Johnny Burnette

Johnny Burnette was a Rockabilly pioneer in Memphis, Tennessee and with his older brother Dorsey Burnette and a friend named Paul Burlison was one of the founder members of The Rock and Roll Trio.

Johnny Burnette

John (Johnny) Joseph Burnette was born on March 25, 1934 to Willie May and Dorsey Burnett Sr. in Memphis, Tennessee. The ‘e' at the end of the name was added later. He grew up with his parents and his older brother, Dorsey, in a public housing project in the Lauderdale Courts area of Memphis, which from 1948 until 1954, was also the home of Gladys and Vernon Presley and their son, Elvis.

Early press reports dating from 1956, claimed that Johnny attended Humes High School with Elvis Presley, which was not true. Johnny went initially to the Blessed Sacrament Parochial School and after graduating from the eighth grade he moved on to the Catholic High School in Memphis. Here he showed an aptitude for sports, being on the school baseball team and playing as linebacker on the school's football team. In one famous incident, he was knocked out in a tackle by future singer Red West. Both he and Dorsey were also keen amateur boxers and were to become Golden Gloves Champions. After leaving high school, Johnny tried his hand at becoming a professional boxer, but after one fight with a sixty dollar purse and a broken nose or an encounter with Norris Ray, a top paycheck of $150 and a broken nose, he decided to quit the ring. He went to work on the barges traversing the Mississippi River, where Dorsey Burnette also worked. Johnny worked mainly as a deck hand while Dorsey worked as an oiler.

Both of the brothers worked separately, but they would take their guitars on board and write songs during their spare time. After work they would go back to Memphis, where they would perform those and other songs at local bars, with a varying array of sidemen, including another former Golden Gloves champion named Paul Burlison, whom Dorsey had met at an amateur boxing tournament in Memphis in 1949. In 1952 or 1953 they formed a group, which may have been called The Rhythm Rangers at the time. Johnny Burnette sang the vocals and played acoustic guitar, Dorsey played bass and Paul Burlison played lead guitar. For economic reasons, in 1956, the three young men moved to New York, where they managed to get an audition with the Ted Mack Original Amateur Hour. They won the competition three times in a row, which gained them a place in the finals, a recording contract with Coral Records and they officially became The Rock and Roll Trio. They also gained a manager, band leader Henry Jerome, a drummer, Tony Austin, who was a cousin of Carl Perkins.

Promotional appearances were arranged on Dick Clark's American Bandstand, Steve Allen's Tonight Show and Perry Como's Kraft Music Hall, together with a summer tour with Carl Perkins and Gene Vincent. On September 9 1956, they appeared as finalists in the Ted Mack Original Amateur Hour at Madison Square Garden. Despite all of this activity, however, the three singles, which were released over this period failed to make the national charts.

In order to cover their living expenses, the Trio was forced to go on the road, completing what seemed to be an endless stream of one night stands. This exhausting regime led to squabbles, which were exacerbated in Dorsey's case by Jerome's use of the name Johnny Burnette and the Rock and Roll Trio on records and live dates. Things finally came to a head at a gig in Niagara Falls in the fall of 1956, when, as a result of a fight, Dorsey quit the group a week before they were to appear in Alan Freed's film Rock, Rock, Rock.

Johnny Black, the brother of Elvis's bassist Bill Black, was rapidly recruited to fill Dorsey's place. Despite the film appearance and three more single releases and one LP release, the group failed to achieve any chart success. The Rock and Roll Trio officially disbanded in the fall of 1957.

Now unemployed in Memphis, Johnny also decided to try his luck in California. He and a friend, Joe Campbell hitched down to the West Coast. Here they joined Dorsey and with their past differences forgotten, the brothers attempted to resurrect The Rock and Roll Trio, by sending for Paul Burlison. He joined them briefly, but decided to return to Memphis and concentrate on his electrical business. Dorsey and Johnny continued with their song writing activities, but Dorsey continued with his day job as an electrician to pay the family expenses.

