Frank Gehry
Frank Owen Gehry,
CC (born Ephraim Owen Goldberg,
February 28,
1929 in
Toronto,
Canada) is an
architect known for his sculptural approach to building design. He is best known for building curvaceous structures, often covered with reflective metal. His most famous work, and the clearest expression of his style, is the
Guggenheim Museum in
Bilbao,
Spain, which is covered in
titanium.
Born in
Toronto,
Canada to a
Jewish family, Gehry moved at age 17 to
California, where he studied at
Los Angeles City College before graduating from the
University of Southern California School of Architecture. He then studied city planning at the
Harvard Graduate School of Design. He is today a naturalized
American citizen and lives in
Los Angeles. He is Distinguished Professor of Architecture at
Columbia University in
New York City and has also taught at
Yale University.
Gehry's style is derived from
late modernism. The tortured, warped forms of his structures are considered expressions of the
deconstructivist (DeCon) school of
modernist architecture. The DeCon movement departs from
modernism in its de-emphasis of societal goals and functional necessity. Unlike
early modernist structures, DeCon structures are not required to reflect specific social ideas (such as speed or universality of form), and they do not reflect a belief that form follows function. DeCon, which Gehry has continued to refine, is also known as the
Santa Monica school of architecture. This region of the United States has produced the greatest range of experimentation in the field of DeCon design and contains the largest concentration of the structures.
Some have also pointed to
Le Corbusier's abstractly-sculptured
Notre Dame du Haut as a precursor to Frank Gehry's style, as well as a possible source of his ideas. However, in the 2005 documentary film "Sketches of Frank Gehry," Gehry states that the work of the great Finnish architect and designer
Alvar Aalto was his greatest inspiration.
Gehry is considered a modern architectural icon and celebrity. He came to the attention of the public in 1972 with his "
Easy Edges" cardboard furniture. He has appeared in
Apple's black and white "
Think Different" pictorial ad campaign that associates offbeat but revered figures with Apple's design philosophy. He even once appeared as himself in an episode of "
The Simpsons" in the episode
The Seven-Beer Snitch. He also voiced himself on the TV show "Arthur", where he helped Arthur and his friends design a new treehouse. His buildings, including his private residence, have become tourist attractions. Many museums, firms, and cities seek Gehry's services as a badge of distinction, regardless of the product he delivers.
Seattle's EMP Music Museum represents this phenomenon at its most extreme.
Microsoft's
Paul Allen chose Gehry as the architect of the urban structure to house his public collection of music history artifacts. While the result was undeniably unique, critical reaction came in the form of withering attacks. The bizarre color choices, the total disregard for architectural harmony with the built and natural surroundings, and the mammoth scale led to accusations that Gehry had simply "got it wrong." Admirers of the building remind critics that similar attacks were levelled against the
Eiffel Tower in the late 19th century, and that only historical perspective would allow a fair evaluation of the building's merits.
Recently, Gehry has been criticised by some to be repeating himself, critics claiming the disjointed metal panoply that has become Gehry's trademark is perhaps overused. Almost all of his recent work seems derivative of his landmark
Bilbao Guggenheim. (It should be noted, however, that while the Guggenheim was completed before
Disney Hall, the latter was designed first.) Moreover, before problematic surfaces were dulled, the concave curved metal forms of Disney Hall concentrated sunlight in a way that created extreme hot spots in the surrounding streets, sidewalks, and buildings.
His critics and admirers alike are watching with anticipation to see whether Gehry is able to produce equally compelling forms in a different idiom. He may be able to do so, with a small office complex on the West Side of Manhattan as well as other new projects taking his signature forms, but building them out of glass rather than metal.
Besides leaving a legacy of built work, Gehry created a new technology firm (Gehry Technologies) with the mission of disseminating the 3D
CAD tools and processes to other architects and members of the construction industry.
Frank Gehry also designed a wrist watch, marketed by Fossil. Instead of it reading like a standard watch, if it was 1:54pm, it would read 6 til 2, or at 12:30am it would read half past midnight. Fossil product catalogue [
1]
In 2005, Director
Sydney Pollack made the documentary "Sketches of Frank Gehry." It is due to be released on DVD by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment on August 22, 2006.
Controversy:Gehry's works have been criticized for their impracticality, and in some cases, environmental hazards:According to the LA times The Disney Center in downtown Los Angeles has "roasted the sidewalk to 140 degrees Fahrenheit, enough to melt plastic and cause serious sunburn to people standing on the street".
Accoridng to
CNN, Case Western Reserve Univeristy "takes precautions with Gehry's sloping roof"
CLEVELAND, Ohio (AP) --The shiny, swirling $62 million building that houses the business school at Case Western Reserve University is a marvel to behold. But it is sometimes best admired from afar.
In its first winter, snow and ice have been sliding off the long, sloping, stainless-steel roof, bombarding the sidewalk below. And in bright sun, the glint off the steel tiles is so powerful that standing next to the building is like lying on a beach with a tanning mirror."
Completed
*
Easy Edges furniture series 1972.
*
Exhibit Center,
Merriweather Post Pavilion, and
Rouse Company Headquarters,
Columbia, Maryland, USA (
1974)
*
Loyola Law School,
Los Angeles, California, USA (various buildings, 1978-2002) [
2]
*
Santa Monica Place,
Santa Monica, California, USA (
1980)
*
Edgemar Retail Complex,
Santa Monica, California, USA (
1984)
*
Chiat/Day Building,
Venice, California, USA (
1985-
1991)
*Vitra Design Museum.
