Murashige and Skoog medium

Murashige and Skoog medium or (MSO or MS0 (MS-zero)) is a plant growth medium used in the laboratories for cultivation of plant cell culture. MSO was invented by plant scientists Toshio Murashige and Folke K Skoog during Murashige's search for a new plant growth regulator.

Macronutrients (mg/l)
Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) 1,650mg/l
Boric Acid (H3BO3) 6.2mg/l

Calcium chloride (CaCl2*H2O) 440mg/l
Colbalt chloride (CoCl2*6H2O) 0.025mg/l

Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4*7H2O) 370mg/l
Cupric Sulfate (CuSO4*5H2O) 0.025mg/l

Potassium phosphate (KH2PO4) 170mg/l
Ferrous sulfate (FeSO4*7H2O) 27.8mg/l

Potassium nitrate (KNO3) 1,900mg/l
Manganese sulfate (MnSO4*4H2O) 22.3mg/l
Potassiom Iodine (KI) 0.83mg/l
Sodium molybdate (Na2MoO4*2H2O) 0.25mg/l
Zinc Sulfate (ZnSO4*7H2O) 8.6mg/l
Na2EDTA*2H2Oa 37.2mg/lb

Common Organic Additivesi-Inositol 100mg/l
Nicotinic Acid 0.5mg/l

Pyridoxine*HCl 0.5mg/l
Thiamine *HCl 0.1mg/l

IAA 1-30mg/l
Kinetin 0.04-10mg/l

Glycine (recrytallized) 2.0g/l
Edamine 1.0g/l

Sucrose 20g/l
Agar 10g/l

It contains all nutrients that a plant needs to grow, as well as some (such as iodine) that are probably not essential.

This medium has undergone extensive modifications by different growers to meet specific needs. Common variations include 1/2 MSO (half strength, oftenused for Arabidopsis).

The original citation for the published formulation is:

Murashige T and Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15(3): 473-497.