Richard Morris Hunt
Richard Morris Hunt (
October 31 1827,
Brattleboro, Vermont - 1895) preeminent figure in the history of American
architecture.
In 1846 Hunt was the first American architect to attend the
École des Beaux-Arts in
Paris, and was regarded well enough to supervise work on the
Louvre under
Napoleon III. After his return in 1855, he founded the first American architectural school at his Tenth Street Studio (beginning with only four students), co-founded the
American Institute of Architects and became its President in 1888, brought the first apartment building to Manhattan in a burst of scandal, and set a new ostentatious style of grand houses for the social elite and the eccentric, competitive new millionaires of the
Gilded Age.
Hunt's greatest influence is his insistence that architects be treated, and paid, as legitimate and respected professionals equivalent to doctors and lawyers. He sued one of his early clients for non-payment of his five percent fee, which established an important legal precedent. One of his 1859 students at the Tenth Street Studio,
William R. Ware, was deeply influenced by Hunt and went on to found the first two university programs in architecture:
MIT in 1866, and
Columbia in 1881.
Despite his extensive social connections in
Newport among the richest Americans of his generation, Hunt was widely admired for his energy and good humor. Legend has it that while on a final walk-through of one of his Vanderbilt mansions, Hunt discovered a mysterious tent-like object in one of the ballrooms. Investigating, he found it was canvas covering a life-sized statue of himself, dressed in stonecutters' clothes, all carved in secret as a tribute by the gang of stonecutters working on the house. Vanderbilt permitted the statue to be placed on the roof of the mansion.
 |
Statue of Liberty, Pedestal by Richard Morris Hunt |
Hunt designed
New York's
Tribune Building, one of the earliest with an elevator, in
1873. Other buildings of note that Hunt designed include the Theological Library and Marquand Chapel in
Princeton, the Scroll and Key building at
Yale, and the Fogg Museum of Art in
Cambridge, Massachusetts. Until the Lenox Library, none of Hunt's American works were in the Beaux-Arts style with which he is associated. Late in his life he became involved in the
Chicago's World's Columbian Exposition in
1893, at which his Administration Building received the gold medal from the Institute of British Architects.
Today, Hunt's handiwork can be seen on the Pedestal of the
Statue of Liberty and on the facade of the
Metropolitan Museum of Art. Many of Hunt's New York houses have been destroyed.
Hunt often employed sculptor
Karl Bitter to enrich his designs. Both Hunt and his frequent collaborator, landscape architect
Frederick Law Olmsted, were associated with the
City Beautiful Movement.
*Henry Marquand House, NYC, 1881-84
*James Pinchot House, "Grey Towers," Milford, Pennsylvania 1884-86
*William Borden House, Chicago, Illinois, 1884-89
*Ogden Mills House, Fifth Avenue, NYC, 1885-87
*Archibald Rogers House, Hyde Park New York, 1886-89
*
William Kissam Vanderbilt House, "
Marble House,"
Newport, Rhode Island, 1888-92
*Ogden Goelet House, "
Ochre Court", Newport, Rhode Island, 1888-93
*
Oliver Belmont House, "
Belcourt Castle",
Newport, Rhode Island, 1891
*Elbridge Gerry House, NYC, 1891-94 Newport, Rhode Island,
*John Jacob Astor IV House, Fifth Avenue, NYC, 1891-95
*Dorsheimer-Busk House,
Newport, Rhode Island, 1890-93
*George Washington
Vanderbilt House, "
Biltmore Estate",
Asheville, North Carolina, 1890-
*
Cornelius Vanderbilt II house, "
The Breakers",
Newport, Rhode Island, 1892-95
 |
Biltmore Estate, Asheville, North Carolina |
*Stein, Susan Editor,
The Architecture of Richard Morris Hunt , University of Chicago Press, 1986
*Kvaran. Einar Einarsson,
Architectural Sculpture of America
