Manila
For other meanings of the word, see Manila (disambiguation). Many refer to Manila, but actually mean Metro Manila.
Manila (Filipino: Maynila
) is the capital of the Philippines. The city is located on the eastern shore of Manila Bay on Luzon, the country's largest island. Manila is considered one of the most cosmopolitan cities in the world.
Manila is the hub of a thriving metropolitan area home to over 10 million people. The Metro Manila area also known as the National Capital Region (NCR), of which the City of Manila is a part, is a much bigger metropolis consisting of 17 cities and municipalities. This article discusses the city itself; see Metro Manila for the article on the metropolis.
Manila is the second most populous city proper in the Philippines, with more than 1.5 million inhabitants. Only nearby Quezon City, the country's former capital, is more populous. It is currently included in the roster of global cities of the world.
Manila got its name from may nilad
, Tagalog for "there is nilad," in reference to the flowering mangrove plant that grew on the marshy shores of the bay. In the 16th century, Manila (then Maynilad'') grew from a
Muslim settlement on the banks of the
Pasig River into the seat of the
colonial government of
Spain when it controlled the Philippine Islands for more than three centuries. In 1898 the United States occupied and controlled the archipelago until 1946. During World War II, much of the city was destroyed. The Metropolitan Manila region was enacted as an independent entity in 1975. Today, the city and the metropolis thrives as an important cultural and economic center. However, overpopulation, traffic congestion, pollution, and crime challenge the city.
Manila has been classified as a "Gamma"
global city by the Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network.[
1]
Manila lies at the mouth of the
Pasig River on the eastern shores of
Manila Bay, which is on the western side of
Luzon. It lies about 950 kilometers southeast of
Hong Kong and 2,400 kilometers northeast of
Singapore. The river bisects the city in the middle. Almost all of the city sits on top of centuries of prehistoric
alluvial deposits built by the waters of the Pasig River and on some land reclaimed from Manila Bay. The layout of the city was haphazardly planned during Spanish Era as a set of communities surrounding
Intramuros. Intramuros is the original walled-city of Manila and one of the oldest walled city in the far east. During the American Period, some semblance of city planning using the architectural designs by
Daniel Burnham, was done on the portions of the city south of the Pasig River.
Manila is bordered by several municipalities and cities in
Metro Manila:
Navotas and
Caloocan City to the north,
Quezon City to the northeast,
San Juan and
Mandaluyong City to the east,
Makati City to the southeast, and
Pasay City to the south.
City seal
The Seal of Manila depicts the words
Lungsod ng Maynila and
Pilipinas,
Filipino for
City of Manila and
Philippines, in a circle around a shield. The circle also contains six yellow stars representing the city's six congressional districts. The shield, in the shape of pre-colonial people's shield, depicts the city's nickname
Pearl of the Orient on top; a sea lion in the middle, in reference to the city's Spanish influences; and the waves of the
Pasig River and
Manila Bay in the bottom portion. The colors of the seal mirror that of the
Flag of the Philippines.
Districts
The city is divided into 15 geographical districts. Only one district was not an original town - Port Area. The seven districts north of the Pasig are
Binondo,
Quiapo,
Sampaloc,
San Miguel,
Santa Cruz,
Santa Mesa, and
Tondo.The other eight are
Ermita,
Intramuros,
Malate,
Paco,
Pandacan,
Port Area,
San Andres Bukid, and
Santa Ana. San Andres was previously part of Santa Ana, and Santa Mesa was once a part of Sampaloc.
All of these districts, with the exception of Port Area, have their own churches, and several of these districts have achieved recognition in their own right. The district of Binondo is the city's
Chinatown. Tondo is the densest, largest but poorest, while the districts of Ermita and Malate are well-known and popular with tourists, having many bars, restaurants, five-star hotels, and shopping malls.
Parks and open areas
Directly south of Intramuros lies
Rizal Park, the country's most significant park. Also known as
Luneta (Spanish term for "crescent or moon") and previously as
Bagumbayan, the 60 hectare Rizal Park sits on the site where
José Rizal, the country's national hero, was executed by the Spaniards on charges of subversion. A monument stands in his honor where Rizal's remains were buried. The big flagpole west of the Rizal Monument is Kilometer Zero for road distances on the island of
Luzon and the rest of the country.
