Ottoman wars in Europe
The
sixth Russo-Turkish War began in 1806, ended in 1812 due to
Napoleon's invasion of Russia.
First Serbian Uprising in
1804,
Second Serbian Uprising in
1815, fully liberated by
1877.
Moldavian-Wallachian (Romanian) Uprising 1821-1824.
Greek War of Independence 1821-1832, in which Great Powers intervene from 1827, including Russia (Seventh Russo-Turkish war, 1828-1829) achieves autonomy for Greece,
Treaty of Adrianople ends the war.
Wars with Bosnia 1831-1836, 1836-1837,
1841.
War with Montenegro 1852-1853.
Eighth Russo-Turkish war 1853-1856,
Crimean War, in which the
United Kingdom and
France joined the war on the side of the Ottoman Empire. Ended with the
Treaty of Paris (1856).
Second war with Montenegro 1858-1859.
War with Montenegro, Bosnia and Serbia
1862.
Crete Uprising
1866.
Bulgarian Rebellion in
1876.
The ninth and final Russo-Turkish war started in 1877, the same year the Ottomans withdrew from the
Conference of Constantinople. Romania declares independence and war on Turkey, joined by Serbians and Bulgarians and finally the Russians (see also
Russian Foreign Affairs after the Crimean War). Bosnia was occupied by Austria in
1878. The Russians and the Ottomans sign the
Treaty of San Stefano in early 1878. After deliberations at the
Congress of Berlin which was attended by all the Great Powers of the time, the
Treaty of Berlin, 1878 recognized several territorial changes.
Eastern Rumelia was granted some autonomy in
1878, rebelled in
1885 and joined Bulgaria in
1886.
Thessalia ceded to
Greece in
1881, but after Greece attacks the Ottoman Empire to help the Second
Crete Uprising in
1897, Greece is defeated in Thessalia.
Macedonian insurrection from 1903.
1912-1913: Balkan Wars
Two
Balkan Wars, in
1912 and
1913, involved further action against Ottoman Empire in Europe. The
Balkan League first conquered
Macedonia and most of
Thrace from the Ottoman Empire, and then fell out over the division of the spoils.
World War I
The Ottoman Empire suffered a defeat in
World War I and all of
Rumelia fell by
1918. Only a small part of European territory near the
Bosporus, the
Eastern Thrace, remained part of
Turkey.
*
Russo-Turkish Wars*
Rise of the Ottoman Empire*
Fall of the Ottoman Empire
