October 19
is the 292nd day of the year (293rd in
leap years) in the
Gregorian Calendar. There are 73 days remaining.
*
202 BC - The
Battle of Zama results in the defeat of
Carthage and
Hannibal.
*
439 - The
Vandals, led by King
Gaiseric, take
Carthage in
North Africa.
*
1216 -
King John of England dies at
Newark-on-Trent and is succeeded by his nine-year-old son Henry.
*
1453 - The French recapture of
Bordeaux brings the
Hundred Years' War to a close, with the English retaining only
Calais on French soil.
*
1466 - The
Thirteen Years' War ends with the
Second Treaty of Toruń.
Gdansk Pomerania and
Prussia as a whole are incorporated into
Poland; the
Teutonic Knights are allowed to rule its eastern part as Polish
vassals.
*
1469 -
Ferdinand II of Aragon marries
Isabella of Castile, a marriage that paves the way to the unification of
Aragon and
Castile into a single country,
Spain.
*
1512 -
Martin Luther becomes a doctor of theology (
Doctor in Biblia).
*
1781 - Major General Lord
Charles Cornwallis surrenders to
George Washington and
Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau at
Yorktown, Virginia, ending the
American Revolutionary War.
*
1789 - Chief Justice
John Jay is sworn in as the first Chief Justice of the
U.S. Supreme Court.
*
1812 -
Napoleon I of France retreats from
Moscow.
*
1813 - The
Battle of Leipzig concludes, giving
Napoleon Bonaparte one of his worst defeats.
*
1822 - In Parnaíba city; Simplício Dias da Silva, João Cândido de Deus e Silva, Domingos Dias declares the Independence of State of Piauí.
*
1864 -
Battle of Cedar Creek -
Union Army under
Philip Sheridan destroys Confederate Army under
Jubal Early.
* 1864 -
Confederate raiders launch an attack on
Saint Albans, Vermont from
Canada.
*
1873 -
Yale,
Princeton,
Columbia, and
Rutgers universities draft the first code of
American football rules.
*
1912 -
Italy takes possession of
Tripoli,
Libya from the
Ottoman Empire.
*
1914 - The
First Battle of Ypres begins.
*
1917 -
Love Field in
Dallas, Texas is opened.
*
1921 - Portuguese Prime Minister
António Granjo and other politicians are murdered in a
Lisbon coup.
*
1933 -
Germany withdraws from the
League of Nations.
*
1935 - The
League of Nations places economic sanctions on
fascist Italy for its invasion of
Ethiopia.
*
1943 -
Streptomycin, the first
antibiotic remedy for
tuberculosis, is isolated by researchers at
Rutgers University.
*
1944 -
United States forces land in the
Philippines.
*
1950 - The military of the
People's Republic of China takes control of the town of
Chamdo in eastern
Tibet.
*
1953 -
Arthur Godfrey fires
Julius LaRosa live on American national TV.
*
1954 - First ascent of
Cho Oyu*
1960 - The
United States government decides to place an
embargo on Communist
Cuba.
*
1969 - The first
Prime Minister of Tunisia for
twelve years is appointed by President
Habib Bourguiba. He is
Bahi Ladgham, who would serve until
2 November 1970.
*
1973 - President
Richard Nixon rejects an Appeals Court demand to turn over the
Watergate tapes.
*
1974 -
Niue becomes independent from New Zealand
*
1982 -
John De Lorean is arrested for trafficking in
cocaine (later acquitted).
*
1983 -
Maurice Bishop,
Prime Minister of
Grenada, is overthrown and executed in a military
coup d'état led by
Bernard Coard.
*
1985 - The first
Blockbuster Video store opens in
Dallas, Texas.
*
1986 -
Samora Machel, President of
Mozambique and a prominent leader of
FRELIMO, and 33 others died when their
Tupolev 134 plane crashed into the
Lebombo Mountains.
*
1987 - In retaliation for
Iranian attacks on ships in the
Persian Gulf, the
U.S. Navy disables three of Iran's offshore
oil platforms.
* 1987 - (
Black Monday)
Dow Jones Industrial Average falls by 22%.
*
1989 -
Guildford Four convictions are quashed by the
Court of Appeal - they had spent 15 years in prison through a
miscarriage of justice.
