July 12

is the 193rd day (194th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 172 days remaining.

Events

*1191 - Saladin's garrison surrenders, ending the two-year siege of Acre. Conrad of Montferrat, who has negotiated the surrender, raises the banners of the Kingdom of Jerusalem and of the Third Crusade leaders Richard I of England, Philip II of France, and Leopold V of Austria on the city's walls and towers.
*1543 - King Henry VIII of England marries his sixth and last wife, Catherine Parr at Hampton Court Palace.
*1573 - Spanish forces under the Duke of Alba capture Haarlem after a seven month siege.
*1580 - Ostrog Bible, the first printed Bible in a Slavic language, is published.
*1690 - Williamite war in Ireland: Battle of the Boyne (Gregorian calendar) - The army of William III of England defeats that of the deposed King James VII of Scotland and II of England.
*1691 - Williamite war in Ireland: Battle of Aughrim (Julian calendar) - The decisive victory of William's forces in Ireland.
*1759 - Seven Years' War - French and Indian War: British cannons start firing on French at Quebec City, from Lévis, Quebec.
*1806 - Sixteen German imperial states leave the Holy Roman Empire and form the Confederation of the Rhine.
*1812 - War of 1812: The United States invade Canada at Windsor, Ontario.
*1862 - Medal of Honor authorized by the United States Congress.
*1892 - A hidden lake bursts out of a glacier on the side of Mont Blanc, flooding the valley below and killing around 200 villagers and holidaymakers in Saint Gervais.
*1932 - Lambeth Bridge, London, opened by King George V of the United Kingdom.
*1932 - Hedley Verity establishes a first-class record by taking all ten wickets for only ten runs against Nottinghamshire on a pitch affected by a storm.
*1933 - Congress passes the first federal minimum wage law in the United States: 33 cents per hour.
*1943 - World War II: Battle of Prokhorovka - German and Soviet forces engage in largest tank engagement of all time.
*1950 - René Pleven becomes Prime Minister of France.
*1960 - Orlyonok, the main Young Pioneer camp of the Russian SFSR, is founded.
*1960 - Etch A Sketch, the drawing toy goes on sale.
*1967 - Six days of race riots begin in Newark, New Jersey that will claim the lives of 27 people.
*1973 - A fire destroys the entire 6th floor of the National Personnel Records Center of the United States.
*1975 - São Tomé and Príncipe declare independence from Portugal.
*1979 - Disco Demolition Night takes place in Chicago.
*1979 - The island nation of Kiribati declares independence from Great Britain.
*1993 - A magnitude 7.8 earthquake off the shore of Hokkaido, Japan launches a devastating tsunami, killing 202 on the small island of Okushiri.
*2002 - Gay rights: The Superior Court of Ontario orders Ontario to recognize same-sex marriages.
*2004 - Pedro Santana Lopes is officially appointed Prime Minister of Portugal.
*2005 - Prince Albert II is enthroned as ruler of the Principality of Monaco.
*2005 - Thunder Horse, the largest semi-submersible oil platform in the world, is found listing badly after Hurricane Dennis.
*2006 - Hezbollah initiated their Operation True Promise.

