Idiolect
An
idiolect is a
variety of a
language unique to an individual. It is manifested by patterns of word selection and
grammar, or words, phrases,
idioms, or pronunciations that are unique to that individual. Every individual has an idiolect; the grouping of words and phrases is unique, rather than an individual using specific words that nobody else uses. An idiolect can easily evolve into an
ecolect—a dialect variant specific to a household.
While often passing unnoticed in speech, some idiolects, particularly unusual ones employed by famous individuals, are immortalized in the form of nicknames. Famous examples include the nicknames of
Ernesto "Che" Guevara and
Willie Mays ("the Say-Hey Kid"), who frequently used the words "
che" and "say hey" respectively.
Depending on whom you ask, either idiolects are derived from abstract, standardized language ideas, defended by "authorities" (such as dictionary editors), or languages are congruences of idiolects and thus exist only in the intersection between individual speakers. While the "truth," should it exist, most likely lies on a continuum between these extremes, each proposition provides a useful model for language
analysis. A more traditional
scientific approach is encapsulated in the first sense. The second sense of the idiolect has become a base for investigating language
evolution on a
genetic model: the existence of the
species (individual language) is extrapolated from a multitude of
organisms (idiolects) with common features. Each species evolves through changes in the individual organisms. Idiolects change through contact with other idiolects, and change throughout their lifetime as well as from generation to generation. Overall, languages must select for compatibility with the learning capacity of immature human
brains. Idiolects, however, have such a large capacity for change, particularly in the current era with increasing contact between many different people, that the systematic aspects of language that are the traditional arena of
linguistic study are constantly in flux.
As of yet, there is no general
theory of
communication based on idiolects. Most importantly, however, whether language is a pre-determined
convention or a fluid construction of each moment of communication, there are general cognitive abilities that all humans share in order to communicate. These tools, inherent to
symbolic communication, include the ability to assess a situation and provide appropriate information, access to both short and long term
memory functions, the ability to differentiate and conceptualize past, present, and future, and the ability to recognize that other human brains also use these and other tools to represent their internal states and understand the representation of others' internal states.
*
Catch phrase*Johasson, Sverker. "The Individual and the Species in the Cultural Evolution of Language." presented at Evolutionary Epistemology, Language & Culture Brussels, May 2004 (see http://hem.hj.se/~lsj/publicat.htm)
*Mufwene, Salikoko S. "Competition and Selection in Language Evolution." Selection 3 (2002) 1, 45-56 http://www.akkrt.hu/journals/select
*Penco, Carlo. "Idiolect and Context."
The Library of Living Philosophers: Micheal Dummett, 2004 (see http://www.dif.unige.it/epi/hp/penco/papers.htm)
*
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry
