July 7

is the 188th day of the year (189th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 177 days remaining.

Events

*1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death.
*1534 - European colonization of the Americas: First known exchange between Europeans and natives of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, in New Brunswick.
*1543 - French troops invade Luxembourg.
*1668 - Isaac Newton received an MA from Trinity College, Cambridge.
*1777 - American Revolutionary War: Battle of Hubbardton
*1798 - Quasi-War: The U.S. Congress rescinds treaties with France sparking the 'war.'
*1799 - Ranjit Singh's men take up their positions outside Lahore.
*1807 - Napoleonic Wars: Peace of Tilsit between France, Prussia and Russia ends the Fourth Coalition.
*1846 - Mexican War: American troops occupy Monterey and Yerba Buena, thus beginning the United States annexation of California.
*1863 - United States begins first military draft; exemptions cost $100
*1865 - American Civil War: Four conspirators in the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln were hanged.
*1898 - History of United States overseas expansion: President William McKinley signs the Newlands Resolution annexing Hawaii as a territory of the United States.
*1915 - A Great Gorge and International Railway trolley with an extreme overload of 157 passengers crashed near Queenston, Ontario, killing 15.
*1917 - Russian Revolution: Prince Georgy Yevgenyevich Lvov forms Provisional Government in Russia after the deposing of the Tsar Nicholas II.
*1930 - Industrialist Henry J. Kaiser begins construction of the Boulder Dam (now known as Hoover Dam).
*1937 - Sino-Japanese War: Battle of Lugou Bridge - Japanese forces invade Beijing, China.
*1941 - World War II: American forces land in Iceland to forestall an invasion by Germany.
*1946 - Mother Frances Xavier Cabrini becomes the first American to be canonized.
*1946 - Howard Hughes nearly dies when his XF-11 spy plane prototype crashes in a Beverly Hills neighborhood.
*1947 - Downed UFO believed to be found in the Roswell UFO incident.
*1954 - In Memphis, Tennessee, WHBQ becomes the first radio station to air an Elvis Presley record.
*1958 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs the Alaska Statehood Act into United States law.
*1959 - 14:28 UT Venus occults the star Regulus. This rare event was used to determine the diameter of Venus and the structure of the Venusian atmosphere.
*1969 - In Canada, the Official Languages Act is adopted making the French language equal to the English language throughout the Federal government.
*1978 - The Solomon Islands become independent from the United Kingdom.
*1983 - Cold War: Samantha Smith, a U.S. schoolgirl, flies to the Soviet Union at the invitation of Secretary General Yuri Andropov
*1991 - Yugoslav Wars: Brioni Agreement ended ten-day independence war in Slovenia against the rest of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
*1994 - Aden is occupied by troops from North Yemen, completing the reunification of Yemen.
*2002 - A scandal broke out in the United Kingdom when news reports alleged MI6 of sheltering Abu Qatada, the supposed European Al Qaeda leader.
*2003 - The United Communist Party of Armenia was formed.
*2004 - The last patent on the LZW compression algorithm (in Canada) expired.
*2005 - A series of four terrorist explosions occur on London's transport system killing 52 people, plus four suicide bombers.
*2005 - Influenced by Live 8, the G8 leaders pledged to double 2004 levels of aid to Africa from US$25 to US$50 billion by the year 2010.

