Harbor
For information about compiler for the Clipper programming language see Harbour compilerA
harbor or
harbour (see
spelling differences), or
haven, is a place where ships may shelter from the
weather or are stored. Harbors can be man-made or natural. A man-made harbor will have sea walls or
breakwaters and may require
dredging. A natural harbor is surrounded on most sides by land.
Harbors and
ports are often confused. A port is a man-made
coastal or riverine facility where
boats and
ships can load and unload. It may consist of
quays,
wharfs,
jetties,
piers and
slipways with
cranes or ramps. A port may have magazine buildings or warehouses for storage of goods and a
transport system, such as
railway,
road transport or
pipeline transport facilities for relaying goods inland.
During the
D-Day operations of
1944, two artificial harbors (codenamed
Mulberry) were built just off the invasion
beaches.
A natural harbor is a
landform where a
body of water forms a harbor. Natural harbors have long been of great
strategic and economic importance. Many of the great cities of the world are located on a natural harbor.
For harbors near the
poles, being
ice-free is an important advantage, ideally all-year round. Examples are
Murmansk (Russia),
Petsamo (Russia, formerly Finland),
Hammerfest,
Vardø, and
Prince Rupert or
Halifax (
Canada).
The following places are large natural harbors:
*
San Francisco Bay in the
United States*
Mumbai in
India*
Charleston in the
United States*
Boston, Massachusetts, in the
United States*
Kingston, in
Jamaica*
Sydney Harbour in
Australia*
Manila Bay in the
Philippines*
Rio de Janeiro, Guanabara Bay, in
Brazil* Bahia,
Salvador, in
Brazil*
Halifax in
Canada*
Cork in the
Republic of Ireland*
Falmouth in
Cornwall, the
United Kingdom*
Poole Harbour in
Dorset, the United Kingdom
*
Freetown Harbour in
Sierra Leone *
Pearl Harbor, west of
Honolulu,
Hawaii*
Brofjorden, Sweden
*
Oslofjord, Norway
Artificial harbors are frequently built for use as ports. The largest artificially created harbor is located in
Rotterdam,
The Netherlands.
Other notable harbors include:
*
Antwerp in
Belgium*
Hampton Roads in
Virginia,
United States*
Keppel Harbour in
Singapore*
Upper New York Bay in
New York Harbor,
United States*
Victoria Harbour in
Hong Kong,
People's Republic of China (see also
List of harbours in Hong Kong)
*
Manukau Harbour,
Auckland,
New Zealand*
Kaipara Harbour,
New Zealand*
Trondheim,
Norway*
Tromsø, Norway
*
Portland Harbour in
Dorset,
England*
Dock*
Dockyard*
Marina,
List of Marinas *
Quay*
Seaport,
List of seaports *
Wharf