*
1991 - 7.0
Richter Scale earthquake in Northern
Italy - 2000 dead
*
1994 -
New Zealand's
Goodnight Kiwi says good night for the last time.
*
1998 - The
Earth Liberation Front sets fire to the Vail Mountain ski resort in
Vail, Colorado, causing $12 million in damage.
*
2001 -
SIEV-X sinks en route to
Christmas Island*
2003 -
Mother Teresa is
beatified by
Pope John Paul II.
* 2003 -
David Blaine finally ended his 44-day endurance stunt of being sealed inside a transparent case suspended 30 feet in the air over Potters Fields Park, located in London.
*
2004 -
Myanmar prime minister
Khin Nyunt is ousted and placed under house arrest by the
Thai government on charges of corruption.
*
2005 -
Saddam Hussein goes on trial in Baghdad for
crimes against humanity.
* 2005 -
Hurricane Wilma becomes the most intense Atlantic hurricane on record with a minimum pressure of 882 mb.
* 2005 - The legendary
Busch Memorial Stadium is closed and destroyed.
*
1276 -
Prince Hisaaki, Japanese shogun (d.
1328)
*
1433 -
Marsilio Ficino, Italian philosopher (d.
1499)
*
1562 -
Archbishop George Abbot,
Archbishop of Canterbury (d.
1633)
*
1582 -
Dmitry Ivanovich, Tsarevich (d.
1591)
*
1605 -
Thomas Browne, English writer (d.
1682)
*
1610 -
James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde, English statesman and soldier (d.
1688)
*
1658 -
Adolf Friedrich II of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d.
1704)
*
1688 -
William Cheselden, English surgeon and anatomist (d.
1752)
*
1680 -
John Abernethy, Irish
Protestant minister (d.
1740)
*
1718 -
Victor-François, 2nd duc de Broglie, Marshal of France (d.
1804)
*
1720 -
John Woolman, American Quaker preacher and abolitionist (d.
1772)
*
1721 -
Joseph de Guignes, French orientalist (d.
1800)
*
1784 -
John McLoughlin, Canadian fur trader (d.
1857)
*
1858 -
George Albert Boulenger, Belgian naturalist (d.
1937)
*
1862 -
Auguste Lumière, French inventor (d.
1954)
*
1873 -
Jaap Eden, Dutch skater and cyclist (d.
1925))
*
1876 -
Mordecai Brown, Baseball player (d.
1945)
*
1885 -
Charles Merrill, American investment banker (d.
1956)
*
1895 -
Lewis Mumford, American historian (d.
1990)
*
1896 -
Bob O'Farrell, baseball player (d.
1988)
*
1899 -
Miguel Ángel Asturias, Guatemalan writer,
Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1974)
*
1900 -
Bill Ponsford, Australian cricketer (d.
1991)
* 1900 -
Roy Worters, Canadian ice hockey goaltender (d.
1957)
*
1907 -
Roger Wolfe Kahn, American bandleader (d.
1962)
*
1908 -
Geirr Tveitt, Norwegian composer (d.
1981)
*
1909 -
Cozy Cole, American jazz drummer (d.
1981)
*
1910 -
Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, Indian-born physicist,
Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1995)
* 1910 -
Jean Genet, French author (d.
1986)
*
1913 -
Vinicius de Moraes, Brazilian poet and songwriter (d.
1980)
*
1916 -
Jean Dausset, French immunologist, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine* 1916 -
Emil Gilels, Ukrainian pianist (d.
1994)
*
1922 -
Jack Anderson, American journalist (d.
2005)
*
1926 -
Joel Feinberg, American moral philosopher (d.
2004)
* 1926 -
Arne Bendiksen, Norwegian singer and songwriter
*
1931 -
John le Carré, English novelist
*
1932 -
Robert Reed, American actor (d.
1992)
*
1937 -
Peter Max, American artist
*
1940 -
Michael Gambon, Irish actor
*
1942 -
Andrew Vachss, American author and attorney
*
1944 -
Peter Tosh, Jamaican musician, political activist (d.
1987*
1945 -
Divine, American actor (d.
1988)
* 1945 -
John Lithgow, American actor
*
1946 -
Philip Pullman, English writer
*
1947 -
Giorgio Cavazzano, comics artist and illustrator
*
1948 -
Pat Simmons, American musician (
The Doobie Brothers)
*
1951 -
Patricia Ireland, American President of the National Organization for Women
*
1956 -
Carlo Urbani, Italian physician (d.
