Magnoliales
{{Taxobox
color = lightgreen | name = Magnoliales | image = Magnolia_Watsoni.JPG | image_width = 250px | image_caption = a Magnolia flower, showing all the parts | regnum = Plantae,
magnoliids | ordo = Magnoliales | ordo_authority = Bromhead | subdivision_ranks = Families | subdivision = see text
Magnoliales is a botanical name for an order of flowering plants.
In the APG II system, of 2003, this order is placed in the clade magnoliids and is circumscribed as follows:
* order Magnoliales
*: family Annonaceae
*: family Degeneriaceae
*: family Eupomatiaceae
*: family Himantandraceae
*: family Magnoliaceae
*: family Myristicaceae
This is exactly the same as in the APG system, of 1998. In both these systems, published by the APG, the Magnoliales are a basal group, excluded from the eudicots.
The Cronquist system, of 1981, placed the order in the subclass Magnoliidae of class Magnoliopsida [=dicotyledons] and used this circumscription:
* order Magnoliales
*: family Annonaceae
*: family Austrobaileyaceae
*: family Canellaceae
*: family Degeneriaceae
*: family Eupomatiaceae
*: family Himantandraceae
*: family Lactoridaceae
*: family Magnoliaceae
*: family Myristicaceae
*: family Winteraceae
The Thorne system (1992) placed the order in superorder Magnolianae, of subclass Magnoliidae [= dicotyledons], in the class Magnoliopsida [= angiosperms] and used this circumscription (including the plants placed in order Laurales and Piperales by other systems):
* order Magnoliales
*: family Amborellaceae
*: family Annonaceae
*: family Aristolochiaceae
*: family Austrobaileyaceae
*: family Calycanthaceae
*: family Canellaceae
*: family Chloranthaceae
*: family Degeneriaceae
*: family Eupomatiaceae
*: family Gomortegaceae
*: family Hernandiaceae
*: family Himantandraceae
*: family Illiciaceae
*: family Lactoridaceae
*: family Lauraceae
*: family Magnoliaceae
*: family Monimiaceae
*: family Myristicaceae
*: family Piperaceae
*: family Saururaceae
*: family Schisandraceae
*: family Trimeniaceae
*: family Winteraceae
The Engler system, in its update of 1964, placed the order in subclassis Archychlamydeae in class Dicotyledoneae [=dicotyledons] and used this circumscription:
* order Magnoliales
*: family Amborellaceae
*: family Annonaceae
*: family Austrobaileyaceae
*: family Calycanthaceae
*: family Canellaceae
*: family Cercidiphyllaceae
*: family Degeneriaceae
*: family Eupomatiaceae
*: family Eupteleaceae
*: family Gomortegaceae
*: family Hernandiaceae
*: family Himantandraceae
*: family Illiciaceae
*: family Lauraceae
*: family Magnoliaceae
*: family Monimiaceae
*: family Myristicaceae
*: family Schisandraceae
*: family Trimeniaceae
*: family Tetracentraceae
*: family Trochodendraceae
*: family Winteraceae
The Wettstein system, latest version published in 1935, did not use this name although it had an order with a similar circumscription with the name Polycarpicae. This was placed in the Dialypetalae in subclass Choripetalae of class Dicotyledones.
From the above it will be clear that the plants included in this order by APG have always been seen as related. They have always been placed in the order Magnoliales (or a predecessor). The difference is that earlier systems have also included other plants, which have been moved to neighbouring orders (in the magnoliids) by APG.
|