The Burnette's brashness got them their first success in the music business in California. On arriving in Los Angeles, Joe Campbell bought a copy of "A Map ToThe Stars" which showed the location of the then teen idol Ricky Nelson's home. In an effort to get their songs to him, the Burnettes and Campbell decided to sit on the steps of the star's home until they could get a meeting with him. This persistence worked and Ricky was sufficiently impressed with their work, that he wound up recording many of their songs including, Believe What You Say You Say, It's Late and Waitin' In School amongst others. Other Imperial Records artists, such as Roy Brown, benefited from their songwriting abilities. He successfully covered the brothers' Hip Shakin' Baby and this led to them signing a recording contract with Imperial Records as a duo.

As the Burnette Brothers, they were to have one single release on the Imperial label, Warm Love/My Honey (Imperial X5509), which was released on May 5, 1958. It did not make the charts. After this failure, they continued to co-operate as songwriters, but they began to follow separate careers as performing artists. In 1961, however, Johnny and Dorsey had two instrumentals releases on the small Infinity and Gothic labels. The first single was Green Grass Of Texas/Bloody River (Infinity INX-001), which was released on February 20, 1961. The second single was Rockin' Johnny Home/Ole Reb (Gothic GOX-001), which was released on May 29 1961. Both of these records were under the name of The Texans. A further instrumental, Lonely Island/Green Hills (Liberty 55460) under the name of The Shamrocks was to appear on Liberty Records on June 6, 1962. Green Grass Of Texas/Bloody River was to be re-released in February 1965 on the Vee Jay label (VJ 658), again under the name of The Texans.

Whilst Dorsey was also contracted to Imperial as a solo artist, in the fall of 1958, Johnny obtained a recording contract as a solo artist with Freedom Records, which was an off-shoot of Liberty Records. He had three single releases on this label. The first single, Kiss Me/I'm Restless (44001), was released on September 11 1958. This was followed by Gumbo/Me And The Bear (44011), which was released on March 6 1959 and finally Sweet Baby Doll/I'll Never Love Again (44017), which was released on June 24 1959. None of these records were hits and of the six songs, Sweet Baby Doll was the only one not penned by Johnny. Some sources have suggested that Eddie Cochran may have been playing on Gumbo but this has not established beyond doubt.

In mid-1959, the Freedom Label was shut down and Johnny moved to the main Liberty Label under the direction of producer Snuff Garrett. Since Liberty had more promotional machinery than Freedom, Johnny's Liberty singles stood a greater chance of succeeding. His first Liberty single, Settin' The Woods On Fire/Kentucky Waltz (Liberty F-55222), was released on November 10 1959 and his second Liberty single Patrick Henry/Don't Do It (Liberty F-55243), was released on March 4 1960. Both singles sold well regionally but failed to become national hits. His third single, Dreamin'/Cincinnati Fireball (Liberty F-55285), however, which was released on May 4 1960, made him famous to millions, who had never heard of The Rock and Roll Trio. It reached #11 on the Billboard Hot 100 and it reached #5 in Britain. Unlike his older Coral recordings, Dreamin' was overlaid with an orchestral backing.

His fourth Liberty single You're Sixteen/I Beg Your Pardon (Liberty F-55298), which was released on October 5 1960, did even better reaching #8 on the Hot 100 and #3 in Britain and earned him a gold record. Johnny went quickly back into the studio and under Snuff Garrett's direction recorded Little Boy Sad. This was released on January 3 1961, backed with (I Go) Down To The River (Liberty F-55298). Shortly after its release, however, Johnny was hospitalized with a ruptured appendix, which was to keep him bedridden for several weeks. He was unable to undertake many personal appearances to promote the new record and it only reached #17 on the Billboard Hot 100 and #12 in Britain. Frustrated by this prolonged inactivity he tried to return to work too early and he promptly collapsed. This meant that his fifth Liberty single Big Big World/ Ballad Of The One Eyed Jacks (Liberty F-55318), which was released on March 30 1961, received no promotion at all, and struggled to reach #58 on the Hot 100.

His sixth Liberty single, I've Got A Lot Of Things To Do/Girls (Liberty F-55345), which was released June 14 1961, was handled differently from his previous records. In Britain, the up-beat side, Girls was promoted as the topside and it reached either #23 or #37 (depending upon the source) in the British charts in September 1961. In the US it was flipped over with I've Got A Lot Of Things to Do as the topside, but despite heavy promotion, it failed to make the mark, peaking just outside the Hot 100 at #109.

