternal Word Television Network (EWTN)
*
April 22 -
Bettie Page, American model
*
April 22 -
Aaron Spelling, American television producer and writer
*
April 23 -
Dolph Briscoe, Governor of Texas
*
April 25 -
Albert King, American musician (d.
1992)
*
April 30 -
Al Lewis, American actor (d.
2006)
May
*
May 1 -
Joseph Heller, American novelist (d.
1999)
*
May 2 -
Patrick Hillery,
President of Ireland*
May 3 -
Ralph Hall, American politician
*
May 5 -
Richard Wollheim, British philosopher (d.
2003)
*
May 7 -
Anne Baxter, American actress (d.
1985)
*
May 13 -
Bea Arthur, American actress
*
May 15 -
John Lanchbery, English composer (d.
2003)
*
May 16 -
Merton Miller, American economist,
Nobel Prize laureate
*
May 18 -
Hugh Shearer,
Prime Minister of Jamaica (d.
2004)
*
May 21 -
Armand Borel, Swiss mathematician (d.
2003)
*
May 21 -
Dorothy Hewett, writer (d.
2002)
*
May 21 -
Ara Parseghian, American football coach
*
May 26 -
James Arness, American actor
*
May 27 -
Henry Kissinger,
United States Secretary of State, recipient of the
Nobel Peace Prize*
May 28 -
György Ligeti, Hungarian composer (d.
2006)
*
May 31 -
Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (d.
2005)
June
*
June 10 -
Robert Maxwell, Slovakian-born media entrepreneur (d.
1991)
*
June 15 -
Johnny Most, American basketball radio announcer (d.
1993)
*
June 24 -
Jack Carter, American comedian
*
June 27 -
Gus Zernial, American baseball player
July
*
July 2 -
Wislawa Szymborska, Polish writer,
Nobel Prize laureate
*
July 4 -
Rudolf Friedrich, Swiss Federal Councilor
*
July 8 -
Harrison Dillard, American athlete
*
July 18 -
Jerome H. Lemelson, American inventor (d.
1997)
*
July 20 -
Stanisław Albinowski, Polish economist and journalist (d.
2005)
*
July 21 -
Rudolph A. Marcus, Canadian chemist,
Nobel Prize laureate
*
July 22 -
Robert Joseph Dole, American politician and Presidential candidate
*
July 22 -
Mukesh, Indian singer (d.
1976)
*
July 23 -
Witto Aloma, Cuban
Major League Baseball player (d.
1997)
*
July 23 -
Norma Zimmer, American singer
August
*
August 5 -
Devan Nair, third
President of Singapore (d.
2005)
*
August 16 -
Millôr Fernandes, Brazilian cartoonist and playwright
*
August 20 -
Jim Reeves, American singer (d.
1964)
*
August 21 -
Shimon Peres,
Prime Minister of Israel, recipient of the
Nobel Peace Prize*
August 24 -
Arthur Jensen, American educational psychologist
*
August 26 -
Wolfgang Sawallisch, German conductor and pianist
September
*
September 1 -
Rocky Marciano, American boxer (d.
1969)
*
September 1 -
Kenneth Roy Thomson, 2nd Baron Thomson of Fleet, Canadian businessman and art collector (d.
2006)
*
September 3 -
Mort Walker, American cartoonist
*
September 6 - King
Peter II of Yugoslavia (d.
1970)
*
September 7 -
Madeleine Dring, British composer and actress
*
September 9 -
Daniel Carleton Gajdusek, American virologist, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine*
September 11 -
Dharmsamrat Paramhans Swami Madhavananda, Indian guru (d.
2003)
*
September 17 -
Hank Williams, American country musician (d.
1953)
*
September 20 -
Geraldine Clinton Little, Irish-born poet (d.
1997)
*
September 22 -
Dannie Abse, Welsh poet
*
September 26 -
Dev Anand, Indian actor
October
*
October 3 -
Edward Oliver LeBlanc, Dominican politician (d.
