Ohio class submarine
| Ohio class ballistic missile submarine |
|---|
|
| Class Overview |
|---|
| Class Type | Ballistic Missile Submarine/
Guided Missile Submarine |
| Class Name | The State of Ohio |
| Preceded By | Chronologically:
Los Angeles class attack submarine
By Type:
Benjamin Franklin class ballistic missile submarine |
| Succeeded By | Chronologically:
Seawolf class attack submarine
By Type:
N/A, latest Ballistic Missile submarine class in service |
| Ships of the Class: | Ohio, Michigan, Florida, Georgia, Henry M. Jackson, Alabama, Alaska, Nevada, Tennessee, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Kentucky, Maryland, Nebraska, Rhode Island, Maine, Wyoming, Louisiana |
The
United States has 18
Ohio class submarines:
*14 nuclear-powered
SSBNs, each armed with 24
Trident II SLBMs; they are also known as "Trident" submarines, and provide the sea-based leg of the
nuclear triad of the United States strategic
deterrent forces
*4 nuclear-powered
SSGNs, each armed with 154
Tomahawk cruise missiles with conventional warheads
The 14 Trident II SSBNs together carry around fifty percent of the total U.S. strategic warhead inventory. The exact number varies in an unpredictable and highly classified manner, below a maximum set by various strategic arms limitation treaties. Although the missiles have no pre-set targets when the submarine goes on patrol, the platform, when required, is capable of rapid targeting using secure and constant at-sea communications links. The
Ohio class is the largest type of submarine ever constructed for the
U.S. Navy, and internationally are second only to the Russian
Typhoon class submarine in mass and size.
The
Ohio class submarines were specifically designed for extended deterrence patrols. Each submarine is complemented by two crews, Blue and Gold, with each crew operating on a 100-day interval. To decrease the time in port for crew turnover and replenishment, three large logistics hatches are fitted to provide large diameter resupply and repair openings. These hatches allow sailors to rapidly transfer supply pallets, equipment replacement modules and machinery components, significantly reducing the time required for replenishment and maintenance. The class design allows the vessel to operate for 15+ years between overhauls. The boats are purported to be as stealthy at 20
knots (their cruising speed) as previous boats were at a dead crawl of 6 knots, although exact information remains classified.
The first eight
Ohio class submarines were originally equipped with 24
Trident I C-4 ballistic missiles. Beginning with the ninth Trident submarine,
USS Tennessee, the remaining ships were equipped with the upgraded
Trident II D-5 variant as they were constructed. The Trident II missile carries nine multiple inertial re-entry vehicles (
MIRVs), in sum delivering more deterrence than the Trident I and with much greater accuracy. Starting with
USS Alaska in
2000, the navy began converting the remaining C-4 equipped submarines to D-5 missiles; this was completed late in
2005.
The first eight boats were homeported in
Bangor, Washington to replace the
Polaris A-3 carrying submarines that were then being decommissioned. The remaining ten boats were originally homeported in
Kings Bay, Georgia, replacing the Atlantic-based
Poseidon and Trident Backfit submarines. During the conversion of the first four hulls to SSGNs (see below), five boats,
Pennsylvania,
Kentucky,
Nebraska,
Maine, and
Louisiana, were shifted from Kings Bay to Bangor. Further shifts are occurring as the country's strategic needs change.
 |
Ohio SSGN conversion |
|
Artist concept of an Ohio class SSGN launching cruise missiles. |
After the end of the cold war plans called for
Ohioto be retired in
2002, followed by three of her sisters. However,
Ohio,
Michigan,
Florida, and
Georgia instead were slated for modification, to remain in service as conventional, guided missile submarines (
SSGNs).
Beginning in
2002–
2010, 22 of the 24 88-inch (2.2 m) diameter Trident missile tubes will be modified to contain large
vertical launch systems (VLS), one configuration of which may be a cluster of seven
Tomahawk missiles. In this configuration, the number of cruise missiles carried could be a maximum of 154, the equivalent of what is typically deployed in a surface battle group. Other payload possibilities include new generations of supersonic and hypersonic cruise missiles,
unmanned air vehicles (UAVs), the
ADM-160 Miniature Air-Launched Decoy, sensors for anti-submarine warfare or intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance missions, counter-mine warfare payloads such as the
AN/BLQ-11 Long Term Mine Reconnaissance System (LMRS), and the
broaching universal buoyant launcher (BUBL) and
stealthy affordable capsule system (SACS) specialized payload canisters.
The other two Trident tubes may be replaced by swimmer lockout and equipment pods. For special operations, a minisub can be mounted on the bow and the boat will be able to transport a sizeable number of special operations personnel, such as the
Navy SEALs.
On
September 26,
2002, the Navy awarded
GD Electric Boat a $442.9 million contract to begin the first phase of the SSGN submarine conversion program. Those funds covered only the initial phase of conversion for the first two boats on the schedule. Advance procurement was funded at $355 million in fiscal year 2002, $825 million in the
FY 2003 budget and, through the five-year defense budget plan, at $936 million in FY
2004, $505 million in FY
2005, and $170 million in FY
2006. Thus, the total cost to refit the four boats is just under $700 million per vessel.
In November
2002 Ohio entered drydock, beginning a 36-month refueling and conversion overhaul. Electric Boat announced on
9 January 2006 that the conversion had been completed.
Ohio rejoined the fleet in
2006. She will be followed by
Michigan,
Florida, and
Georgia. These four SSGNs are expected to remain in service until
2023-
2026.
* Builders:
GD Electric Boat.
* Power plant: One
S8G nuclear reactor, one
shaft* Length: 170.69 m (560 ft)
* Beam: 12.8 m (42 ft)
* Displacement: 17,033 metric tons surfaced; 19,000 metric tons submerged
* Speed: 20 knot (37 km/h)
* Crew: 15 officers, 140 enlisted
* Diving Depth: greater than 800 ft
* Armament
** SSBN configuration:
*** 24 tubes for Trident I and II ballistic missiles; the Trident II with a length of 13.4 metres just fits vertically (the Trident I is shorter), and they are placed in two rows of twelve
*** Four torpedo tubes;
Mk-48 torpedoes,
mobile submarine simulator decoys
** SSGN configuration:
*** 154 tubes for
Tomahawk cruise missiles*** Two swimmer and equipment lock-out tubes
*** Four torpedo tubes;
Mk-48 torpedoes,
mobile submarine simulator decoys
Ohios are comparable in size to the
Oscar class of the
Russian Navy. The
Ohio boats displace more when surfaced but less when submerged; they are longer in length but narrower in beam.
U.S. Navy jargon refers to surface vessels as
ships, submarines as
boats, and always in the feminine, e.g., "She's making twenty knots." Also, ballistic missile submarines are known to the U.S. Naval community as "boomers", as their original purpose was to be ready to launch highly powerful warheads if the need arose. SSBN is U.S. Navy nomenclature for Submarine, Ballistic-missile, Nuclear. SSGN is designated for Submarine, Guided-missile, Nuclear.
*
Official U.S. Navy Data*
Global Defence/Military News, Pictures and Discussions*
FAS page on the SSBN 726 class*
FAS page on the SSGN 726 class