After recovering from his illness, Johnny returned to the road with a triumphant tour of the Northern cities, culminating in a season at the Brooklyn Paramount Theatre, after which he undertook a highly successful tour of Australia with Connie Francis. Back in the limelight, his next release was scheduled to be a Carl Perkins' song Fools Like Me/Honestly I Do (Liberty 55377) but this was cancelled in favour of God, Country and My Baby/Honestly I Do (Liberty 55379), which was released on September 27 1961. The patriotism of the song clicked predominantly with American record buyers and it reached #18 on the Hot 100. It was to be Johnny Burnette's last major American hit.

In 1962, Johnny toured Britain for the first time with Gary U.S. Bonds and Gene McDaniels, where he made an appearance on the New Musical Express Poll Winners' Concert and several TV appearances. His next single Clown Shoes/The Way I am (Liberty 55416) was released on January 26 1962, but it failed to make the US Hot 100 petering out at #113. It was more successful in Britain, possibly because of the tour, where it reached #35. The song Clown Shoes was written by a Texan named James Marcus Smith, who was to find fame in Britain as P. J. Proby.

Johnny was to have two more single releases on Liberty Records. These were The Fool Of The Year/The Poorest Boy In Town (Liberty 55448), which was released on April 13 1962 and Damn The Defiant/Lonesome Waters (Liberty 55489), which was released on July 30 1962. Neither of these singles was a hit, but Damn The Defiant, which was a Johnny Horton-style naval saga, was Johnny Burnette's first self-penned A-side for Liberty as well as his last single for the label. It was probably inspired by the 1962 movie HMS Defiant, or Damn The Defiant as it was known in USA, which starred Alec Guinness and Dirk Bogarde.

Johnny moved to Chancellor Records, which had had success with teen idols like Fabian and Frankie Avalon. He had three single released during 1962, namely I Wanna Thank Your Folks/The Giant (Chancellor C-1116), Tag Along/Party Girl (Chancellor C-1123) and Remember Me (I'm The One Who Loves You)/Time is Not Enough (Chancellor C-1129) but none of these singles were hits. Johnny moved on, briefly joining Dorsey on Reprise Records for one single Hey Sue/It Don't Take Much (20153) before signing a one year contract with Capitol Records in the summer of 1963.

Johnny's first recording session was held on July 23 1963 at the Capitol Tower with Jim Economides and Jimmie Haskell overseeing the proceedings. A number of tracks were recorded, namely, It Isn't There, Wish It Were Saturday Night, I'll Give You Three Guesses, All Week Long and Congratulations You've Hurt Me Again. Of these It Isn't There/Wish It Were Saturday Night (Capitol 5023) were issued on August 19 1963 as his first American single. In Britain, the flipside was changed to All Week Long, but neither single made the charts. On December 13 1963, a second session was held, with the same two men in charge. Four more songs were recorded of which The Opposite/You Taught Me the Way To Love You (Capitol 5114) was selected for single release on January 20 1964. Again it failed to find chart success. A third session was held on February 14 1964, which produced four songs, Aunt Marie, Two Feet In Front of Me, If I Were An Artist and And Her Name Is Scarlett. None of these songs, however, were deemed fit for release and remained in-the-can for thirty years. A fourth session was held on March 16 1964, which was overseen by David Gates, who was later to find fame with Bread. This session produced Sweet Suzie, I Think She Knows and It All Depends On Linda, which was written by Bobby Bare. Of these songs, Sweet Suzie backed with Walkin' Talkin' Doll, which had been held back from the December 1963 session, were released as Capitol single (Capitol 5176) on April 5 1964. This single again failed to make the charts.