Other attractions in Rizal Park include the Chinese and Japanese Gardens, the Department of Tourism building, the National Museum of the Filipino People, The
National Library of the Philippines, the Planetarium, the Orchidarium and Butterfly Pavilion, an open-air auditorium for cultural performances, a relief map of the Philippines, a fountain area, a children's lagoon, a chess plaza, a light and sound presentation, and the Quirino Grandstand.
|
Baywalk along Roxas Boulveard. |
Another famous open space in Manila is the
Baywalk. This promenade lies in front of the Manila Bay where one can experience one of the most breathtaking sunsets of the world. Coconut trees, giant kaleidoscopic lamp posts, al fresco cafès and restaurants, and live acoustic bands dot this two-kilometer stretch of ample space beside Roxas Boulevard.
Aside from Rizal Park, Manila has very few other open public spaces. Rajah Sulayman Park, Manila Boardwalk, Liwasang Bonifacio, Plaza Miranda, Paco Park, Remedios Circle, Manila Zoological and Botanical Garden, and the Malacañang Garden are some of the other parks in the city. In the northern most part of the city lies the three cemeteries of Loyola, Chinese, and Manila North Green Park, the largest public cemetery in Metropolitan Manila.
Demographics
Ethnic groups
|
The entrance to Manila's China Town. |
As what was mentioned above, Manila is one of the most Cosmopolitan Cities in the World. The original settlers of Manila were the
Tagalogs. Throughout the centuries, there has been a constant migration of
Visayans,
Bicolanos,
Ilocanos,
Maranaos,
Chinese and
Spaniards. There are also
Americans,
Arabs,
Indonesians,
Indians, and
Koreans in Manila. Intermarriage between ethnic groups is not uncommon in the Philippines. But unlike other cosmopolitan cities, Manila does not divide itself into areas where people of the same ancestry live together, separated from the others. A
Tagalog lives beside a
Visayan, who at the same time is living beside a
Chinese.
Population density
With a population of 1,581,082 and a land area of 38.55 km², it has the highest population density of any major city in the world with 41,014 people/km² (with district 6 being the most dense with 68,266, followed by the first two districts (Tondo) with 64,936 and 64,710, respectively, and district 5 being the least dense with 19,235). A million more transients are added during daytime as students and workers come to the city.
|
Aerial view of Manila with the South Luzon Expressway in the foreground. |
Manila's population density dwarfs that of
Paris (20,164 inhabitants per km²),
Shanghai (16,364 people/km², with its most dense district of Nanshi's 56,785 density),
Buenos Aires (2,179 people/km², with its most dense inner suburb Lanus' 10,444 density),
Tokyo (10,087 people/km²),
Mexico City (11,700 people/km²), and
Istanbul (1,878 people/km², with its most dense district Fatih's 48,173 density).
Languages
The main language is
Filipino, the
lingua franca of the Metro Manila region, which is based on
Tagalog. In addition, many Manileños are very proficient in
English, which attracts English students, and this fuels a
Call Centre industry. A small percentage of the population is fluent in
Spanish, owing to Manila's Spanish heritage.
Religion
Roman Catholicism
Manila is the seat of the
Archdiocese of Manila and the
Primate of the Philippines. Being the seat of the Spanish colonial government in past centuries, it has been used as the base of numerous Roman Catholic missions to the Philippines. Among the religious orders that have gone to the Philippines include the
Dominicans, the
Jesuits, the
Franciscans, and the
Augustinians (which includes the Recollects).
Intramuros is currently the seat of the
Archdiocese of Manila, the oldest archdiocese in the country. The archdiocese's offices is located in the
Manila Cathedral (Minor Basilica of the Immaculate Conception) in Intramuros.
|
Interior of San Agustin Cathedral, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. |
Other notable churches and cathedrals in the city include
San Agustin Church in Intramuros, a
UN World Heritage Site is a favorite wedding place of notable people and one of two fully air-conditioned churches in the city;
Quiapo Church, also known as the Minor Basilica of the Black Nazarene, site of the annual January Black Nazarene procession; Binondo Church, also known as Minor Basilica of St. Lorenzo Ruiz; Malate Church (Our Lady of Remedios Church); and San Sebastian Church or the Minor Basilica of San Sebastian, the only all-steel church in Gothic style in Asia. Many of the other districts of Manila have their own notable churches.