Births

*1053 - Emperor Shirakawa of Japan (d. 1129)
*1119 - Emperor Sutoku of Japan (d. 1164)
*1586 - Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel, English statesman (d. 1646)
*1746 - Giuseppe Piazzi, Italian astronomer (d. 1826)
*1752 - Joseph-Marie Jacquard, French inventor (d. 1834)
*1766 - Guillaume Philibert Duhesme, French general (d. 1815)
*1843 - Camillo Golgi, Italian physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1926)
*1848 - Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves, President of Brazil (d. 1919)
*1855 - Ludwig Ganghofer, German writer (d. 1920)
*1860 - Gustav Mahler, Austrian composer (d. 1911)
*1884 - Lion Feuchtwanger, German dramatist and narrator (d. 1958)
*1887 - Marc Chagall, Russian-born painter (d. 1985)
*1893 - Miroslav Krleža, Croatian writer (d. 1981)
*1899 - George Cukor, American director (d. 1983)
*1901 - Vittorio De Sica, Italian director (d. 1974)
* 1901 - Sam Katzman, American film producer (d. 1973)
*1902 - Ted "Double Duty" Radcliffe, baseball player (d. 2005)
*1906 - William Feller, Croatian mathematician (d.1970)
* 1906 - Leroy "Satchel" Paige, baseball player (d. 1982)
*1907 - Robert A. Heinlein, American writer (d. 1988)
*1908 - Revilo P. Oliver, American professor (d. 1994)
*1911 - Gian Carlo Menotti, Italian-born composer
*1915 - Yul Brynner, Russian-born actor (d. 1985)
*1917 - Fidel Sánchez Hernández, President of El Salvador (d. 2003)
*1919 - Jon Pertwee, British actor (d. 1996)
*1922 - Pierre Cardin, French fashion designer
*1924 - Mary Ford, American singer teamed with guitarist Les Paul (d. 1977)
*1927 - Doc Severinsen, American composer and musician
*1932 - Josef Zawinul, Austrian composer and musician
*1933 - Murray Halberg, New Zealand runner
* 1933 - David McCullough, American historian and author
*1937 - Tung Chee-Hwa, Hong Kong administrator
*1940 - Ringo Starr, English drummer and singer (The Beatles)
*1941 - Michael Howard, British politician
* 1941 - Bill Oddie, English comedian and ornithologist
*1942 - Carmen Duncan, Australian actress
*1943 - Toto Cutugno, Italian singer
*1945 - Michael Ancram, British politician
*1947 - Howard Rheingold, American author
* 1947 - Rob Townsend, English drummer (Family)
*1949 - Shelley Duvall, American actress
*1955 - Len Barker, Major League Baseball player, pitcher of 10th ever perfect game
*1958 - Prince Rogers Nelson, Recording Artist
*1959 - Ben Linder, American engineer (murdered) (d. 1987)
*1963 - Vonda Shepard, American singer
*1965 - Paula Devicq, Canadian actress
*1966 - Gundula Krause, German folk violinist
*1967 - Jackie Neal, American singer
*1968 - Jeff VanderMeer, American writer
*1969 - Joe Sakic, Canadian hockey player
* 1969 - Cree Summer, Canadian voice actress and singer
*1970 - Wayne McCullough, Irish boxer
* 1970 - Erik Zabel, German cyclist
*1973 - Jose Jimenez, baseball player
*1974 - Karlis Skrastins, Latvian-born hockey player
*1975 - Michael Voss, Australian footballer
*1980 - Deidre Downs, American beauty queen
*1980 - Michelle Kwan, American figure skater
*1981 - Synyster Gates, American musician (Avenged Sevenfold)
*1982 - Mike Glita, American bassist (Senses Fail)
*1988 - Kaci Brown, American singer

Deaths

*1304 - Pope Benedict XI (b. 1240)
*1307 - King Edward I of England (b. 1239)
*1537 - Madeleine de Valois, queen of James V of Scotland (b. 1520)
*1572 - King Sigismund II Augustus of Poland (b. 1520)
*1573 - Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola, Italian architect (b. 1507)
*1647 - Thomas Hooker, Connecticut colonist (b. 1586)
*1663 - Thomas Baltzar, German violinist
*1701 - William Stoughton, American judge at the Salem witch trials (b. 1631)
*1713 - Henry Compton, Bishop of Oxford and privy councillor (b. 1632)
*1764 - William Pulteney, 1st Earl of Bath, English politician (b. 1683)
*1776 - Jeremiah Markland, English classical scholar (b. 1693)
*1790 - François Hemsterhuis, Dutch philosopher (b. 1721)
*1816 - Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Irish playwright and politician (b. 1751)
*1855 - Konstantin Batyushkov, Russian poet (b. 1787)
*1880 - Lydia Child, American novelist and abolitionist (b. 1802)
*1901 - Johanna Spyri, Swiss author (b. 1827)
*1930 - Arthur Conan Doyle, Scottish writer (b. 1859)
*1932 - Alexander Grin, Russian novelist (b. 1880)
*1949 - Bunk Johnson, American musician (b. 1879 or 1889)
*1956 - Gottfried Benn, German poet (b. 1886)
*1964 - Lillian Copeland, American athlete (b. 1904)
*1965 - Moshe Sharett, 2nd Prime Minister of Israel (b. 1894)
*1971 - Claude Gauvreau, Canadian writer (b. 1925)
* 1971 - Ub Iwerks, American artist, director, and cartoonist (b1901)
*1972 - Athenagoras, Patriarch of Constantinople (b. 1886)
* 1972 - King Talal of Jordan (b. 1909)
*1973 - Max Horkheimer, German philosopher and sociologist (b. 1895)
* 1973 - Veronica Lake, American actress (b. 1919)
*1980 - Dore Schary, American film producer and writer (b. 1905)
*1990 - Bill Cullen, American game show host (b. 1920)
*1993 - Mia Zapata, American singer with The Gits (b. 1965)
*2000 - Kenny Irwin, Jr., American race car driver (b. 1969)
*2001 - Fred Neil, American singer-songwriter (b. 1936)
*2003 - Izhak Graziani, Bulgarian-born conductor (b. 1924)
*2006 - Juan de Ávalos, Spanish sculptor (b. 1911)
*2006 - Tom Weir, Scottish climber, author and broadcaster. (b. 1914)
*2006 - Syd Barrett, British musician, former member of Pink Floyd. (b. 1946)

External links

* BBC: On This Day

July 6 - July 8 - June 7 - August 7 -- listing of all days