Astrology

Astrology refers to any of several systems, traditions or beliefs in which knowledge of the relative positions of celestial bodies and related information is held to be useful in understanding, interpreting and organizing knowledge about personality, human affairs and terrestrial events. A practitioner of astrology is called an astrologer or, less often, an astrologist. Historically the term mathematicus was used to denote a person proficient in astrology, astronomy, and mathematics.

The word "astrology" is derived from the Greek αστρολογία, from άστρον, astron, ("star") and λόγος (logos), which has a variety of meanings generally related to "systematic thought or speech." The -λογία suffix is written in English as -logy, "study or discipline".

Although the two fields share a common origin, modern astronomy as practiced today is not to be confused with astrology. While astronomy is the scientific study of astronomical objects and phenomena, astrology is the study of the correlation of those objects with earthly and human affairs. Astrology is variously considered by its proponents to be a symbolic language, a form of art, science or divination. The scientific community considers astrology to be a pseudoscience.

Colorized version of the Flammarion woodcut. The original was published in Paris in 1888.

Description

Astrological glyphs representing the Sun, Moon, and planets (including Earth).

The core beliefs of astrology were prevalent in most of the ancient world and are epitomized in the Hermetic maxim As Above, So Below. Tycho Brahe also used a similar phrase to justify his studies in astrology: Suspiciendo despicio — "By looking up I see downward." Although the principle that events in the heavens are mirrored by those on Earth was one generally held in most traditions of astrology across the world, historically in the West there has been a debate among astrologers over the nature of the mechanism behind astrology and whether or not celestial bodies are only signs or portents of events, or if they are actual causes of events through some sort of "force" or mechanism. While the connection between celestial mechanics and terrestrial dynamics was explored first by Isaac Newton with his development of a universal theory of gravitation, claims that the gravitational effects of the planets and the stars are what accounts for astrological generalizations are not substantiated by the scientific community nor are they advocated by most astrologers.

Many of those who practice astrology believe the positions of certain celestial bodies either influence or correlate with people's personality traits, important events in their lives, physical characteristics, and to some extent their destiny - a claim that is often disputed by skeptics. Most modern astrologers believe that the cosmos (and especially the solar system) acts as a single unit, so that any happening in any part of it inevitably is reflected in every other part (thus "as above, so below" is still held to be true).

Most astrological traditions are based on the relative positions and movements of various real or construed celestial bodies and on the construction of celestial patterns as seen at the time and place of the event being studied. These are chiefly the Sun, Moon, the planets, the stars and the lunar nodes. The calculations performed in casting a horoscope involve arithmetic and simple geometry, which serve to locate the apparent position of heavenly bodies on desired dates and times based on astronomical tables. The frame of reference for such apparent positions is defined by the tropical or sidereal zodiacal signs on one hand, and by the local horizon (Ascendant) and midheaven (Medium Coeli) on the other. This latter (local) frame is typically further divided into the twelve astrological houses.

In past centuries, astrologers often relied on close observation of celestial objects and the charting of their movements. Today astrologers use data drawn up by astronomers, which are transformed to a set of astrological tables called ephemerides, showing the changing zodiacal positions of the heavenly bodies through time.

Traditions

There are many different traditions of astrology, some of which share similar features due to the transmission of astrological doctrines from one culture to another. Other traditions developed in isolation and hold completely different doctrines, although they too share some similar features due to the fact that they are drawing on similar astronomical sources, i.e. planets, stars, etc.

Zodiac signs, 16th century European woodcut

Significant traditions of astrology include but are not limited to:
*Babylonian astrology
*Horoscopic astrology and its specific subsets
**Hellenistic astrology
**Jyotish or Vedic astrology
**Medieval & Renaissance horoscopic astrology
**Modern Western astrology with its specific subsets
***Modern tropical and sidereal horoscopic astrology
***Hamburg School of Astrology
****Uranian astrology, subset of the Hamburg School
***Cosmobiology
***Psychological astrology or astropsychology
*Chinese astrology
*Persian-Arabic astrology
*Kabbalistic astrology
*Mesoamerican astrology
*Tibetan astrology
*Celtic astrology

Horoscopic astrology

Horoscopic astrology is a very specific and complex system of astrology that was developed in the Mediterranean region and specifically Hellenistic Egypt sometime around the late 2nd or early 1st century BCE. David Pingree - From Astral Omens to Astrology from Babylon to Bikaner, Roma: Istituto Italiano per L'Africa e L'Oriente, 1997. Pg. 26. This tradition deals largely with astrological charts cast for specific moments in time in order to interpret the inherent meaning underlying the alignment of the planets at that moment based on specific sets of rules and guidelines. One of the defining characteristics of this form of astrology that makes it distinct from other traditions is the computation of the degree of the Eastern horizon rising against the backdrop of the ecliptic at the specific moment under examination, otherwise known as the ascendant. Horoscopic astrology has been the most influential and widespread form of astrology across the world, especially in Africa, India, Europe and the Middle East, and there are several major traditions of horoscopic astrology including Indian, Hellenistic, Medieval, and most other modern Western traditions of astrology.