Other faiths
The Quiapo district is home to a sizable Muslim population in Manila, and The Golden Mosque is located there. In Ermita is a large Hindu temple for the Indian population, while on U.N. Avenue, there is a Sikh Temple. In Malate, along Quirino Avenue, there once was a synagogue for the small Jewish community in the Philippines. (See
Jews in the Philippines.)
Education and culture
Manila is home to majority of the colleges and universities in Metro Manila. The University Belt or
U-Belt, informally located in the districts of Malate, Ermita, Intramuros, Paco, San Miquel, Quiapo, and Sampaloc is the colloquial term for the high number of institutions of higher education that are located in the city. Among them are
De La Salle University-Manila, the
University of the Philippines - Manila, the
University of Santo Tomas and
Centro Escolar University. Other notable institutions include the
Colegio de San Juan de Letran, the
Far Eastern University, the
Mapua Institute of Technology,
San Beda College,
St. Paul University Manila, the city-owned
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, the
Polytechnic University of the Philippines, and the
University of the East. Manila is also home to several popular basic education institutions and science high schools.
Educational institutions
*
Adamson University*
Arellano University*
Centro Escolar University*
Colegio de San Juan de Letran*
College of the Holy Spirit*
De La Salle-College of Saint Benilde*
De La Salle University-Manila*
Eulogio Amang Rodriguez Institute of Science and Technology*
Emilio Aguinaldo College*
Esteban Abada High School*
Far Eastern University*
FEATI University*
La Concordia College*
La Consolacion College*
Lyceum of the Philippines*Manila High School
*
Manila Science High School*
Manuel L. Quezon University*
Mapua Institute of Technology*
National College of Business and Arts*
National Teachers College*
National University*
Paco Catholic School*
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila*
Philippine Christian University*
Philippine Cultural High School*
Philippine Normal University*
Philippine Women's University *
Polytechnic University of the Philippines*
San Beda College*
San Sebastian College - Recoletos*
St. Joseph's School - Pandacan*
St. Jude Catholic School - Manila*
St. Paul University - Manila *
St. Scholastica's College *
Technological Institute of the Philippines *
Technological University of the Philippines*
Trinity College*
Universidad de Manila *
University of Manila*
University of Santo Tomas*
University of the East*
University of the Philippines, Manila*Manuel A. Roxas High School
The
National Museum of the Philippines, where the
Spoliarium of
Juan Luna is housed, the Metropolitan Museum, the Museong Pambata (Children's Museum), as well as the
National Library of the Philippines is also in Manila, located within Rizal Park.
Commerce
Every district in the city with the exception of Port Area has its own public market, locally called the
pamilihang bayan. Public markets are often divided into two, the dry goods section and the wet goods section. Commerce in these public markets is lively, especially in the early morning. Under the urban renewal program of the incumbent administration, some of the public markets had been refurbished and given a fresher look, like the Sta. Ana public market. It is one of the more advanced markets in the city featuring a modern 2-story building with an escalator.
The tropical climate in Manila plus the facilities of its world-class malls continue to attract Filipinos to the shopping malls. Modern shopping malls dot the city especially in the areas of Malate and Ermita. SM City Manila, part of the country's largest chain of malls, stands behind the Manila City Hall. One of the popular malls that lies at the heart of Manila is Robinson's Place Ermita. In the southern part of the city in Malate district is Harrison Plaza, one of the city's oldest shopping malls.
|
Ermita district, center of Manila's nightlife. |
For the adventurous shoppers, you may venture beyond the hotel/shopping complex package and combine other interesting destinations for cheap buys such as in Divisoria and Quiapo districts. Bargaining is the major part of your shopping experience when you pass by on these areas, as it sells goods at rock-bottom prices. In Divisoria, there is already a shopping mall that caters to the adventurous shoppers. Tutuban Center in Divisoria gives a little comfort to the shoppers as it offers air-conditioned mall, but the price of the goods here is still very similar to the goods bought outside. In Quiapo, one unique spot is the marketplace under the bridge. It sells indigenous Filipino crafts and delicacies. Raon Center is famous for its cheap electronic products. Though through the changing times, department stores began sprouting the Quiapo area, but still the flea market of Quiapo is still vibrant and very much popular among the average Filipinos.
