Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938
The
Agricultural Adjustment Administration Act of 1938 was the result of the
unconstitutionality of previous
New Deal farm legislation and the success of the
Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act passed in
1936. During the first session of the Seventy-fifth
Congress an extension of the soil conservation plan was given consideration. Through the summer of
1937 hearings of farm leaders were conducted in various states; but the second session adjourned while the farm bill was still in the hands of a conference committee. In his message of
January 3,
1938, President
Franklin D. Roosevelt emphasized the work of the conference committee and hoped that a "sound, consistent measure" would be adopted. After some debate in Congress the President, on
February 16, signed the measure providing "for the conservation of national soil resources." The Soil Conservation Act was to be continued as a permanent farm policy; and to promote the program, national acreage allotments were to be fixed at a point "to give production sufficient for domestic consumption, for exports, and for reserve supplies." To give farmers an incentive to operate within the allotments, payments were to be made by the Government. In order that "an adequate and balanced flow of agricultural commodities" might be maintained, the statute incorporated a method for storing produce in years of shortage. "Four research laboratories are to be established at
Peoria, Illinois, in the
New Orleans area, in the
Philadelphia area, and in the
San Francisco area, to study farm needs. And if two thirds of the farmers participating in the program agreed, marketing quotas in tobacco, corn, wheat, cotton, and rice might be fixed by the
Secretary of Agriculture. [ Laws of Congress, 75th Cong., 3rd Sess., Chap. 30;
Congressional Record, 75th Cong., 3rd Sess., Appendix, p. 810.]
*Dictionary of American History edited by
James Truslow Adams, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1940
