Global illumination
Global illumination algorithms used in
3D computer graphics are those which, when determining the light falling on a surface, take into account not only the light which has taken a path directly from a light source (
direct illumination), but also light which has undergone reflection from other surfaces in the world (
indirect illumination).
Images rendered using global illumination algorithms are more photorealistic than images rendered using local illuminationalgorithms. However, they are also much slower and more computationally expensive. A common approach is to compute the global illumination of a scene and store that information with the geometry (ie. radiosity). That stored data can then be used to generate images from different viewpoints for generating walkthroughs of a scene without having to go through expensive lighting calculations.
Radiosity,
ray tracing,
beam tracing,
cone tracing,
Path Tracing,
metropolis light transport and
photon mapping are examples of algorithms used in global illumination, some of which may be used together.
These algorithms model
diffuse inter-reflection which is a very important part of global illumination, however most of these (excluding radiosity) also model
specular reflection too which makes them more accurate algorithms to solve the lighting equation and provide a more realistic globally illuminated scene.
The algorithms used to calculate the distribution of light energy between surfaces of a scene are closely related to
heat transfer simulations performed using
finite-element methods in engineering design.
In real-time 3D graphics, the
diffuse inter-reflection component of global illumination is sometimes approximated by an "ambient" term in the lighting equation.
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Rendering without Global Illumination. |
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Global illumination rendering demonstrating how light is reflected by surfaces. |
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Povray free rendering software featuring global illumination
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YafRay free rendering software featuring global illumination
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Radiance - highly accurate ray-tracing software system for UNIX computers. Free to non-commercial users. It has been open-sourced.
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PBRT â€" Literate programming, has a great accompanying book.
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Vraywiki â€" Vraywiki website.
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SplutterFish â€" developers of Brazil, a rendering system based on global illumination. The site has an extensive gallery of contributed images
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Perceptuum â€" good source for photon mapping, and other global illumination techniques.
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Mental Images â€" makers of the MentalRay renderer. The renderer is used in packages such as Softimage XSI, Maya and 3D Studio Max.
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Real-Time Global Illumination â€" one example of a real-time GI engine from game developer Fantasylab.
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Geomerics â€" a new games technology company which is offering a real-time GI solution.
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finalRender rendering system with global illumination for different platforms and packages.
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Luxology â€" makers of Modo. Modo's renderer utilizes Irradiance Caching to quickly and easily add GI to a 3d scene.
