Tours
alt moy= |alt mini=44 m |alt maxi=109 m |hectares=3,436 |km²=34.36 |sans=136 500 |date-sans=est. 2005|dens=3,973 |date-dens=2005}}Tours is a city in France, the préfecture (capital city) of the Indre-et-Loire département, on the lower reaches of the river Loire, between Orléans and the Atlantic coast. Touraine, the region around Tours, is known for its wines and for the perfection of its local spoken French. It is also the site of the cycling race Paris-Tours.The name of the city comes from the ancient Gallic tribe called the Turones. In Roman times it was known as Turonensis. The modern name, Tours, coincidentally corresponds to the French word tours, "towers". In the mid-3rd century Gatianus (Saint Gatien) was sent from Rome to reorganize a small Christian community. Saint Martin of Tours was bishop of Tours at the end of the 4th century, and his tomb became a major pilgrimage site; the church of Saint-Martin was one of the great Romanesque pilgrimage churches, like Saint-Sernin in Toulouse and Santiago de Compostela, and the powerful bishops of Tours, such as Gregory of Tours, were personages to be reckoned with for the Merovingian kings.
The Council of Tours was celebrated here in 567.
The Battle of Tours was fought on October 10, 732 between forces under the Frankish leader Charles Martel and an Islamic force led by Emir Abdul Rahman al-Ghafiq. The Franks soundly defeated the Islamic army and stopped the northward invading advance of Islam from its then base in Spain.
The Touraine was a county at the time of the Carolingian rulers (AD 751 to 987). The Vikings pillaged the town in 853 and 903. By 1044 it was held by the counts of Anjou. During the reign of Philip II, the Livre Tournois (Tours Pound) was adopted as the international currency of France. | Tours Cathedral: 15th century Flamboyante Gothic west front with Renaissance pinnacles, 1547. |
In the 16th and 17th centuries, Tours had a significant Huguenot population, many of which had been responsible for the building of a huge silk industry. With the Edict of Nantes rescinded in 1685 and the resulting slaughter of thousands of Protestants, the Huguenots fled the country and the once flourishing silk industry of Tours, vanished forever. Some of the Huguenots settled in Ireland where their weaving skills saw them establish some of the great Irish linen factories.
From October 7, 1870 to February 6, 1871, Tours served as the provincial capital of the Government of National Defense, conducting French affairs during the Franco-Prussian War. Léon Gambetta chose Tours to act as a secondary capital, as Paris at the time was under siege by the Prussian Army.Cathedral of ToursMain article: Cathedral of Tours The cathedral of Tours, dedicated to Saint Gatien, its canonized first bishop, was begun about 1170 to replace the just-started cathedral that was burnt out in 1166, during the quarrel between Louis VII of France and Henry II of England. The lowermost stages of the west towers (illustration, right) belong to the 12th century, but the rest of the west end is in the profusely detailed Flamboyant Gothic of the 15th century, completed just as the Renaissance was affecting less traditional patrons than bishops, in the pleasure châteaux of Touraine. These towers were being constructed at the same time as, for example, Château de Chenonceau.
When the 15th century illuminator Jean Fouquet was set the task of illumninating Josephus's Jewish Antiquities, his depiction of Solomon's Temple was modeled after the nearly-complete Cathedral of Tours. The atmosphere of the Gothic cathedral close permeates Honoré de Balzac's dark short novel of jealousy and provincial intrigues, Le Curé de Tours (The Curate of Tours) and his medieval story Maitre Cornelius opens within the cathedral itself.The inhabitants of Tours (Tourangeaux) are renowned for speaking the purest form of French in the entire country. The pronunciation of Touraine is widely regarded as the most perfect pronunciation of the French language, devoid of any accent (in opposition to most other regions of France, including Paris).The center of Tours has a population of 137,000. Tours is called "Le Jardin de la France" (The garden of France). There are several parks located within the city, as well as a cedar tree near the Cathedral planted by Napoleon. Tours is located between two rivers, the Loire on the north and the Cher on the south. The buildings of Tours are white with blue slate (called Ardoise) roofs which is common in the north of France (in the south of France, most buildings have terra cotta roofs).
Tours is famous for its old part of the city called Le Vieux Tours with medieval style houses in half-timbering and Place Plumereau, a square with pubs and restaurants full of people who dine and drink outside at tables filling the center of the square. Boulevard Beranger crosses Rue Nationale at Place Jean-Jaures, and is the location of weekly markets and fairs.
In front of the cathedral in the city of Tours, is a huge cedar tree planted by Napoleon himself.Today, with its extensive rail (including TGV) and autoroute links to the rest of the country, Tours is a jumping off point for tourist visits to the Loire Valley and the chateaux of the kings.
Tours is on one of the main lines of the TGV. You can travel down the Western coast to Bordeaux in two hours and a half, or to the Mediterranean coast via Avignon and from there to Spain and Barcelona. It takes one hour by train from Tours to Paris by TGV. Tours has two main stations, a central station and St Pierre Des Corps, which is just outside the center, and is the station which trains that don't terminate in Tours go through.
Tours Loire Valley Airport connects the Loire Valley to London Stansted Airport. This link is provided by the Irish airline Ryanair. National connections to Lyon and Figari on Corsica are available, too.
Tours doesn't have a metro rail system, instead there is a very efficient bus service, the main central stop being Jean Jaures, which is next to the Hotel de Ville, and rue Nationale, the high street of Tours. A tram is planned to be built in the next few years.BirthsTours was the birthplace of:
*Nâdiya (1973), a famous singer
*Honoré de Balzac (1799-1850), novelist
*Berengarius of Tours (999-1088), theologian
*Bernard of Tours (fl. 1147, d. before 1178), philosopher and poet
*Yves Bonnefoy (born 1923), poet
*Abraham Bosse (1604-1676), artist
*Georges Courteline (1858-1929), dramatist and novelist
*Emile Delahaye (1843-1905), automobile pioneer
*Philippe Néricault Destouches (1680-1754), dramatist
*Jean Fouquet (1420-1481), painter
*Gabriel Lamé (1795-1870), mathematician
*Philippe de Trobriand (1816-1897), author, American military officer
*Louise de la Vallière (1644-1710), courtesan
Image:Public garden in Tours, France.jpg|Jardin public central (central park). Image:Giant Cypress tree in Tours, France.jpg|Giant Cedar tree.Image:Tudor buildings in Tours, France.jpg|Place Plumereau, Medieval buildings.Image:Rooftops of Tours, France.jpg|Ardoise roofs of Tours.* Bishop of Tours
* Tours FC - a soccer club based in the town.
* Official website
* Architecture of Tours
* Official Website of the Tours Volley Ball, French champion 2004
* Visiting Tours (in English)
* Satellite picture by Google Maps
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