Timurid Dynasty
The
Timurids (
Persian:
سلسله تیموریان,
Silsila-ye Tīmurīyān; self-designation
Gurkānī,
Persian:
گوركانى, being the Persianized form of the Mongolian word
kürügän,
"son-in-law", the title given to the dynasty's founder after his marriage into
Genghis Khan's family) were a mixed
Turkic,
Mongol and
Persian dynasty established by
Timur (Tamerlane) in
Central Asia and
Iran (
Timurid Empire), and later by
Babur in
India (
Mughal Empire). Timur conquered large parts of
Transoxiana in modern day Central Asia and Iran, from
1363 onwards with various alliances (
Samarqand in
1366, and
Balkh in
1369), and was recognized as ruler over them in
1370. Acting officially in the name of the Mongolian
Chagatai ulus, he subjugated
Mongolistan and
Khwarazm in the years that followed and began a campaign westwards in
1380. By
1389 he had removed the Kartids from
Afghanistan (
Herat) and advanced into Iran and
Iraq from
1382 (capture of
Isfahan in
1387, removal of the Muzaffarids from
Shiraz in
1393, and expulsion of the Jalayirids from
Baghdad). In
1394/
95 he triumphed over the
Golden Horde and enforced his sovereignty in the
Caucasus, in
1398 subjugated what is today
Pakistan and northern
India and occupied
Delhi, in
1400/
01 conquered
Aleppo,
Damascus and eastern Anatolia, in 1401 destroyed Baghdad and in
1402 triumphed over the Ottomans at
Ankara. In addition, he transformed Samarqand into the 'Center of the World'.
After the end of the
Timurid Empire in
1506, the
Mughal Empire was later established in India by
Babur in
1526, who was a descendant of
Timur through his father and possibly a descendant of
Genghis Khan through his mother. The dynasty he established is commonly known as the
Mughal Dynasty. By the
17th century, the Mughal Empire ruled most of India, but later declined during the
18th century. The Timurid Dynasty came to an end in
1857 after the Mughal Empire was dissolved by the
British Empire and
Bahadur Shah II was exiled to
Burma.
*
Timur (Tamerlane)
1370 -
1405 (771-807
AH) with Suyurghitmish Chughtai as overlord followed by Mahmood Chughtai as overlord followed by Mahmood Chughtai as overlord and finally Muhammad Sultan as heir
*
Khalil Sultan 1405 -
1409 (807-11 AH)
*
Pir Muhammad bin Jahangir
1405 -
1407 (807-808 AH)
*Qaidu bin Pir Muhammad bin Jahangir 808-811 AH
*Abu Bakr bin
Miran Shah 1405 -
1407 (807-809 AH)
*Pir Muhammad bin Umar Sheikh 807-812 AH
*Rustam 812-817 AH
*Sikandar 812-17 AH
*
Shah Rukh Timurid
1405 -
1447 (807-50 AH)
*Alaudaullah 851 AH
*Abu Bakr bin Muhammad 851 AH
*
Ulugh Beg-I
1447 -
1449 (851-53 AH) - ruler of
Samarkand 1409 -
1449*
'Abd al-Latif 1449 -
1450 (853-854 AH)
*
‘Abdu'llah Timurid
1450 -
1451 (854-55 AH)
*Sultan
Abu Sa'id Gurgan
1451 -
1469 (855-73 AH), ruler of
Herat 1459 -
1469*
Abu'l-Qasim Babar 1447 -
1457 (853-61 AH) - ruler of
Herat*
Shah Mahmud 1457 -
1459 (861-863 AH) - ruler of
Herat*
Ibrahim Timurid
1457 -
1459 (861-863 AH) - ruler of
Herat *Sultan Muhammad 850-55 AH
*
Sultan Hussain 1469 -
1470,
1470 -
1506 (862-911 AH) - ruler of
Herat*
Yadigar Muhammad 1470 (873-875 AH) - ruler of
Herat*Muhammad bin Hussain 903-906 AH
*Abul A'la Faridun Hussain 911-912 AH
*Muzzafar Hussain
1506 -
1507 (911-912 AH) - ruler of
Herat , brother of
Badiuzzaman*
Badiuzzaman 1506 -
1507 (905-908 and 911-914 AH) - ruler of
Herat*Muhammad Mohsin Khan 911-912 AH
*Muhammad Zaman Khan 920-923 AH
*Shahrukh II bin Abu Saeed Timurid 896-897 AH
*Ulugh Beg Kabuli 873-907 AH
*
Sultan Ahmad ibn Abu Sa'id Timurid
1469 -
1494 (873-899 AH) - ruler of
Samarkand*
Sultan Mahmud ibn Abu Sa'id Timurid
1494 -
1495 (873-900 AH) - ruler of
Samarkand*Masud Timurid
1495 -
1501 (899-906 AH) - ruler of
Samarkand*Sultan Baysunghur
1495 -
1497 (900-902 AH) - ruler of
Samarkand*Sultan Ali Mirza
1495 -
1500 (900-905 AH) - ruler of
Samarkand*Sultan Uways
1508 -
1522 (913-927 AH)
*
Zahiruddin Babur Mirza 1526 -
1530 (933-937 AH) - established
Mughal Dynasty in
India (
Mughal Empire)
*
Nasiruddin Humayun Mirza 1530 -
1556 (937-963 AH) - ruler of
Mughal Empire, son of Babur
*
Kamran Mirza 1530 -
1557 (937-962 AH) - ruler of
Kabul and
Lahore, son of Babur
*
Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar Mirza (Akbar the Great)
1556-
1605 (963-1014 AH) - greatest ruler of
Mughal Empire, son of Humayun
*Abul Qasim Muhammad bin Kamran 968 AH
*Suleiman Mirza 936-92 AH
*Shahrukh III 983-87 AH - son of Ibrahim
*
Nuruddin Muhammad Jahangir 1605 -
1627 (1014-1036 AH) - ruler of
Mughal Empire, son of Akbar
*
Shahbuddin Muhammad Shah Jahan (Shah Jahan I)
1627 -
1658 - ruler of
Mughal Empire, son of Jahangir
*
Mohiuddin Mohammed Aurangzeb (Aurangzeb Alamgir I)
1658-
1707 - ruler of
Mughal Empire, son of Shah Jahan
*
Bahadur Shah I (Shah Alam I)
1707 -
1712 - son of Aurangzeb
*
Jahandar Shah, b.
1664, ruler from
1712 -
1713 -
*
Furrukhsiyar, b.
1683, ruler from
1713-
1719*
Rafi Ul-Darjat, ruler
1719*
Rafi Ud-Daulat (
Shah Jahan II),
ruler 1719*
Nikusiyar, ruler
1719*
Muhammad Ibrahim, ruler
1720*
Muhammad Shah, b.
1702, ruler from
1719-
1720,
1720-
1748*
Ahmad Shah Bahadur, b.
1725, ruler from
1748-
1754*
Alamgir II, b.
1699, ruler from
1754-
1759 - son of Jahandar Shah
*
Shah Jahan III, ruler
1759*
Shah Alam II, b.
1728, ruler from
1759-
1806*
Akbar Shah II, b.
1760, ruler from
1806-
1837*
Bahadur Shah II (Bahadur Shah Zafar)
1837-
1857 - last ruler of the Timurid Dynasty
*
Timurids Dynasty *
Timurids Art*
Virtual Art Exhibit*
Chronology of Samarkand rulers*
Chronology of Herat rulers