Births

*100 BC - Julius Caesar, Roman military and political leader (d. 44 BC)
*1394 - Ashikaga Yoshinori, Japanese shogun (d. 1441)
*1468 - Juan del Encina, Spanish poet and composer
*1596 - Tsar Michael I of Russia (d. 1645)
*1674 - Abigail Williams, American accuser in the Salem witch trials (d. 1765)
*1675 - Evaristo Abaco, Italian composer (d. 1742)
*1730 - Josiah Wedgwood, English potter (d. 1795)
*1803 - Peter Chanel, French priest and saint (d. 1841)
*1807 - Thomas Hawksley, English civil engineer (d. 1893)
*1817 - Henry David Thoreau, American writer and philosopher (d. 1862)
*1824 - Eugène Boudin, French painter (d. 1898)
*1828 - Nikolai Chernyshevsky, Russian philosopher (d. 1889)
*1849 - Sir William Osler, Canadian physician and author (d. 1919)
*1850 - Otto Schoetensack, German anthropologist (d. 1912)
*1852 - Hipólito Yrigoyen, President of Argentina (d. 1933)
*1854 - George Eastman, American inventor (d. 1932)
*1861 - George Washington Carver, American botanist (d. 1943)
*1863 - Paul Karl Ludwig Drude, German physicist (d. 1906)
* 1863 - Albert Calmette, French physician (d. 1933)
*1868 - Stefan George, German poet (d. 1933)
*1870 - Louis II of Monaco (d. 1949)
*1876 - Max Jacob, French poet (d. 1944)
*1880 - Tod Browning, American film director (d. 1962)
*1884 - Amedeo Modigliani, Italian painter and sculptor (d. 1920)
*1886 - Jean Hersholt, Danish film director and actor (d. 1956)
*1892 - Bruno Schulz, Polish writer and painter (d. 1942)
*1895 - Kirstin Flagstad, Norwegian soprano (d. 1962)
* 1895 - Buckminster Fuller, American architect (d. 1983)
* 1895 - Oscar Hammerstein II, American lyricist (d. 1960)
*1904 - Pablo Neruda, Chilean poet, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1973)
*1908 - Milton Berle, American comedian (d. 2002)
*1909 - Joe DeRita, American actor and comedian (d. 1993)
*1913 - Willis Lamb, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
*1917 - Andrew Wyeth, American artist
*1920 - Pierre Berton, Canadian journalist and writer (d. 2004)
* 1920 - Beah Richards, American actress (d. 2000)
*1922 - Mark Hatfield, U.S. Senator from Oregon
*1925 - Roger B. Smith, American automobile executive
*1928 - Elias James Corey, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
*1930 - Gordon Pinsent, Canadian actor, director, and writer
*1932 - Otis Davis, American runner
*1933 - Donald E. Westlake, American author
*1934 - Van Cliburn, American pianist
*1937 - Bill Cosby, American comedian and actor
* 1937 - Lionel Jospin, former Prime Minister of France
*1938 - Wieger Mensonides, Dutch swimmer
* 1938 - Ron Fairly, baseball player
*1942 - Billy Smith, Australian rugby player
*1943 - Christine McVie, British singer, musician, and songwriter (Fleetwood Mac)
* 1943 - Walter Murch, American film editor
*1947 - Gareth Edwards, Welsh rugby player
*1948 - Walter Egan, American singer
* 1948 - Richard Simmons, American fitness trainer
* 1948 - Jay Thomas, American actor
*1951 - Cheryl Ladd, American actress
*1952 - Voja Antonić, Serbian inventor and writer
*1956 - Sandi Patty, American singer
*1962 - Dan Murphy, American guitarist (Soul Asylum)
*1964 - Gaby Roslin, English television presenter
*1965 - Robin Wilson, American singer
*1967 - Richard Herring, English comedian
* 1967 - John Petrucci, American guitar player (Dream Theater)
*1969 - Lisa Nicole Carson, American actress
*1971 - Kristi Yamaguchi, American figure skater
*1972 - Travis Best, American basketball player
* 1972 - Brett Reed, American muscian (Rancid)
*1973 - Magoo, American rapper
* 1973 - Christian Vieri, Italian football player
*1974 - Gregory Helms, American professional wrestler
* 1974 - Sharon den Adel, Dutch singer (Within Temptation)
* 1974 - Stelios Giannakopoulos, Greek footballer
*1976 - Dan Boyle, Canadian Hockey Player, and Olympic Reserve
*1976 - Anna Friel, British actress
* 1976 - Tracie Spencer, American singer
*1977 - Brock Lesnar, American professional wrestler
*1978 - Topher Grace, American actor
* 1978 - Michelle Rodriguez, American actress
*1982 - Antonio Cassano, Italian footballer
*1983 - Megumi Kawamura, Japanese Volleyballer
*1984 - Gareth Gates, British singer
* 1984 - Michael McGovern, Northern Irish footballer
*1985 - Luiz Ejlli, Albanian singer
*1988 - Melissa O'Neil, Canadian singer
*1991 - Erik Per Sullivan, American actor
*1995 - Georgie Henley, English actress

Deaths

* 783 - Bertrada, wife of Pippin III (b. 720)
*1441 - Ashikaga Yoshinori, Japanese shogun (b. 1394)
*1536 - Erasmus, Dutch writer and philosopher
*1584 - Steven Borough, English explorer (b. 1525)
*1664 - Stefano della Bella, Italian printmaker (b. 1610)
*1682 - Jean Picard, French astronomer (b. 1620)
*1693 - John Ashby, English admiral
*1712 - Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland (b. 1626)
*1742 - Evaristo Abaco, Italian composer (b. 1675)
*1749 - Charles de la Boische, Marquis de Beauharnois, Governor of New France
*1773 - Johann Joachim Quantz, German flutist and composer (b. 1697)
*1804 - Alexander Hamilton, 1st United States Secretary of the Treasury (b. 1755)
*1845 - Henrik Wergeland, Norwegian author (b. 1808)
*1910 - Charles Stewart Rolls, British engineer and aviator (b. 1887)
*1918 - Dragutin Lerman, Croatian explorer (b. 1864)
*1926 - Gertrude Bell, English archaeologist, writer, spy, and administrator (b. 1868)
*1931 - Nathan Söderblom, Swedish archbishop, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1866)
*1935 - Alfred Dreyfus, French military officer (b. 1859)
*1944 - Theodore Roosevelt, Jr., American general, Received Medal of Honor, (b. 1887)
*1945 - Wolfram von Richthofen, German field marshal (b. 1895)
*1949 - Douglas Hyde, first President of Ireland (b. 1860)
*1950 - Elsie De Wolfe, American socialite and interior decorator (b. 1865)
*1962 - Roger Wolfe Kahn, American band leader (b. 1907)
*1983 - Chris Wood, British musician, played with Traffic, (b. 1944)
*1996 - John Chancellor, American television journalist (b. 1927)
* 1996 - Jonathan Melvoin, American musician and keyboardist (Smashing Pumpkins) (b. 1961)
*1999 - Bill Owen, British actor (b. 1914)
*2003 - Benny Carter, American musician (b. 1907)
*2004 - Betty Oliphant, co-founder of National Ballet of Canada (b. 1918)

Holidays and observances

* Kiribati - Independence Day.
* Mongolia - Naadam Holiday (2nd day).
* Northern Ireland - Battle of the Boyne Day (also known as Orangemen's Day or the Twelfth, see Irish calendar).
* Newfoundland - Orangemen's Day.
* São Tomé and Príncipe - Independence Day.
* Sunset and sunrise occur along Manhattan's street grid centerline.
* The "center pivot irrigation day" of Colorado.
* RainMaker Day - Salem, OR.
* Sveti apostoli Petar i Pavle - Petrovdan (Sts. Peter and Paul, Foremost of Apostles).

External links

* BBC: On This Day
* Epic Idiot: On This Day

July 11 - July 13 - June 12 - August 12 -- listing of all days