Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: 135%; padding-bottom: 0.5em; line-height: 1.1em;"| Савезна Република Југославија
Savezna Republika Jugoslavija| |
>| colspan="2" style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; font-size: 95%;" | Anthem: Hej Sloveni|
>| colspan="2" style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; font-size: 95%;" |  |
Location of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia |
>| style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top" | Capital Belgrade
|
>| style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | Official language(s) Serbian1 |
>| style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | Government |
style="padding: 0 1em 0.4em 0; text-align:left;" Head of State style="padding: 0 1em 0.4em 0; text-align:left;" President }}
style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" Established
Reconstituted> style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top;" April 28, 1992
February 4, 2003-|
>| style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | Currency Yugoslav dinar (CSD), Euro (EUR2) |
>| style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | Internet TLD .yu |
>| style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | Calling code +381 |
colspan="2" style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top" 1Other languages are in official use at various local levels
2The Euro used in Montenegro and in the Serbian province of Kosovo-Metohia }}>|
The
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY; ) was a federal state consisting of the republics of
Serbia and
Montenegro that existed from
1992 to
2003, when it was reconstituted as a looser State Union of
Serbia and Montenegro.
After
Slovenia,
Croatia,
Bosnia and Herzegovina and
Macedonia broke away from the
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, the remaining republics of Serbia and Montenegro reconstituted the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in
1992.
The
United Nations and many individual states, especially the
United States, accepted it as constituting a state, but refused to recognise it as the
successor of the former Yugoslavia. The FRY was also suspended from a number of international institutions. This was due to the ongoing
Yugoslav wars during the
1990s, which had prevented agreement being reached on the disposition of federal assets and liabilities, particularly the national debt. The FRY was not directly involved in conflicts in Croatia and Bosnia, but helped the Serbian states of
Republika Srpska and
Republika Srpska Krajina with supplies, military technology and men. The country was ravaged by
hyperinflation, which reached its peak in
1993, but the economy subsequently recovered. In
1995, FRY was one of the key parties which negotiated the end of war in Bosnia with the
Dayton Agreement.
In June of 1999, after
NATO airstrikes, NATO and other troops, organized into KFOR, entered the province of
Kosovo following the
Kosovo War. Before the handover of power, some 300,000 Serbs and other non-Albanians were
ethnically cleansed from the province. On
March 17 2004,
unrest in Kosovo led to several deaths as Albanians clashed with Serbs and KFOR.
The FRY was finally re-admitted to the United Nations in
2000 after several years of suspension (with SFRY succession talks still ongoing).
In
2002, Serbia and Montenegro came to a new agreement regarding continued co-operation, which, among other changes, promised the end of the name Yugoslavia. On
February 4,
2003, the
federal parliament of Yugoslavia created a loose
confederation -
State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. A new
Constitutional Charter was agreed to provide a framework for the governance of the country. The State Union had a parliament and an army in common, and during the three years (till 2006), neither Serbia nor Montenegro held a referendum on the break-up of the union. The
EU's high representative for
Common Foreign and Security Policy Javier Solana said that he was happy with the agreement, because it stopped the disintegration progress in the former Yugoslav zone.
The FRY was composed of four principal political units, consisting of two republics and two subordinate autonomous provinces:
*
Serbia (capital:
Belgrade)
**
Vojvodina " autonomous province within Serbia (capital:
Novi Sad)
**
Kosovo and Metohia " autonomous province under
United Nations administration after
Kosovo War (capital:
Priština)
*
Montenegro (capital:
Podgorica)The country's political and administrative capital was Belgrade, while its judicial capital was Podgorica.
Mismanagement of the economy, an extended period of economic sanctions, and the damage to Yugoslavia's infrastructure and industry caused by the
Kosovo War left the economy only half the size it was in
1990. Since the ousting of former Federal Yugoslav President
Slobodan Milošević in October 2000, the
Democratic Opposition of Serbia (DOS) coalition government has implemented stabilization measures and embarked on an aggressive market reform program. After renewing its membership in the
International Monetary Fund in December 2000, Yugoslavia continued to reintegrate into the international community by rejoining the
World Bank (IBRD) and the
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD).
The smaller republic of
Montenegro severed its economy from federal control and from Serbia during the Milošević era. Since then, the two republics had separate central banks, different currencies - Montenegro adopted the
euro, while Serbia used the Serbian dinar as official currency.
The complexity of the FRY's political relationships, slow progress in privatisation, and stagnation in the European economy were detrimental to the economy. Arrangements with the IMF, especially requirements for fiscal discipline, were an important element in policy formation. Severe unemployment was a key political economic problem. Corruption also presented a major problem, with a large
black market and a high degree of criminal involvement in the formal economy.
General and governmental links
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Official government site*
List of official sites of administrationOther external links
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Serbia-Montenegro and the Balkans " Discussion Forum
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Burek Forum " The Biggest forum in Serbia and Montenegro
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Foundation Rastko-Boka News
