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Legal systems of the world: Encyclopedia BETA


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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z  Misc

Legal systems of the world

World distribution of major legal traditions

The four major legal systems of the world today consist of civil law, common law, customary law, and religious law. However, each country often develops variations on each system or incorporates many other features into the system.

Civil law

Civil law is the most wide-spead system of law in the world. Countries that base their legal system on a codified civil law include:
Country Description
Albania
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Brazil
Chile
People's Republic of Chinabased on civil law system; derived from Soviet and continental civil code legal principles.
Colombia
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greecebased on codified Roman law
Guatemala
Haiti
Hungary
Italy based on codified Roman law, with elements of the Napoleonic civil code.
Japanmodeled after European civil law system with English-American influence.
Latvia Largely influenced by Germany, medium influences from Russian and Soviet law.
Luxembourg
MacauBased on the Portuguese strand of the continental tradition, itself much influenced by Germany; also influenced by the law of the PRC
MaltaInitially based on Roman Law and eventually progressed to the Code de Rohan, Code Napoleon with influences from Italian Civil Law. British Common Law however is also a source of Maltese Law, namely in Public Law
Mexico
Netherlands
Norway
Panama
Peru
Poland
Portugal
Russia
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Thailand
VietnamCommunist legal theory and French civil law

Common law

Country Description
Australiabased on English common law.
Canadabased on English common law, except in Quebec, where civil law system based on French law prevails.
Hong Kongbased on English common law
Indiabased on English common law, separate personal law codes apply to Muslims, Christians, and Hindus.
Republic of Irelandbased on English common law
New Zealandbased on English common law
Pakistanbased on English Common Law, some Islamic Law applications in inheritance. Tribal Law in FATA.
Singaporebased on English common law.
United KingdomEnglish law (also includes Wales) and Northern Irish law is primarily common law, with early Roman and some modern continental influences. Scotland has its own unique system, Scots law, based on civil law, and generally regarded as mixed.
United Statesfederal court system based on English common law; each state has its own unique legal system, of which all but one (Louisiana's) is based on English common law.

Customary law


*Mongolia
*Sri Lanka

Religious law


*Saudi Arabia
*Iran
*Sudan
*Syria
*Vatican

Mixed (or Pluralistic) Systems

Civil law and common law

Country Description
Argentina
Quebec (Canada)
Louisiana (US)
Scotland (United Kingdom)
South Africa
Seychelles
Mauritius

Civil law and customary law

See also

*Chinese law
*Traditional Chinese law
*Socialist law
*Soviet law
*Tribal sovereignty

External links

* World Legal System, Website of the Faculty of Law of the University of Ottawa
* Australian Institute of Comparative Legal Systems
*[https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/fields/2100.html Factbook list of legal systems]



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