The horoscope

A computer generated Western natal chart or horoscope chart, a specific type of horoscope created for the moment of a person's birth.

Central to horoscopic astrology and its branches is the calculation of a horoscope or what has recently become known as an astrological chart. This is a diagrammatic representation in two dimensions of the celestial bodies' apparent positions in the heavens from the vantage of a location on Earth at a given time and place. The horoscope of an individual's birth is called a natal chart - horoscope chart. In ancient Hellenistic astrology the rising sign or ascendant demarcated the first celestial house of a horoscope, and the word for the ascendant in Greek was horoskopos. This is the word that the term "horoscope" derives from and in modern times it has come to be used as a general term for an astrological chart as a whole. Other commonly used names for the horoscope/natal chart in English include natus, birth-chart, astrological chart, astro-chart, celestial map, sky-map, star-chart, nativity, cosmogram, vitasphere, soulprint, radical chart, radix, or simply chart, among others.

The tropical and sidereal zodiacs

The path of the sun across the heavens as seen from Earth during a full year is called the ecliptic. This, and the nearby band of sky followed by the visible planets, is called the zodiac.

The majority of Western astrologers base their work on the tropical zodiac, which evenly divides the ecliptic into 12 segments of 30 degrees each with the start of the Zodiac (Aries 0°) being the Sun's position at the March equinox. The zodiacal signs in this system bear no relation to the constellations of the same name but stay aligned to the months and seasons. The tropical zodiac is used as a historical coordinate system in astronomy.

All Jyotish (Hindu) and a few Western astrologers use the sidereal zodiac, which uses the same evenly divided ecliptic but which approximately stays aligned to the positions of the observable constellations with the same name as the zodiacal signs. The sidereal zodiac is computed from the tropical zodiac by adding an offset called Ayanamsa. This offset changes with the precession of the equinoxes.

18th century Icelandic manuscript showing astrological houses and planetary glyphs.

Branches of horoscopic astrology

Every tradition of horoscopic astrology can be divided into four specific branches which are directed towards specific subjects or used for specific purposes. Often this involves using a unique set of techniques or a different application of the core principles of the system to a different area. Many other subsets and applications of astrology are derived from the four fundamental branches.

There are four major branches of horoscopic astrology.
*Natal astrology, the study of a person's natal chart in order to gain information about the individual and his/her life experience.
*Katarchic astrology, which includes both electional and event astrology. The former uses astrology to determine the most auspicious moment to begin an enterprise or undertaking, and the latter to understand everything about an event from the time at which it took place.
*Horary astrology, a system of astrology used to answer a specific question by studying the chart of the moment the question is posed to an astrologer.
*Mundane or world astrology, is the application of astrology to world events, including weather, earthquakes and the rise and fall of empires or religions.

History of astrology

The anatomical-astrological human of antiquity showing believed correlations between areas of the body and astrological entities

Origins

The origins of much of astrology that would later develop in Asia, Europe and the Middle East are found among the ancient Babylonians and their system of celestial omens that began to be compiled around the middle of the 2nd millennium BCE. This system of celestial omens later spread either directly or indirectly through the Babylonians to other areas such as India, China and Greece where it merged with pre-existing indigenous forms of astrology. This Babylonian astrology came to Greece initially as early as the middle of the 4th century BCE, and then around the late 2nd or early 1st century BCE after the Alexandrian conquests, this Babylonian astrology was mixed with the Egyptian tradition of Decanic astrology to create Horoscopic astrology. This new form of astrology, which appears to have originated in Alexandrian Egypt, quickly spread across the ancient world into Europe, the Middle East and India.

