Josef Lanner
Josef Lanner (
12 April 1801 –
14 April 1843) was an
Austrian
dance music
composer. He was best remembered as one of the earliest
Viennese composers to reform the
waltz from a simple peasant dance to something that even the highest society could enjoy, either as an accompaniment to the dance or for the music's own sake. He was just as famous as his friend and musical rival
Johann Strauss I, who was better known outside of Austria because of his concert tours to France and England.
Largely self-taught on the
violin, Lanner joined a small string orchestra of Michael Palmer at about the same time as
Johann Strauss I did, although he decided to venture into the music business himself and partnered with Karl and Johann Drahanek, forming a quartet that bore his name. The success of this string quartet led to its gradual expansion, and in
1824 Lanner was able to conduct a small string orchestra playing Viennese dance music. Such was the success of his orchestra that it was a regular feature in many Vienna Carnivals or popularly known in the local dialect as the
Fasching. It was in
1832 that Lanner allowed his soon-to-be rival
Johann Strauss I to deputise in a second orchestra that was formed that year to meet the busy schedule of the Carnival activities.
Already Lanner was fast gaining reputation at the end of the
1825 Carnival season and Strauss I was frustrated at having to deputise when necessary and as a result, his works were not getting the recognition he thought it deserved. In the same year, Strauss I parted company with Lanner after a concert at one of the Viennese dance establishments, 'Zum Schwarzen Bock' or the 'Black Ram'. Although many press reports stated a furious encounter between the two composers including a rumor that Strauss forcibly departed the orchestra with a few of Lanner's talented musicians, these remained largely unsubstantiated as Lanner had earlier dedicated a waltz to Strauss entitled
Trennungs-Walzer, op. 19 also known as 'Separation Waltz' which indicated a decent level of goodwill and respect for the craft of the two composers. Further, Lanner and Strauss I worked together often despite having severed their partnership and have even given a
benefit concert for their former employer, Michael Pamer who was taken ill in
1826 at the same establishment where they separated and Strauss and Lanner also accepted the award of the Freedom of the City of Vienna in
1836 and jointly took the Citizen's Oath.
The music-loving Viennese however were championing both of these two popular dance music composers, and individuals generally identified themselves as 'Lannerianer' or 'Straussianer'. In fact, it was believed that the ruling
Habsburg dynasty was anxious to divert its Viennese populace from politics and the revolutionary ideas that were feverishly sweeping
Europe, with many cities preparing to overthrow any unpopular monarch. The answer would be to distract the population with music and entertainment, and the musical positions that Lanner and Strauss held were soon seen to be very important. Lanner himself was appointed to the coveted post of Musik-Direktor of the Redoutensäle in the Imperial
Hofburg of which his primary duties were to conduct concerts held in honor of the nobility.
Strauss' popularity soon overshadowed Lanner in the early 1840s. Strauss was eager to undertake extensive lucrative tours abroad including
England, whereas Lanner held on in
Vienna unconvinced that the other nationalities were prepared to listen to Viennese music.
Lanner succumbed to a
typhus infection that racked
Vienna in
1843 and died on
Good Friday,
14 April in the same year. The famous rivalry with Strauss I had ended and marked a period where the Strausses were to dominate the
Viennese dance music scene for well over a half a century and also introduced an era of interesting and exciting development of the waltz and other popular dance music as Lanner was often seen as the conservative composer who rarely ventured into flamboyant styles of writing dance music as opposed to the influential
Johann Strauss II much later.
Among Lanner's more popular works are the 'Pesther-Walzer' op. 93, 'Hofballtänze Walzer' op. 161, 'Die Werber' Waltz op. 103, 'Die Romantiker' Waltz op. 167 and the most popular 'Die Schönbrunner' Walzer, op. 200, the most famous of all waltzes before the 'Donauwalzer' by
Johann Strauss II in the mid-
1860s. The last two waltzes were dedicated to members of the nobility as evidenced from the titles which was part of the nature of Lanner's position at that time. His 'Styrian Dances' (Steyrische-Tänze) op. 165 was also played occasionally at the
Neujahrskonzert of the
Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra.
He had a lesser-known son,
August Lanner, who was just as musically gifted and prodigious. His daughter Katharina became a well known ballet dancer.
*Neue Wiener,
Ländler ('New Viennese') op. 1
*Trennungs,
waltz ('Separation') op. 19
*Amoretten, waltz op. 53
*Die Humoristiker, waltz ('The Humorists') op. 92
*Pesther-Walzer, op. 93
*Abschied von Pest, waltz ('Farewell from Pest') op. 95
*Die Werber, op. 103
*Hofballtänze, waltz ('Royal Court Dances') op.161
*Steyrische-Tänze ('Styrian Dances') op. 165
*Die Romantiker, waltz ('The Romantics') op.167
*Hans-Jörgel,
polka op. 194
*Die Schönnbruner, waltz op.200
