9th century
]]
*An unknown event causes the
decline of the
Maya Classical Era*
Beowulf might have been written down in this century, though it could also have been in the
8th century* Reign of
Charlemagne, and concurrent (and controversially labeled)
Carolingian Renaissance in western Europe
* Large-scale
Viking attacks on Europe begin, devastating countless numbers of people
*
Oseberg ship burial* The
Magyars arrive in what is now
Hungary, forcing the
Serbs and
Bulgars south of the
Danube.
* The
Tukolor settle in the
Senegal river valley.
*
Muslim traders settle in the north-west and south-east of
Madagascar.
* around 813-around 915 - period of serious Arab naval raids on shores of Tyrrhenian and Adriatic seas
* 800 - Arab fleet sails up the
Tiber.
* 848-852 - The west bank of the
Tiber is annexed into the city of
Rome as a
defensive wall, commissioned by
Pope Leo IV, is built around what came to be called the
Leonine City* 870 -
Prague Castle founded
* 800-909 - rule of
Aghlabids as independent dynasty in North Africa
* 850-875 - The first
Norse settlers arrive on
Iceland.
* 863-879 - period of schism between eastern and western churches
* Late 9th century:
Bulgaria stretches from the mouth of the
Danube to
Epirus and
Bosnia.
* In
Italy, some cities became free republics: for instance
Forlì, in the
889.
* The Christian
Nubian kingdom reaches its peak of prosperity and military power. (
Early history of Sudan)
*
Harald Fairhair was victorious at the
battle of Hafrsfjord, and
Norway was unified into one kingdom.
*
Chess reaches
Japan*
867-onward Revival of the
Byzantine Empire under the
Macedonian dynasty.
*
Alfred the Great*
Arnulf of Carinthia *
Charlemagne*
Wang Kon*
Saint Cyril and
Saint Methodius*
Kenneth I of Scotland*
Louis the Pious*
Adi Sankara*
Harald I of Norway*
Boris I of Bulgaria*
Basil I the Macedonian (Î'ασίλειος Α') (
811 -
886), ruled (
867) - (
886)
*
Vulgar Latin begins to devolve into various
Romance languages* First image of a rotary grindstone in a European source - illustration shows crank, first known use of a crank in the West (
Utrecht Psalter, A.D. 843)
* Invention of
gunpowder by Chinese
Taoist Alchemists