When his Capitol contract ran out, Johnny decided to take charge of his own affairs on his own terms. He formed his own label Sahara and in July 1964 released the single Fountain of Love/What A Summer Day (Sahara 512). When he was informed that the name Sahara had already been taken, he renamed the label Magic Lamp and a different single Bigger Man/Less Than A Heartbeat (Magic Lamp 515) was quickly released. Before anyone could gauge the chances of Bigger Man, tragedy struck. After dark on August 14 1964, Johnny's tiny unlit fishing boat was struck by an unaware cabin cruiser on Clear Lake, California. The impact threw him off the boat and he drowned. When he was given the news, a distraught Dorsey Burnette called Paul Burlison, who immediately flew out to comfort him and attend Johnny's funeral. The two men were to keep in constant touch until Dorsey's death of a heart attack in 1979. Johnny Burnette was interred in Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, California.

Johnny Burnette's name and song writing abilities gained prominence again when Ringo Starr released a cover of "You're Sixteen" in 1973 and his pioneering contribution to the genre has been recognized by the Rockabilly Hall of Fame. One of his songs, "Train Kept A-Rollin'" by Tiny Bradshaw, would later be recorded by The Yardbirds and Aerosmith.

ReferenceS

* The Official Johnny Burnette Home Page- Inside the Johnny Burnette Story by Hank Zevallos â€" For general background information, school history, school athletics and Red West incident, encounter with Norris Ray, $150 purse and broken nose http://www.burnette-rock.com/JohnnyBurnette.htm
* Johnny Burnette's Rock 'n' Roll Trio â€" For general background information, http://www.history-of-rock.com/burnettes.htm
* RCS Artist Discography â€" Burnette, Johnny â€" For single releases 1954 to 1964, Infinity, Gothic and Vee Jay releases as The Texans, Liberty release as The Shamrocks http://rcs.law.emory.edu/rcs/artists/b/burn4200.htm
* The Johnny & Dorsey Burnette Discography website by Gilles Vignal and Marc Alesina â€" For recording session details, including demo sessions 1954 to 1964, http://www.burnettebrothers.user.fr
* Survey of American Popular Music by Frank Hoffmann â€" Dorsey and Johnny Burnette â€" For General Background information,http://www.shsu.edu/~lis_fwh/book/classic_rock_n_roll/support/Burnette2.htm
* Rock Billy Boogie/Johnny Burnette Trio by Colin Escott (Sleeve Notes to Bear Family CD BCD 15474/AH) â€" For general background details including original spelling of Burnette name, Dorsey Sr.'s 1939 purchase of Gene Autry guitars, boxing and 1949 meeting with Paul Burlison.
* Johnny and Dorsey/The Burnette Brothers by Adam Komorowski (Sleeve Notes to Rockstar CD RSRCD 005) â€" For early Freedom singles and possibility of Eddie Cochran's presence on Gumbo,
* "That's The Way I Feel /The Complete Capitol Recordings â€" Johnny Burnette by Adam Komorowski (Sleeve Notes to Rockstar CD RSRCD 006) â€" For details of Infinity, Gothic and Vee Jay singles, Reprise single, Capitol sessions and releases, Sahara and Magic Lamp releases, death and Dorsey's reunion with Paul Burlison
* You're Sixteen/The Best of Johnny Burnette by Dawn Eden (Sleeve Notes to Liberty CD 82-99997) â€" For broken nose and sixty dollar boxing purse, details of first meeting at the home of Ricky Nelson, details of Liberty releases, Hot 100/UK Chart positions, UK/US switch of sides I've Got A Lot Of Things To Do/Girls, reference to P. J. Proby, Capitol, Sahara and Magic Lamp releases
* Dreamin'/Johnny Burnette â€" Johnny Burnette by N E Fulcanwright (Sleeve Notes to Beat Goes On CD BGOCD329) â€" For Johnny's ruptured appendix in 1961 and its consequences, Liberty release, Hot 100/UK Chart positions, UK/US switch of sides I've Got A Lot Of Things To Do/Girls, US tour and Australian tour with Connie Francis, UK 1962 Tour, reference to P. J. Proby,
* http://www.geocities.com/shakin_stacks/johnnyburnette.txt
* http://www.rockabilly.net/articles/burnette.shtml
* http://www.rockabilly.nl/artists/jburnette.htm
* Johnny Burnette Article - by Dr. Frank Hoffmann