Juicio a las Juntas
The
Juicio a las Juntas (Spanish,
Trial of the Juntas) was the judicial trial of the members of the
de facto military government that ruled
Argentina during the dictatorship of the
Proceso de Reorganización Nacional, which lasted from 1976 to 1983.
The Trial of the Juntas began on
April 22,
1985, during the presidential administration of
Raúl AlfonsÃn. The main prosecutors were
Julio César Strassera and his assistant
Luis Moreno Ocampo. The trial was presided by a group of six judges: Carlos Arslanián, Jorge Torlasco, Ricardo Gil Lavedra, Andrés D'Alessio, Jorge Valerga Aráoz and Guillermo Ledesma.
The dictatorship was in fact a series of several military governments under four juntas. The 4th Junta, before calling for elections and relinquishing power to the democratic authorities, passed a Self-Amnesty Law and a secret decree that dictated the destruction of much evidence of their past crimes. Two months after his inauguration (
1983-12-13), President AlfonsÃn passed Decree No. 158, mandating the initiation of legal accusations and trial against the nine military officers of the first three juntas (not the 4th).
This trial is so far the only example of such a procedure and in such a scale against a former dictatorial government in
Latin America. It largely succeeded in proving the crimes of the juntas, which included
forced disappearance,
torture and
murder of thousands of people. Most of the top officers who were tried were sentenced to
life imprisonment:
Jorge Rafael Videla,
Emilio Eduardo Massera,
Roberto Eduardo Viola,
Armando Lambruschini,
Raúl Agosti,
Rubén Graffigna,
Leopoldo Galtieri,
Jorge Anaya and
Basilio Lami Dozo. They were later
pardoned by president
Carlos Menem in 1989â€"1990.
*
Ley de Obediencia Debida*
Ley de Punto Final*
Carapintadas
*
Juicio a las Juntas in the
:Spanish Wikipedia.
*
Decree No. 158 - Presidential decree that mandated the prosecution of the juntas.
*
Interview with Julio César Strassera.
* ClarÃn,
2005-12-09.
Un revelador documental recordó el histórico juicio a las Juntas.
