Jyutping
Jyutping (;
Mandarin Chinese in
Hanyu Pinyin: yuèpīn;
Cantonese Chinese in
Yale: yuhtpīng; Cantonese Chinese in
Jyutping: jyut6ping3; sometimes spelled
Jyutpin) is a
romanization system for
Standard Cantonese developed by the
Linguistic Society of Hong Kong (LSHK) in
1993. Its formal name is
The Linguistic Society of Hong Kong Cantonese Romanization Scheme. The LSHK promotes the use of this romanization system.
The name
Jyutping is a
shorthand consisting of the first
characters of the terms yuèy" (粵語; Cantonese) and pīnyīn (拼音; romanization).
b
巴 | p
怕 | m
媽 | f
花 |
d
" | t
他 | n
那 | l
啦 |
g
家 | k
卡 | ng
牙 | h
蝦 |
gw
" | kw
誇 | w
蛙 | |
z
渣 | c
叉 | s
沙 | j
也 |
aa
沙 | aai
徙 | aau
梢 | aam
三 | aan
山 | aang
坑 | aap
圾 | aat
剎 | aak
客 |
| | ai
西 | au
" | am
心 | an
新 | ang
笙 | ap
濕 | at
失 | ak
塞 |
e
些 | ei
四 | eu
掉 | em
| en
| eng
鄭 | ep
喼 | et
| ek
石 |
i
詩 | | iu
消 | im
閃 | in
先 | ing
星 | ip
" | it
洩 | ik
識 |
o
疏 | oi
開 | ou
蘇 | | on
看 | ong
桑 | | ot
喝 | ok
索 |
u
夫 | ui
灰 | | um
噉 | un
寬 | ung
鬆 | up
| ut
闊 | uk
" |
oe
鋸 | | | | | oeng
商 | | oet
| oek
削 |
| | | eoi
需 | | eon
詢 | | | eot
" | |
yu
書 | | | | yun
孫 | | | yut
雪 | |
| | | | m
"" | | ng
吳 | | | |
* The finals
m and
ng can only be used as standalone
nasal syllables.
There are nine
tones in six distinct
tone contours in Cantonese.
| Tone name | (陰平)¦¦Yīn Shàng
(陰上)> | Yīn Qù
(陰去) | (陽平)¦¦Yáng Shàng
(陽上)> | Yáng Qù
(陽去) | (陰入)¦¦Zhōng Rù
(中入)> | Yáng Rù
(陽入) | | Tone name in English | high level or high falling | mid rising | low falling | low rising | entering high level | entering mid level | entering low level |
|---|
| Contour | 55 / 53 | 33 | 35 | 21 / 11 | 5 | 2 | 3 |
|---|
| Number | 1 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 9 | 8 |
|---|
| Character Example | 分 | " | 粉 | 焚 | 忽 | 佛 | 法 |
|---|
| Example | fan1 | fan3 | fan2 | fan4 | fat7 | faat9 | fat8 |
|---|
Jyutping and the
Yale romanization system represent Cantonese pronunciations with the same letters in:
* The
initials:
b,
p,
m,
f,
d,
t,
n,
l,
g,
k,
ng,
h,
s,
gw,
kw,
w.
* The
vowel:
aa (except when using alone),
a,
e,
i,
o,
u,
yu.
* The
nasal consonant:
m,
ng.
* The
coda:
i,
u,
m,
n,
ng,
p,
t,
k.But they have difference with the following exceptions:
* The
vowels
eo and
oe represent and , respectively, in Jyutping while the
eu represents both vowels in Yale.
* The
initial j represents in Jyutping while
y is used instead in Yale.
* The initial
z represents in Jyutping while
j is used instead in Yale.
* The initial
c represents in Jyutping while
ch is used instead in Yale.
* In Jyutping, if no
consonant precedes the vowel
yu, then the initial
j is appended before the vowel. In Yale, the corresponding initial
y is never appended before
yu under any circumstances.
* Jyutping defines three
finals not in Yale:
eu ,
em , and
ep . These three finals are used in colloquial Cantonese words, such as
deu6 (掉),
lem2 (舐), and
gep6 (夾).
* To represent
tones, only tone numbers are used in Jyutping while Yale originally uses tone marks together with the letter
h (though tone numbers can be used in Yale as well).
Jyutping and the
Standard Cantonese Pinyin represent Cantonese pronunciations with the same letters in:
* The
initials:
b,
p,
m,
f,
d,
t,
n,
l,
g,
k,
ng,
h,
s,
gw,
kw,
j,
w.
* The
vowel:
aa,
a,
e,
i,
o,
u.
* The
nasal consonant:
m,
ng.
* The
coda:
i (except of being the
coda in Jyutping),
u,
m,
n,
ng,
p,
t,
k.But they have difference with the following exceptions:
* The
vowels
oe represent and in Standard Cantonese Pinyin while the
eo and
oe represent and respectively in Jyutping.
* The vowel
y represent in Standard Cantonese Pinyin while both
yu (use in
nucleus) and
i (use in
coda) is used in Jyutping.
* The initial
dz represents in Standard Cantonese Pinyin while
z is used instead in Jyutping.
* The initial
ts represents in Standard Cantonese Pinyin while
c is used instead in Jyutping.
* To represent
tones, number 1 to 9 are usually used in Standard Cantonese Pinyin, although use 1, 3, 6 to replace 7, 8, 9 is acceptable. However, only number 1 to 6 are used in Jyutping.
Try to write an old Chinese poem:
| 春曉 孟浩然 | Ceon1 Hiu2 Maang6 Hou6jin4 |
|春眠不覺曉，| Ceon1 min4 bat1 gok3 hiu2, |
|處處聞啼鳥。| cyu3 cyu3 man4 tai4 niu5. |
|夜來風雨聲，| Je6 loi4 fung1 jyu5 sing1, |
|花落知多少？| faa1 lok6 zi1 do1 siu2? |
*
LSHK Cantonese Romanization Scheme*
Jyutping Pronunciation Guide*
粵語拼盤: Learning the phonetic system of Cantonese
*
Chinese Character Database (Phonologically Disambiguated According to the Cantonese Dialect)*
MDBG free online Chinese-English dictionary (supports both Jyutping and Yale romanization)zh-yue:粵拼