Before the scientific revolution

From the classical period through the scientific revolution, astrological training played a critical role in advancing astronomical, mathematical, medical and psychological knowledge. Insofar as the interpretation of supposed astrological influences included the observation and long-term tracking of celestial objects, it was often astrologers who provided the first systematic documentation of the movements of the Sun, the Moon, the planets and the stars. The differentiation between astronomy and astrology varied from place to place; they were indistinguishable in ancient Babylonia and for most of the Middle Ages, but separated to a greater degree in ancient Greece (see Astrology and astronomy for more information). Astrology was not always uncritically accepted even before the modern era, as it was often being challenged by Hellenistic skeptics, church authorities and medieval thinkers.

The pattern of astronomical knowledge gained from astrological endeavours has been historically repeated across numerous cultures, from ancient India through the classical Maya civilization to medieval Europe. Given this historical contribution, astrology has been called a protoscience along with pseudosciences such as alchemy. (see Western astrology and alchemy section below for more information).

Many prominent scientists, such as Nicholas Copernicus, Tycho Brahe, Galileo Galilei, Johannes Kepler, Carl Gustav Jung and others, practiced or significantly contributed to astrology.

Effects on world culture

Zodiac in a 6th century synagogue at Beit Alpha, Israel.

Astrology has had a profound influence over the past few thousand years on Western and Eastern cultures. In the middle ages, when even the learned of the time believed in astrology, the system of heavenly spheres and bodies was believed to reflect on the system of knowledge and the world itself below.

Language

Influenza, from Medieval Latin influentia meaning influence, was so named because doctors once believed epidemics to be caused by unfavorable planetary and stellar influences. The word "disaster" comes from the Latin "dis-aster" meaning "bad star". Also, the adjectives "lunatic" (Moon), "mercurial" (Mercury), "martial" (Mars), "jovial" (Jupiter/Jove), and "saturnine" (Saturn) are all old words used to describe personal qualities said to resemble or be highly influenced by the astrological characteristics of the planet, some of which are derived from the attributes of the ancient Roman gods they are named after.More information about planetary linguistics can be found on this page.

Astrology as a descriptive language for the mind

Different astrological traditions are dependent on a particular culture's prevailing mythology. These varied mythologies naturally reflect the culture(s) they emerge from. Images from these mythological systems are usually understandable to natives of the culture they are a part of. Most classicists think that Western astrology is dependent on Greek mythology.

Many writers, notably Geoffrey Chaucer and William Shakespeare, used astrological symbolism to add subtlety and nuance to the description of their characters' motivation(s). An understanding of astrological symbolism is needed to fully appreciate such literature. Some modern thinkers, notably Carl Jung,Carl G. Jung, "Archetypes of the Collective Unconscious," excerpted in The Basic Writings of C.G. Jung (Modern Library, repr. 1993), 362-363. believe in its descriptive powers regarding the mind without necessarily subscribing to its predictive claims. For others the predictive element was important and necessary; for example, Benjamin Franklin practiced and published on astrology (see Poor Richard's Almanac). Consequently, some look at astrology as a way of learning about one self and one's motivations. Increasingly, psychologists and historians Richard Tarnas, Cosmos and Psyche: Intimations of a New World View Viking (New York, 2006.) ISBN 0670032921. have become interested in Jung's theory of the fundamentality and indissolubility of archetypes in the human mind and their correlation with the symbols of the horoscope.

Western astrology and alchemy

Extract and symbol key from 17th century alchemy text.

Alchemy in the Western World and other locations where it was widely practiced was (and in many cases still is) closely allied and intertwined with traditional Babylonian-Greek style astrology; in numerous ways they were built to complement each other in the search for hidden knowledge. Astrology has used the concept of classical elements from antiquity up until the present. Most modern astrologers use the four classical elements extensively, and indeed it is still viewed as a critical part of interpreting the astrological chart. Traditionally, each of the seven planets in the solar system as known to the ancients was associated with, held dominion over, and ruled a certain metal. See also: Astrology and the classical elements

The seven liberal arts and Western astrology

In medieval Europe, a university education was divided into seven distinct areas, each represented by a particular planet and known as the Seven Liberal Arts.

Dante Alighieri speculated that these arts, which grew into the sciences we know today, fitted the same structure as the planets. As the arts were seen as operating in ascending order, so were the planets and so, in decreasing order of planetary speed, Grammar was assigned to the quickest moving celestial body (the Moon), Dialectic to Mercury, Rhetoric to Venus, Music to the Sun, Arithmetic to Mars, Geometry to Jupiter and Astronomia to the slowest moving Saturn.Astrology article at TheComDaily.com http://www.thecomdaily.com/Ann---Az/Astrology.php After this sequence, wisdom was supposed to have been achieved by the medieval university student.