Manufacturing
Air
|
A View of the Manila Skyline from NAIA. |
Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA) outside the city proper serves Manila and the metro area, over 30 airlines provide daily service to over 26 cities and 19 countries worldwide. Approximately 14 million travellers use NAIA a year straining what was originally a domestic airport built in the 1930's, that a second airport, the Terminal 2 or the Centennial Airport was built with American, Korean, Japanese & German investments and opened in October 1999. The International flag-carrier
Philippine Airlines now uses this terminal for both its domestic and international and while all other international flights use NAIA
Air Philippines is in the transition to the newer Terminal alongside PAL.
There is a small domestic airport approximately 1.5 miles from NAIA on Domestic Road that is the main hub of
Asian Spirit,
Cebu Pacific,
South East Asian Airlines and
Air Philippines(soon to be in the T2). These regional carriers use
Boeing 737 &
757 alongside
A320 and
DC-9-30 airplanes as well as small two-engine propeller planes. The domestic airport serves every major city throughout the Philippines from 5am to 8pm daily.
Roads
|
Aerial view of Metro Manila with a major expressway snaking through. |
Main Article:
Major roads in Metro ManilaThe main roads of Metro Manila are organized around a set of radial and circumferential roads that radiate and circle in and around Manila proper. Roxas Boulevard, easily the most well-known of Manila's streets, line the southern shores of Manila with Manila Bay. The boulevard is part of the
Radial Road 1 that leads south to the province of
Cavite. Another well-known radial road is España Boulevard (part of
Radial Road 7) that starts in Quiapo and ends at the Welcome Rotunda along the border with Quezon City. Pres. Sergio Osmeña Sr. Highway, part of the
South Luzon Expressway or
Radial Road 3 is the most important highway linking Manila with the provinces of southern Luzon.
The most common types of public transportation are buses and the
jeepney.
Tricycles are used for short distances. Pedicabs are biciycles attached with sidecars, where the drivers uses foot pedals to propel the vehicle.
The Pasig River is crossed by a number of bridges in Manila. Eastward they are Roxas Bridge (commonly referred to as the Del Pan Bridge), Jones Bridge, McArthur Bridge, Quezon Bridge, Ayala Bridge, Nagtahan Bridge (also known as Mabini Bridge), Pandacan Bridge, and Lambingan Bridge.
Railways
|
An MRT-2 train headed towards Santolan depot |
Manila is the hub of a railway system on Luzon. The main terminal of the
Philippine National Railways is in the Tondo district. Railways extend from this terminal north to the city of
San Fernando in
Pampanga and south to
Legazpi City in
Albay, though only the southern railway is currently in operation.
Manila is also serviced by the
Manila Light Rail Transit System along the length of Taft Avenue (R-2) and Rizal Avenue (R-9). A second line runs along Ramon Magsaysay Blvd (R-6) from Santa Cruz, through
Quezon City, up to Santolan in
Pasig City.
These are the major rail systems, with their station within Manila:
*LRT 1: R. Papa, J. Abad Santos, Blumentritt, Tayuman, Bambang, D. Jose, Carriedo, Central Station, UN Ave., P. Gil, Quirino Ave, and Vito Cruz
*LRT 2: C.M. Recto, Legarda, Pureza and V. Mapa
*PNR: Vito Cruz, Herran, Pandacan, Sta. Mesa, Espana, Laong Laan, Blumentritt and Tutuban.
Seaports and piers
|
A dramatic sunset at Manila Bay |
The City of Manila is the chief seaport of the Philippines. North Harbor and South Harbor experience busy periods during long holidays such as
Holy Week,
All Saints Day and the
Christmas holidays.
Communication
Public services
Manila is part of the service areas of electric utility
Meralco and water utility
Maynilad Water Services, Inc. The city's telecommunications systems are provided by
PLDT, Eastern Telecoms,
Bayantel and cellular networks
Smart Communications,
Globe Telecom and
Sun Cellular.
Like all
cities of the Philippines, Manila is governed by a mayor who heads the executive department of the city. The current mayor for the 2004-2007 term is Joselito "Lito" L. Atienza, Jr., who has been re-elected for his third term in the 2004 elections. The city mayor is restricted for three consecutive terms (nine years), although he can be elected again after an interruption of one term.
A vice-mayor heads the legislative arm which is composed of the elected city councilors, six from each of the city's six congressional districts.
The city is divided into 897
barangays, which are the smallest unit of local government in the Philippines. Each barangay has its own chairperson and councilors. For administrative convenience, all the barangays in Manila are grouped into 100 zones and which are further grouped into 16 administrative districts. These zones and districts have no form of local government.