2004)
*
October 5 -
Albert Guðmundsson, Icelandic professional football player and politician (d.
1994)
*
October 5 -
Glynis Johns, British actress
*
October 13 -
Faas Wilkes, Dutch football (soccer) player
*
October 15 -
Italo Calvino, Italian writer (d.
1985)
*
October 23 -
Frank Sutton, American actor (d.
1974)
*
October 23 -
Sir Robin Day, British political broadcaster (d.
2000)
November
*
November 1 -
Victoria de los Angeles, Catalan soprano (d.
2005)
*
November 1 -
Gordon R. Dickson, Canadian author (d.
2001)
*
November 3 -
Tomás Cardinal " Fiaich, Northern Irish clergyman (d.
1990)
*
November 8 -
Jack Kilby, American electrical engineer, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Physics (d.
2005)
*
November 18 -
Alan Shepard, American astronaut (d.
1998)
*
November 20 -
Nadine Gordimer, South African writer,
Nobel Prize laureate
*
November 22 -
Arthur Hiller, Canadian film director
*
November 23 -
Billy Haughton, American harness driver and trainer (d.
1986)
*
November 25 -
Mauno Koivisto,
President of FinlandDecember
*
December 2 -
Maria Callas, Greek soprano (d.
1977)
*
December 12 -
Bob Barker, American game show host
*
December 13 -
Philip Warren Anderson, American physicist,
Nobel Prize laureate
*
December 13 -
Larry Doby, baseball player (d.
2003)
*
December 13 -
Antoni Tàpies, Catalan painter
*
December 14 -
Gerard Reve, Dutch writer (d.
2006)
*
December 14 -
Sully Boyar, American actor (d.
2001)
*
December 15 -
Freeman Dyson, English-born physicist
*
December 17 -
Jaroslav Pelikan, American historian
*
December 23 -
Claudio Scimone, Italian conductor
*
December 23 -
James Stockdale, U.S. Navy admiral
*
December 24 -
George Patton IV, American general (d.
2004)
*
December 25 -
Sonia Olschanezky, World War II heroine (d.
1944)
Unknown date
*
Geoffrey Hattersley-Smith,
English/
Canadian geologist and
glaciologist*
Michel-Joseph Maunoury, French general (b.
1847)
*
Carl L. Boeckmann Norwegian-American artist
*
January 9 -
Katherine Mansfield, British novelist (b.
1888)
*
January 23 -
Max Nordau, Hungarian author, philosopher, and Zionist leader (b.
1849)
*
February 10 -
Wilhelm Röntgen, German physicist,
Nobel Prize laureate (b.
1845)
*
February 23 -
Théophile Delcassé, French statesman (b.
1852)
*
March 8 -
Johannes Diderik van der Waals, Dutch physicist,
Nobel Prize laureate (b.
1837)
*
March 26 -
Sarah Bernhardt, French actress (b.
1844)
*
March 27 - Sir
James Dewar, Scottish chemist (b.
1842)
*
April 4 -
John Venn, British mathematician (b.
1834)
*
April 5 -
George Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon, English financier of Egyptian excavations (b.
1866)
*
June 9 -
Princess Helena of the United Kingdom (b.
1846)
*
July 23 -
Pancho Villa, Mexican revolutionary (b.
1878)
*
August 2 -
Warren G. Harding, 29th
President of the United States (b.
1865)
*
August 24 -
Kato Tomosaburo, 21st
Prime Minister of Japan (b.
1861)
*
October 30 -
Andrew Bonar Law,
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b.
1858)
*
December 12 -
Raymond Radiguet, French author (b.
1903)
*
December 13 -
Théophile Steinlen, Swiss painter (b.
1859)
*
Physics -
Robert Andrews Millikan*
Chemistry -
Fritz Pregl*
Physiology or Medicine -
Frederick Grant Banting,
John James Richard Macleod*
Literature -
William Butler Yeats*
Peace - Not awarded