Astrology and science

The Ptolemaic system depicted by Andreas Cellarius, 1660/61

The modern era

By the time of Francis Bacon and the scientific revolution, newly emerging scientific disciplines acquired a more critical and reductionist methodology, and adopted a more objective and materialistic interpretation of empirical observations. At this point, astrology and astronomy began to diverge; astronomy became one of the central sciences while astrology was increasingly viewed as an occult science or superstition by natural scientists. This separation accelerated through the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.Jim Tester, A History of Western Astrology (Ballantine Books, 1989), 240ff.

Within the contemporary scientific community, astrology is generally viewed as a pseudoscience, and it has been criticized as being unscientific both by scientific bodies and by individual scientists. In 1975, the American Humanist Association published one of the most widely known modern criticisms of astrology which was endorsed by 186 scientists, characterizing those who continue to have faith in the subject as doing so "in spite of the fact that there is no verified scientific basis for their beliefs, and indeed that there is strong evidence to the contrary". Astronomer Carl Sagan did not sign the statement, noting that, while he felt astrology lacked validity, he found the statement's tone authoritarian. He suggested that the lack of a causal mechanism for astrology (see below) was relevant but not in itself convincing.Sagan, Carl. "Letter." The Humanist 36 (1976): 2

Although astrology has had no accepted scientific standing for three centuries, it has been the subject of much research among astrologers since the beginning of the twentieth century. In his landmark study of twentieth-century research into natal astrology, vocal astrology critic Geoffrey Dean noted and documented the burgeoning research activity, primarily within the astrological community.G. Dean et al, Recent Advances in Natal Astrology: A Critical Review 1900-1976. The Astrological Association (England 1977)

Claims about obstacles to research

Astrologers have argued that there are significant obstacles to carrying out scientific research into astrology today, including fundingH.J. Eysenck & D.K.B. Nias, Astrology: Science or Superstition? Penguin Books (1982) ISBN 0140223975G. Phillipson, Astrology in the Year Zero. Flare Publications (London, 2000) ISBN 0953026191, lack of background in science and statistics by astrologers, and insufficient expertise in astrology by research scientists to test astrological claims. There are only a handful of journals dealing with scientific research into astrology (i.e. astrological journals directed towards scientific research or scientific journals publishing astrological research). Some astrologers have argued that few practitioners today pursue scientific testing of astrology because they feel that working with clients on a daily basis provides a personal validation for them.

Some astrologers argue that most studies of astrology do not reflect the nature of astrological practice and that existing experimental methods and research tools are not adequate for studying this complex discipline.M. Urban-Lurain, Introduction to Multivariate Analysis, Astrological Research Methods, Volume 1: An ISAR Anthology. International Society for Astrological Research (Los Angeles 1995) ISBN 0964636603G. Perry, How do we Know What we Think we Know? From Paradigm to Method in Astrological Research, Astrological Research Methods, Volume 1: An ISAR Anthology. International Society for Astrological Research (Los Angeles 1995) ISBN 0964636603 Some astrology proponents claim that the prevailing attitudes and motives of many opponents of astrology introduce conscious or unconscious bias in the formulation of hypotheses to be tested, the conduct of the tests, and the reporting of results.

Early 'science,' particularly geometry and astronomy/astrology, was connected to the divine for most medieval scholars. The compass in this 13th Century manuscript is a symbol of God's act of Creation, as many believed that there was something intrinsically "divine" or "perfect" that could be found in circles

