Microsoft Exchange Server
Microsoft Exchange Server is a messaging and
collaborative software product developed by
Microsoft. It is part of the
Windows Server System line of
server products. Microsoft Exchange Server is widely used by enterprises using Microsoft infrastructure solutions. Among other things, Microsoft Exchange manages
electronic mail, shared calendars and tasks, provides full support for mobile and web-based access to information, and can support very large amounts of data storage. It is positioned as a rival to the
Lotus Notes / Domino server from
IBM and competes with a number of competitors such as
Kolab,
Scalix,
Open-Xchange,
exchange4linux,
Zimbra,
Zarafa and
EGroupWare /
PhpGroupWare.
The current version of Exchange is 2003 SP2. It can be run on
Windows 2000 Server (only if
Service Pack 4 is first installed) and
Windows Server 2003, although some new features only work with the latter. Like Windows Server 2003, Exchange 2003 has many compatibility modes to allow users to slowly migrate to the new system. This is useful in large companies with distributed Exchange environments who cannot afford the downtime and expense that comes with a complete migration.
One of the new features in Exchange 2003 is enhanced disaster recovery, which allows administrators to bring the server online quicker. This is done by allowing the server to send and receive mail while the message stores are being recovered from backup. Some features previously available in the Microsoft
Mobile Information Server 2001/2002 products have been added to the core Exchange product, like
Outlook Mobile Access and
Server ActiveSync, while the Mobile Information Server product itself has been dropped. Better anti-virus and anti-spam protection have also been added, both by providing built-in APIs that facilitate filtering software and built-in support for the basic methods of sender-IP, reverse DNS ("Sender ID" framework), and RBL filtering which were standard on other open source and *nix-based mail servers (more info in "Exchange 2003 Anti-Spam Filtering" section, below); also new is the ability to drop inbound e-mail before being processed. There are also improved message and mailbox management tools, which allow administrators to execute common chores more quickly. Others, such as Exchange Conferencing Server have been extracted completely in order to form separate products. Microsoft now appears to be positioning a combination of
Microsoft Office,
Live Meeting and
Sharepoint as its collaboration software of choice. Exchange is now to be simply email and calendaring.
Exchange 2003 is available in two versions, Standard Edition and Enterprise Edition. Standard Edition supports one message database per server, and supports databases up to 16 GB in size. Beginning with the release of
Service Pack 2, Standard Edition allows a maximum database size of 75 GB, but only supports 18 GB by default; a
registry change is necessary to make the database size either larger or smaller than the new default 18GB size. Enterprise Edition allows a 8 TB maximum database size, and supports up to 20 databases per server.
Exchange 2003 is included with both Microsoft Small Business Server 2003 Standard & Premium.
Microsoft Exchange Server uses a
proprietary RPC protocol, of which only the
API is documented (see
MAPI). It was designed to be used by the
Microsoft Outlook client. Email hosted on an Exchange server can be accessed using
POP3 and
IMAP4, with clients such as
Mozilla Thunderbird and
Lotus Notes. Both
Microsoft Outlook and
Novell Evolution are clients capable of using the advanced features of Exchange Server,
Microsoft Entourage for Mac also has most of the advanced features implemented in the latest version. Exchange accounts can also be accessed through a web browser, known as
Outlook Web Access (OWA). Exchange 2003 also features a WAP version of OWA, called Outlook Mobile Access (OMA).
Coupled with
Windows Mobile 5.0 and SP2, Exchange Server 2003 supports "pushing" email to mobile devices - similar to the operation of
BlackBerry devices: More info, http://www.microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/exchange/2003/sp2mobility.mspx and http://www.palmblvd.com/articles/2005/10/2005-10-19-Microsoft-Looks-to.html
Unlike Exchange Server 2000, Exchange Server 2003 no longer ships instant messaging for internal corporate systems. Microsoft released
Live Communication Server to provide those services instead.
Exchange 2003 Anti-Spam Filtering:Exchange 2003 added several basic filtering methods to Exchange. They are not sophisticated enough to eliminate (or even significantly reduce) spam, but they can protect against DoS and mailbox flooding attacks. Exchange 2000 supported the ability to block a sender's address, or URL by adding *@url.com, which is still supported in the 2003 server. Added filtering methods in Exchange 2003 are:
* Connection filtering - messages are blocked from DNS RBL lists (info here http://www.msexchange.org/tutorials/Blacklist_Support_Exchange_2003.html) or from manually specified IP address/range
* Recipient filtering - messages blocked when sent to manually specified recipients on the server (for intranet-only addresses) or to any recipients not on the server (stopping spammers from address harvesting)
* Sender ID filtering -
Sender ID* Intelligent Message Filter - A free Microsoft add-on that uses heuristic message analysis to block messages or direct them to the "Junk E-Mail" folder in Microsoft Outlook clients, more info: http://www.microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/exchange/downloads/2003/imf/default.mspx
Exchange Enterprise Edition supports clustering of up to 4 nodes when using Windows 2000 Server, and up to 8 nodes with Windows Server 2003. Exchange 2003 also introduced Active/Active clustering, but for two node clusters only. In this setup, both servers in the cluster are allowed to be active simultaneously. This is opposed to Exchange's more common Active/Passive mode in which the failover servers in any cluster node cannot be used at all while their corresponding home servers are active. They must wait, inactive, for the home servers in the node to fail. Subsequent performance issues with Active/Active mode have led
Microsoft to recommend that it should no longer be used. In fact, Active/Active mode may well be removed from the next release of Exchange altogether.
