Symposium (Xenophon)
Xenophon's
Symposium records the discussion of
Socratesand company at a dinner given by Callias (grandson of
Callias who fought in the battle of Marathon) for the youth
Autolycus, son of Lycon (not to be confused with the
Lycon who was one of Socrates' prosecutors).
While Plato's Symposium consists of a series of lengthy speeches in praise of love, Xenophon's is dominated by witty repartee.
A contest of words emerges between Socrates and Callias, and each of the symposiasts is asked to describe the thing which he prides himself on most. All their answers are playful or paradoxical: Socrates, for one, prides himself on his knowledge of the art of pimping.
The story comes to a climax when Socrates praises the love Callias had for a youth named Autolycus. The speech parodies or pastiches the erotic speeches in Plato's Symposium and Phaedrus, at one point taking issue directly with the proposal of an army of lovers.
Henry Graham Dakyns, a Victorian-era scholar who translated many works by
Plato and Xenophon, believed that Plato knewof this work, and that it influenced him to somedegree when he wrote
his own Symposium.
Yet, throughout most of the twentieth century, scholarly opinion took the references to the army of lovers as proof that Xenophon had based his work on Plato's. More recently, however, some scholars have argued that the long speech of Socrates contains later additions, and opinion is divided as to which author was first to write a Socratic symposium.
*
Strauss, Leo;
Xenophon's Socrates, Ithaca,
Cornell University Press, 1972.
* Xenophon;
The Shorter Socratic Writings: "Apology of Socrates to the Jury," "Oeconomicus," and "Symposium," trans. and with interpretive essays by Robert C. Bartlett, with
Thomas Pangle and Wayne Ambler, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, The Agora Editions, 1996.
*
Project Gutenberg has the e-text of
Dakyns' translation of Xenophon's Symposium