The city further has six representatives popularly elected to the
House of Representatives, the lower legislative branch of the Philippines. Each representative represents one of the six congressional districts of Manila.
[[Image:Ph_map_manila_large.png|thumb|200px|Map of Manila (click for larger version)]]
General landmarks
*
Rizal Park, also known as
Luneta*
Intramuros, the walled city built by the Spaniards, originally considered to be the City of Manila
*
Fort Santiago*
Malacañang Palace, the official residence of the
President of the Philippines*The
Supreme Court of the Philippines*Plaza Miranda
*Manila Baywalk
*Rajah Sulayman Park
*Manila Boardwalk
*Ermita and Malate Districts, a place for Bohemian night life
*Manila Zoological and Botanical Garden (Manila Zoo)
*National Library of the Philippines
*Paco Park, the location of the hit
Paco Park Presents*University Belt Area
*Chinatown (Binondo district)
Malls and shopping centers
|
The Avenida Rizal Pedestrian Shopping Strip, a popular place for shopping |
*SM City Manila
*SM Department Store Quiapo
*SM City San Lazaro
*Robinson's Place - Manila
*Harrison Plaza (SM Harrison; Shopwise; Rustan's)
*Ever Gotesco Manila Plaza (Recto)
*Isetann Department Store (Recto and Quiapo)
*Divisoria Flea Market
*168 Shopping Mall
*Tutuban Center (Cluster Building, Centermall & Primeblock)
*Quiapo Bargain Center, home for endless bargain goods
*Palengke or Pamilihan sa ilalim ng tulay (literally means "a marketplace under the bridge), a center for indigenous Filipino products
Places of worship
|
Plaza de Roma, Grounds of Manila Cathedral. |
*Minor Basilica of the Immaculate Conception (
Manila Cathedral)
*Minor Basilica of the Black Nazarene (Quiapo Church)
*
San Agustin Church*Minor Basilica of St. Lorenzo Ruiz (Binondo Church)
*Our Lady of Remedios Church (Malate Church)
*Minor Basilica of San Sebastian (San Sebastian Church), the only all-steel church in
Gothic style in Asia
*Santa Cruz Church
*Archdiocesan Shrine of St. Jude Thaddeus
*Golden Mosque (Quiapo, Manila)
*Chinese Temple (Binondo, Manila)
*Hindu Temple (Paco, Manila)
*San Fernando de Dilao Parish Church (Paco, Manila)
*Sto. Niño Parish Church (Pandacan, Manila)
Sporting venues
*
Rizal Memorial Sports Complex (RMSC)
*San Andres Gym (foremrly Mail and More Arena, the home of the
Manila MetroStars.)
Museums
*
Bahay Tsinoy*Intramuros Light and Sound Museum
*Museo ng Maynila (Museum of Manila)
*National Museum of the Filipino People
*Museo Pambata (Children's Museum)
*The Museum - De La Salle University-Manila
*UST Museum of Arts and Sciences
Cemeteries
*Chinese Cemetery
*La Loma Cemetery
*Manila American Cemetery and Memorial
*Manila North Cemetery
Roads
*
España Boulevard*
Mendiola Street*
Rizal Avenue*
Taft Avenue*
Claro M. Recto Avenue*
Quezon Boulevard*
Roxas BoulevardPre-Spanish times
|
Gate of Fuerza de Santiago. |
Manila began as a Muslim settlement at the mouth of the
Pasig River along the shores of
Manila Bay. The name came from the term
maynilad, literally "there is nilad." Nilad is a white-flowered mangrove plant that grew in abundance in the area.
In the mid-16th century, the areas in present-day Manila was governed by three
rajahs, or Muslim community leaders. They were
Rajah Sulayman and
Rajah Matanda who ruled the communities south of the Pasig, and
Rajah Lakandula who ruled the community north of the river. Manila was then the northernmost Muslim sultanate in the islands. It held ties with the sultanates of
Brunei,
Sulu, and
Ternate in
Cavite.