1993)
*
1960 -
Jonathan FeBland English musician, writer and artist
*
1962 -
Evander Holyfield, American boxer
*
1964 -
Jorge Luis Gonzales, Cuban-born American boxer
*
1965 -
Ty Pennington, American television carpenter
*
1966 -
Jon Favreau, American actor, writer and director
*
1969 -
Trey Parker, American cartoonist, comedian, writer, and actor
*
1972 -
Pras, American musician
* 1972 -
Keith Foulke, American baseball pitcher
*
1976 -
Michael Young, baseball player
*
1980 -
José Bautista, Baseball player
*
1990 -
Janet Leon, Swedish singer (
Play)
*
727 - Saint
Frideswide*
1187 -
Pope Urban III*
1216 -
King John*
1432 -
John de Mowbray, 2nd Duke of Norfolk, English politician (b.
1392)
*
1587 -
Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b.
1541)
*
1608 -
Martin Delrio, Flemish theologian and occultist (b.
1551)
*
1636 -
Marcin Kazanowski, Polish politician
*
1682 -
Thomas Browne, English writer (b.
1605)
*
1723 -
Godfrey Kneller, German-born painter (b.
1646)
*
1745 -
Jonathan Swift, Irish author (b.
1667)
*
1790 -
Lyman Hall, American signer of the Declaration of Independence (b.
1724)
*
1813 -
Józef Antoni Poniatowski, Polish prince and Marshal of France (friendly fire) (b.
1763)
*
1851 -
Marie Thérèse Charlotte (b.
1778)
*
1889 - King
Louis of Portugal (b.
1838)
*
1897 -
George Pullman, American inventor and industrialist (b.
1831)
*
1901 -
Carl Frederik Tietgen, Danish financier and industrialist (b.
1829)
*
1918 -
Harold Lockwood, American actor (b.
1887)
*
1936 -
Lu Xun, Chinese writer (b.
1881)
*
1937 -
Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson, New Zealand physicist, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Chemistry (b.
1871)
*
1943 -
Camille Claudel, French sculptor (b.
1864)
*
1950 -
Edna St. Vincent Millay, American poet (b.
1892)
*
1956 -
Isham Jones, American musician (b.
1894)
*
1973 -
Walt Kelly, American cartoonist (b.
1913)
*
1983 -
Maurice Bishop,
Prime Minister of Grenada (b.
1944)
*
1987 -
Jacqueline Du Pré, English cellist (b.
1945)
*1987 -
Hermann Lang, German race car driver (b.
1909)
*
1988 -
Son House, American musician (b.
1902)
*
1992 -
Arthur Wint, Jamaican runner (b.
1920)
*
1994 -
Martha Raye, American comedian and actress (b.
1916)
*
1997 -
Glen Buxton, American guitarist (b.
1947)
*
1999 -
Nathalie Sarraute, Russian-born French writer (b.
1900)
* 1999 -
James C. Murray, American poltician (b.
1917)
*
2003 -
Faith Fancher, American television journalist and activist (b.
1950)
* 2003 -
Alija Izetbegovic, President of Bosnia-Herzegovina (b.
1925)
* 2003 -
Margaret Murie, American conservationist (b.
1902)
* 2003 -
Michael Hegstrand, American professional wrestler (b.
1957)
*
2004 -
Kenneth E. Iverson, Canadian computer scientist and inventor of the
APL programming language (b.
1920)
* 2005 -
Dallas Cook, A trombone player in third-wave ska band Suburban Legends (b.
1982)
*
Roman festivals -
Armilustrium in honor of
Mars*
Roman Catholic Saints - Saints
Jean de Brébeuf,
Isaac Jogues, and
Companions; Saint
Frideswide*Also see
October 19 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)*
Albania -
Mother Teresa Day.
*
Brazil -
Independence Day of State of Piauí
*
Niue -
Constitution Day in honour of the country's independence (self-governing in free association with
New Zealand) in
1974.
*
French Republican Calendar -
Tomate (Tomato) Day, twenty-eighth day in the
Month of Vendémiaire*
BBC: On This DayOctober 18 -
October 20 -
September 19 -
November 19 - more
historical anniversaries