Mechanism

Critics object to the lack of an accepted astrological mechanism that would account for the supposed effects of celestial bodies on terrestrial affairs. Some astrologers have argued that few modern astrologers believe that the planets literally cause things to happen on Earth through a direct causal relationship between heavenly bodies and earthly events, though physical mechanisms are still a small minority among the proposed theories of astrology.Dr. P. Seymour, Astrology: The evidence of Science. Penguin Group (London, 1988) ISBN 0140192263 Some have posited acausal, purely correlative, relationships between astrological observations and events, such as the theory of synchronicity Maggie Hyde, Jung and Astrology. The Aquarian Press (London, 1992) p. 24-26. proposed by Jung. Astrophysicist Victor Mansfield asserts that theories of physical mechanism are too undeveloped to fight over and that these are straw-man arguments that do not illuminate the possibility of more sophisticated ideas; he suggests that astrology draw inspiration from quantum physics, which is highly accurate and vastly applicable. Others have posited a basis in divination.Geoffrey Cornelius, The Moment of Astrology. The Wessex Astrologer (Bournemouth, 2003.) Still others have argued that empirical correlations can stand on their own epistemologically, and do not need the support of any theory or mechanism. These concepts raise serious questions about the feasibility of validating astrology through scientific testing, and some have gone so far as to reject the applicability of the scientific method to astrology almost entirely. Some astrologers, on the other hand, believe that astrology is amenable to the scientific method, given sufficiently sophisticated analytical methods, and they cite pilot studies they claim support this view.D. Cochrane, Towards a Proof of Astrology: An AstroSignature for Mathematical Ability International Astrologer ISAR Journal Winter-Spring 2005, Vol 33, #2 Consequently, a number of researchers and astrologers have called for or advocated continuing studies of astrology based on statistical validation.M. Pottenger (ed), Astrological Research Methods, Volume 1: An ISAR Anthology. International Society for Astrological Research (Los Angeles 1995) ISBN 0964636603

Research claims and counter-claims

The Mars effect: Relative frequency of the diurnal position of Mars in the birth chart of eminent athletes

Several individuals, most notably French psychologist and statistician Michel Gauquelin, claimed to have found correlations between some planetary positions and certain human traits such as vocations. Gauquelin's most widely known claim is known as the Mars effect, which is said to demonstrate a correlation between the planet Mars occupying certain positions in the sky more often at the birth of eminent sports champions than at the birth of ordinary people. Since its original publication in 1955, the Mars effect has been the subject of studies claiming to refute it,Benski, C. et al. 1996. The "Mars Effect": A French Test of Over 1000 Sports Champions.Zelen, M., P. Kurtz, and G. Abell. 1977. Is there a Mars effect? The Humanist 37 (6): 36-39. and studies making related claims, but has not received mainstream scientific notice.

Besides the Mars-athletes claims, astrological researchers claim to have found statistical correlations for physical attributes,O'Neil, Mike. "The Switching Control Applied to Hill and Thompson's Redhead Data" Correlation, vol. 11(1) p. 24 (1991) accidents,N. Kollerstrom. Investigating Aspects, Astrological Research Methods, Volume 1: An ISAR Anthology. International Society for Astrological Research (Los Angeles 1995) ISBN 0964636603 personal and mundane events, social trends such as economicsR. Merriman, Research for Financial Astrology Studies, Astrological Research Methods, Volume 1: An ISAR Anthology. International Society for Astrological Research (Los Angeles 1995) ISBN 0964636603 and large geophysical patterns. None of these claims were published in a mainstream scientific journal.

The scientific community, where it has commented, claims that astrology has repeatedly failed to demonstrate its effectiveness in numerous controlled studies. Effect size studies in astrology, conclude that the mean accuracy of astrological predictions is no greater than what is expected by chance, and astrology's perceived performance has disappeared on critical inspection. When tested against personality tests, astrologers have shown a consistent lack of agreement with these tests. One such double-blind study, published in the reputable peer-reviewed scientific journal Nature, claimed to refute astrologers' assertions that they can solve clients' personal problems by reading natal charts. The study concluded that astrologers had no special ability to interpret personality from astrological readings Another study contended that some astrologers failed to predict objective facts about people or agree with each other's interpretations. When testing for cognitive, behavioral, physical and other variables, one study of astrological "time twins" found no support for the claim that human characteristics are molded by the influence of the sun, moon and planets at the time of birth. Skeptics of astrology also suggest that the perceived accuracy of astrological interpretations and descriptions of one's personality can be accounted for by the fact that we tend to exaggerate positive 'hits' and overlook whatever does not really fit, especially when vague language is used. They also claim that statistical research is often wrongly seen as evidence for astrology due to uncontrolled artifacts.