Spanish rule
In 1570, a
Spanish expedition ordered by the
conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi demanded the conquest of Manila. His second on command,
Martín de Goiti departed from
Cebu and arrived in Manila. The Muslim
Tagalogs welcomed the foreigners, but Goiti had other plans. The Spanish force of 300 soldiers marched through Manila and a battle was fought with the heavily armed Spaniards quickly defeating and crushing the native settlements to the ground. Legazpi and his men followed the next year and made a peace pact with the three rajahs and organized a city council consisting of two mayors, 12 councilors, and a secretary. A walled City known as
Intramuros, at the southern banks of
Pasig River was built to protect the Spanish colonizers. On
June 10,
1574,
King Philip II of Spain gave Manila the title of
Insigne y Siempre Leal Ciudad ("Distinguished and Ever Loyal City"). In 1595, Manila was proclaimed as the capital of the Philippine Islands and became a center of the trans-Pacific
silver trade for more than three centuries.
|
Colonial house in the Intramuros. |
British occupation
There was a brief British occupation of Manila from
1762-
1764 as a result of the
Seven Years' War, which was fought between
France and
England. Spain became a British enemy when it sided with France due to ties between their royal families. The British Occupation was confined to Manila and
Cavite while
Simón de Anda y Salazar, acting as a
de facto Spanish governor general, kept the countryside for Spain with the help of Filipino soldiers. The Indian soldiers known as
Sepoys, who came with the British, deserted in droves and settled in
Cainta, Rizal, and explains the uniquely Indian features of generations of Cainta residents. French mercenaries who came with the British also settled in various locations around Manila.
[Fish, S. (2003). When Britain Ruled the Philippines 1762-1764. Milton Keynes, UK: Lightning Source, Inc. ]U.S. occupation
U.S. Troops invaded Manila in
1898 and waged war with the Spaniards and Filipinos in the
Spanish-American War and the
Philippine-American War. Following the defeat of Spain, U.S. forces took control of the city and the islands. In the
Treaty of Paris in 1898, Spain handed over the Philippines to the United States of America for
US$ 20,000,000 and ending 377 years of Spanish rule in the islands.
The headquarters for
USAFFE were located here as were the
U.S. 31st Infantry Regiment and the
U.S. 808th Military Police Company. The headquarters and bulk of the
Philippine Division was located just to the south, at
Fort William McKinley. The headquarters for the
Far East Air Force was on the outskirts of town, at
Nielson Field. Nearby, at
Nichols Field was the
U.S. 20th Air Base Group. A battalion of the
U.S. 12th Quartermaster Regiment was located in the port area and training was conducted there for quartermasters of the
Philippine Army.
There were 6
airfields, for the
Far East Air Force, within 130 km of Manila, notably
Clark,
Nichols, and
Nielson fields. All U.S. military and airforce bases was closed down in 1992.
World War II
After American combat units were ordered withdrawn from the city on
December 31 ,
1941, Manila was declared an open city by President
Manuel L. Quezon and was occupied by
Japanese forces on
January 2,
1942, but on
February 5,
1945 American General
Douglas MacArthur fulfilled a promise to return to the Philippines (see
Battle of Leyte). From
February 3 to
March 3, after the climactic battle at Intramuros ended, the thoroughly devastated city of Manila was officially
liberated. Allied troops did not reach the city in time to prevent the
Manila Massacre though. Ironically, the
carpet-bombing of Manila and the relentless shell-bombings by the Americans killed many more than the Japanese atrocities as they fled desperately.
Manila and security
Manila has been subject to militant attacks. The metropolis have been targeted twice by groups
Moro Islamic Liberation Front and
Abu Sayyaf. In addition,
Al-Qaida cells have been discovered in the metropolis.
Project Bojinka, which was a large-scale attack being planned in late 1994 and early 1995, was being planned in Manila. The project was abandoned after the night of
January 6, 1995 and the morning of
January 7, when an apartment fire led investigators to a laptop computer containing the plans.
Manila has seven
sister cities, as designated by
Sister Cities International, Inc. (SCI):
*
Sacramento,
California,
USA*
San Francisco,
California,
USA*
Maui County,
Hawaii,
USA*
Honolulu City and County,
Hawaii,
USAOther sister cities include:
*
Guam,
USA (1973)
*
Bangkok,
Thailand*
Winnipeg, Manitoba,
Canada*
Haifa, Israel*
Guangzhou, China
*
Makati Map: An interactive flash map of Makati, street-finder and key locations.
*
Official Website of Manila*
Satellite picture by Google Maps*
Philippine Stock Market Forum of Finance Manila