Exchange's clustering (Active/Active or Active/Passive mode) has been criticised because of its requirement for servers in the cluster nodes to share the same physical data. The clustering in Exchange
provides redundancy for Exchange as an application, but not for Exchange data. In this scenario, the data can be regarded as a
single point of failure, despite
Microsoft's description of this set up as a "Shared Nothing" model.
For some time after the release of Exchange 2003, Microsoft's future plans for the product were not known. Edge Services, an add-on for the main product, was to have been released sometime in 2005 but was dropped.
The new version, Exchange 2007, is to be released on DVD only in early 2007. It is to include voice mail integration, better search and support for Web services. The company also
announced that the new version would run on 64-bit version of Windows only, pointing out the substantial performance benefits that 64-bit brings to the product. However, companies currently running Exchange on 32-bit hardware will be forced to replace it if they wish to upgrade to the new version. Even those companies that are currently running Exchange on 64-bit capable hardware will still need to upgrade their server operating system simultaneously with the Exchange 2007 upgrade. This is because
Exchange 2003 cannot be installed on Windows 2003 64-bit.
The first beta of Exchange 2007 (then codenamed "E12") was released in December 2005 to a very limited number of beta testers. A wider beta was made available via TechNet Plus and MSDN subscriptions in March 2006 according to the Microsoft Exchange team blog, "
You had me at EHLO.".
On
April 25 2006, Microsoft announced that the next version of Exchange would be called
Exchange Server 2007. More details about Exchange Server 2007 can be found at the
Exchange Preview Website. This site has information about this version of Exchange and outlines key improvements in three areas:
*Protection: anti-spam, antivirus, compliance, clustering with data replication, improved security and encryption
*Improved Information Worker Access: improved calendaring, unified messaging, improved mobility, improved web access
*Improved IT Experience: 64-bit performance & scalability, command-line shell & simplified GUI, improved deployment, role separation, simplified routing
The second,
public beta of Exchange 2007 was released to a worldwide audience in July of 2006.
You had me at EHLO.
The original version of Exchange was envisioned as an
x.400-based mail server that also supported the
x.500 directory standard. This product replaced the
Microsoft Mail product originally acquired from Network Courier. Exchange was a client server based mail system that used a single database store. The Exchange 4.0 Directory formed the initial foundation for Microsoft's
Active Directory service, an
LDAP-compliant directory server. Active Directory was later integrated into
Windows 2000 as the foundation of
Windows Server domains.
Exchange 5.5 was sold in two editions, Standard ("5.5/S") and Enterprise ("5.5/E"). They differ in database store size, "connectors," and clustering capabilities. The Standard edition has a database size limitation of 16GB (just like earlier version of Exchange Server), the Enterprise edition has a limit of 8TB - effectively unlimited for all practical purposes. The Standard edition is packaged with a Site Connector, MS Mail Connector, cc: Mail Connector, MS Notes Connector, Internet Mail Service, and Internet News Connector. The Enterprise edition adds on top of that: PROFS,
X.400, and SNADS Connectors. The Enterprise edition can be clustered, while Standard cannot.
Exchange 2000 overcame many of the limitations of its predecessors, Exchange 4.0 and 5.5. For example, it raised the maximum sizes of databases and increased the number of servers in a cluster from two to four. However, many customers were deterred from upgrading by the requirement for a full Microsoft Active Directory infrastructure to be in place. This, in turn, required upgrading a company's servers to Windows 2000. Some customers opted to stay on a combination of Exchange 5.5 and
Windows NT, both of which are no longer supported by Microsoft.
Like Windows Server products, Exchange requires Client Access Licenses, which are different from Windows CALs. However, you do not need Windows Server CALs for users only accessing the Exchange server software on each Exchange server. Most corporate license agreements include Exchange CALs.
There are alternatives to Microsoft Exchange. A few that are most well-known are:
*
Lotus Notes*
Novell GroupWise*
Open-Xchange*
OpenGroupware.org*
Windows Server System*
"Active Directory LDAP Compliance" Microsoft Corporation, December 2, 2003. Retrieved November 2, 2005.
*
Microsoft Exchange Server for IT Pros (English)*
Microsoft Exchange Server for IT Pros (French)*
Microsoft Exchange*
MSExchange.org - The leading Exchange Server resource site
*
MessagingTalk.org - Messaging resource site
*
You had me at EHLO - The Exchange Team Blog
*
Microsoft Exchange Experts - Exchange developer community for tutorial posts and discussions.
*
Exchange Cookbook web site - companion web site to the Exchange Server Cookbook from
O'Reilly Media*
Microsoft Exchange Collaboration Portlets - JSR168 complaint portlets to integrate MS Exchange to Enterprise Portals.
*
WebDAV .NET for Exchange - WebDAV client API for .NET Framework and .NET Compact Framework
*
Java Exchange Interoperability: J-Integra - Java Exchange interoperability tools to provide complete access to Microsoft Exchange from Java
*
Live Communications Server