Notes and references

External links

General
*Over a thousand astrology sites listed at the Open Directory project

;History
* Skyscript — Classical Astrology - A modern yet faithful look at Classical astrology.
* Astrology: Between Religion and the Empirical - A serious academic treatise on astrology by Dr. Gustav-Adolf Schoener and translated by Shane Denson.
* History of Astrology in the Renaissance Series of articles on astrology and its influence in the Renaissance.
*Hellenistic Astrology - An Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry outlining the development of Hellenistic astrology and its interaction with philosophical schools.
*Astrologia - Article in Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities
*The Astrological Star Of Bethlehem - How the Magi (astrologers) knew of the birth of Christ
*Towards a Post-Modern Astrology - Article by Robert Hand
*Astrology & Astronomy in Chaucer's Time - Information from Harvard University
*History of Astrology - An extensive timeline
*Astrology in Ancient History

;Schools
* Kepler College of Astrological Arts and Sciences - Based in Seattle, USA, Kepler College is the only college in the western hemisphere authorized to issue A.A., B.A., and M.A degrees in Astrological Studies.
*The Sophia Centre Based near Bath, England, the Centre is a department of School of Historical and Cultural Studies at Bath Spa University College. Funded by the Sophia Trust, the Centre teaches an innovative MA in Cultural Astronomy and Astrology and supervises postgraduate research.
*Faculty of Astrological Studies - Founded on 7th June 1948 in London, England at 19.50 BST; its Diploma, the D.F.Astrol.S., is among the most highly valued and recognised international qualifications.
*The Avalon School of Astrology. Licensed by the State of Florida, NCGR Level III and ISAR approved.
*Astrology College Founded 2002

;Astrology and science
*Astrofaces Research Project The Astrofaces project seeks to verify astrology with photographs grouped by the sun, moon and ascendant signs. Do people who share the three most prominent factors in the chart resemble each other?
*Astrology and Science - A critical look at astrology and science.
* The Astrotest - An account of a test of the predictive power of astrology, with references to some other experiments.
*The True Disbelievers by Richard Kamann and Marcello Truzzi is a report of alleged internal events at CSICOP regarding their own claimed confirmation of M. Gauquelin's 'Mars Effect'
*The Skeptic's Dictionary on astrology and the Mars effect
*An Astrophysicist's Sympathetic and Critical View of Astrology - by Victor Mansfield.
*The Scientific Basis of Astrology, Dr Percy Seymour - Book Review.
*The Magus of Magnetism: How Planetary Motion Orchestrates Solar Activity and Geomagnetism - An interview with Percy Seymour by Bronwyn Elko.
*Proof of Astrology? - A critical look at Percy Seymour's books.
*The Humanist - 1975 astrology article.
* The real romance in the stars - A critical view of astrology by Richard Dawkins.
*Is Astrology A Pseudoscience?
*Academic Journal of Consciousness Studies: Is Astrology Relevant to Consciousness and Psi?

;Types of astrology
*Dane Rudhyar Archival Project - Modern western
*A Comprehensive Uranian Astrology Website

;Tools
*Astrolabe Software - Calculate your personal natal chart or any astrological chart for free using this simple online calculation form.
* A Comprehensive Astrological Dictionary -- Use this to look up many common astrological terms, both in ancient and modern astrology.
*Astrolog 5.40 - Home of the freeware astrology program Astrolog 5.40.
*Astrolog32 - Home of the freeware astrology program Astrolog32.
*Astrology for Windows Public domain astrology software.
* The Original 3,000 Year High-Precision Daily Astrological Online Ephemeris from Khaldea.com Calculated for Midnight GMT; also with an Aspectarian included for years 1900 to 2005
*Astrowin - Free Astrology Calculation Programs - Astro123, AstroWin, MatchMkr, and more.
*ChronosXP - Free Planetary Hours software for Windows
* ephemeral.info Tools - Many free web-based tools for looking up information about various celestial objects.
*RFIntrep, RFAstro, RF ACSS & RF PHour - Free software & online free Rosicrucian Astrology book library

;Western astrology natal reports
*http://www.astro.com/ -- Astrodienst (available in 8 languages, includes sidereal and Hindu charts as well)
*http://www.astrolis.com/ -- Astrology reports and charts.
*http://www.stariq.com/ -- StarIQ.com, Modern Astrology
*http://www.widgetsworld.co.uk/
*http://www.astrologie-info.com/ -- Astrology Info: Natal chart in graphic/text mode and Interactive Moon calendar
*http://www.risingpisces.com/ -- Learn Astrology, Online Astrology Charts and Reports
*http://www.astrotranspersonal.com.ar/ -- A transpersonal view in astrology. In spanish.

;Natal reports for other systems
*http://www.lunarcal.org
*http://www.suzannewhite.com
*http://www.onereed.com/
*http://www.chaosastrology.com/
*Vedic Astrology - Jyotish -- Natal Chart Representation by way of Indian Astrology.
*Practical Aspects of Indian Astrology

Astrology: Encyclopedia BETA

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