Weil am Rhein, Germany (
1989)
*
Frederick Weisman Museum of Art,
University of Minnesota,
Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA (
1990) [
3]
* Iowa Advanced Technology Laboratories,
University of Iowa,
Iowa City, Iowa, USA (
1987-
1992) [
4]
*
Disney Village,
Disneyland Resort Paris, Paris, France (
1992)
*Center for the Visual Arts,
University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA (
1993) [
5]
*
American Center,
Paris,
France (
1994) [
6] (currently
Cinémathèque Française)
Dancing House ("Fred and Ginger"),
Prague,
Czech Republic (
1995)
Photo 1,
Photo 2,
Photo 3*
Anaheim ICE (formerly Disney ICE),
Anaheim, California (
1995)
*
Team Disney Anaheim,
Anaheim, California (
1995) [
7]
*
Guggenheim Museum Bilbao,
Bilbao,
Spain (
1997)
Der Neue Zollhof,
Düsseldorf,
Germany (
1999) [
8]
*
Vontz Center for Molecular Studies,
University of Cincinnati,
Cincinnati, Ohio, USA (1999) [
9]
*
DG Bank building,
Pariser Platz 3,
Berlin, Germany (
2000)
*
Experience Music Project,
Seattle, Washington, USA (2000)
*
Gehry Tower,
Hanover, Germany (
2001)
*
Issey Miyake, Flagship Store,
New York, New York, USA (2001)
*Peter B. Lewis Building,
Weatherhead School of Management,
Case Western Reserve University,
Cleveland, Ohio, USA (
2002) [
10] [
11]
*
Richard B. Fisher Center for the Performing Arts,
Bard College,
Annandale-on-Hudson, New York, USA (
2003) [
12] [
13]
*
Maggie's centre,
Dundee,
Scotland (2003) [
14]
*
Walt Disney Concert Hall,
Los Angeles, California, USA (2003)
*Ray and Maria
Stata Center,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Cambridge, Massachusetts,
USA (2004) [
15]
*Pritzker Pavilion,
Millennium Park,
Chicago, Illinois, USA (2004) [
16]
*
MARTa,
Herford, Germany (
2005)
*
IAC/InterActiveCorp West Coast Headquarters,
Sunset Strip,
West Hollywood,
California, USA (2005)
*
Brian Transeau's house, Los Angeles,
California, USA
In progress
*
Grand Avenue Project,
Los Angeles, California*
Art Gallery of Ontario renovation,
Toronto, Ontario,
Canada (
2004)
*Museum of Tolerance,
Jerusalem,
Israel (expected completion in 2008) [
17]
*Science library,
Princeton University [
18]
*Ohr-O'Keefe Museum,
Biloxi,
Mississippi,
USA (open 2005; all buildings expected to be complete by 2007) [
19]
*
Panama: Bridge of Life Museum of Biodiversity,
Panama City,
Panama*
Inter-Active Corp. Headquarters,
New York City[
20]
* Guggenheim Abu Dhabi (GAD),
Abu Dhabi,
United Arab Emirates (expected completion in 2011).
*Arnold W. Brunner Memorial Prize in Architecture,
American Academy of Arts and Letters (
1977)
*
Pritzker Architecture Prize (
1989)
*Wolf Prize in Art (Architecture), Wolf Foundation (
1992)
*Praemium Imperiale Award for Architecture, Japan Art Association (1992)
*Dorothy and Lillian Gish Award (
1994)
*
National Medal of Arts (
1998)
*Friedrich Kiesler Prize (1998)
*
Gold Medal,
American Institute of Architects (AIA) (
1999)
*Gold Medal,
Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) (
2000)
*Gold Medal for Architecture, American Academy of Arts and Letters (
2002)
*Companion of the
Order of Canada (2002)
*Of Visual Arts; California Institute of the Arts (1987)
*Of Fine Arts; Rhode Island School of Design (1987)
*Of Engineering; Technical University of Nova Scotia (1989)
*Of Fine Arts; Otis Arts Institute (1989)
*Of Humanities; Occidental College (1993)
*Whittier College (1995)
*Of Architecture; Southern California Insitute of Architecture (1997)
*Of Laws;
University of Toronto (1998)
*
University of Edinburgh (2000)
*University of Southern California (2000)
*
Yale University (2000)
*
Harvard University (2000)
*The School of The
Art Institute of Chicago (2004)
The following are additional images of Gehry's works.
Image:Weisman Art Museum.jpg|Weisman Art MuseumImage:Prague - Dancing House.jpg|Dancing HouseImage:Guggenheim-bilbao-jan05.jpg|Guggenheim Museum BilbaoImage:DG Bank Interior, Berlin.jpg|DG Bank building atriumImage:ExperienceMusicProject.jpg|Experience Music ProjectImage:Fisher at Bard College.jpg|Richard B. Fisher Center for the Performing ArtsImage:Lightmatter disneyhall5.jpg|Walt Disney Concert HallImage:Wfm stata center.jpg|Stata CenterImage:PBLewis1.JPG|Peter B. Lewis Building, home of the Weatherhead School of ManagementImage:PBLlobby.JPG|Interior View of the Peter B. Lewis BuildingImage:Fish dance01 2816.jpg|Fish Dance in Kobe*
Gehry Partners, LLP, Gehry's architecture firm
*
Gehry Technologies, Inc., Gehry's technology firm
*
Photo archive with many images of Gehry's buildings and portraits*
Pritzker Prize page on Gehry *
Panama: Bridge of Life Museum of Biodiversity*
Frank Gehry in Los Angeles (Photos)*
Franck Gehry's House in California (with drawings)
*
Frank O. Gehry slide library: large number of buildings and models*
Microclimatic Impact: Glare around the Walt Disney Concert Hall*
Documentary: Sketches of Frank Gehry*
Brooklyn's Trojan Horse: What's wrong with the buildings Frank Gehry wants to put in my neighborhood?
