Pan flute
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Pan pipes |
The
pan flute (also known as
panpipes,
syrinx, or
quills) is an ancient
musical instrument based on the principle of the stopped pipe, consisting usually of ten or more pipes of gradually increasing length (and, at times, girth). The
syrinx (
Greek συριγξ) has long been popular as a folk instrument, and is considered the ancestor of both the
pipe organ and the
harmonica, or mouth organ. The pan flute is named for its association with the rustic Greek god
Pan.
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Playing the zampoña, an Inca instrument and type of pan pipes. |
The pipes comprising it are stopped at one end, so that the sound waves have to travel twice the length of the pipes, giving out a note nearly an octave lower than that produced by an open pipe of equal length. In the traditional South American style, pipes are fine-tuned to correct pitch by placing small pebbles or dry corn kernels into the bottom of the pipes. Contemporary makers of curved Romanian-style panpipes use wax (commonly
beeswax) to tune new instruments. Special tools are used to place or remove the wax. Corks and rubber stoppers are also used, and are easier to quickly tune pipes.
The pan flute is played by blowing horizontally across the open end against the sharp inner edge of the pipes. This creates the regular series of pulses which generate the sound waves within the tubes. Each pipe is tuned to a note, called the
fundamental. By
overblowing, that is, increasing the pressure of breath and tension of lips,
harmonics (notes whose frequencies are multiples of the fundamental) may also be produced. The Romanian panflute has the pipes arranged in a curved array, enabling the player to easily reach all the notes by simply swiveling their head. These instruments can also play all the sharps and flats, with a special technique of both tilting the pipes and jaw movement. An advanced player can play any scale and in any key. There are two styles of vibrato possible, hand vibrato and breath vibrato. In hand vibrato, the player applies a gentle motion to one end of the panflute (usually the high end) in much the same way as a violinist would wiggle their finger stopping the string to produce vibrato. Breath (or diaphragm) vibrato is the same technique used by players of the flute and other woodwinds.
The
plural of
syrinx is
syringes, from which the modern word
syringe is derived. (
Pan pipes is both singular and plural.) Other names for the instrument include the
Medieval fistula panis.
The pan flute was most recently popularised by the
Romanian
musician Gheorghe Zamfir, who toured extensively and recorded many albums of pan flute music, and by several other artists who began recording at the same time. They are also very popular in
Peruvian traditional groups and other
Andean music.
This simple instrument was used in some songs by
The Beatles,
Simon and Garfunkel,
Bee Gees,
Agustín Lara,
Luis Miguel and
Céline Dion.
*Nai (Romania)
*
Antara (
Andes)
*
Paixiao (China)
*So (Korea)
*
Syrinx*
Siku (
Andes)
* P'ai Hsiao (Asia)
*
Stefan Negura (Moldova)
* Nicolae Pirvu (Romania)
* Radu Simion (Romania)
* Stanciu Simion (Romania)
*
Gheorghe Zamfir (Romania)
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Video: How to Play Panflute by Brad White
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Visit Pan-Flute.Com's All About Panflutes by Brad White
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A Worldwide History of the Panflute by Douglas Bishop
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Free Panflute Lessons by Douglas Bishop
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The Hall of Panflutists by Douglas Bishop
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Panflute World Forum (Yahoo! group)
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Panflute-Page Forum (Yahoo! group)
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Panflute Forum (Panflute discussion group)
