Wilkie Collins
William Wilkie Collins (
8 January 1824–
23 September 1889) was an
English novelist,
playwright, and writer of short stories. He was hugely popular in his time, and wrote 27 novels, more than 50 short stories, at least 15 plays, and over 100 pieces of non-fiction work.
Collins was born in
London, the son of a well-known landscape artist, William. At 17 he left school and was apprenticed to a firm of tea merchants, but after five unhappy years, during which he wrote his first novel
Iolani, he entered
Lincoln's Inn to study law. (
Iolani remained unpublished for over 150 years until 1999.) After his father's death in
1847, Collins produced his first published book,
Memoirs of the Life of William Collins, Esq., R.A. (
1848), and also considered a career in painting, exhibiting a picture at the
Royal Academy summer exhibition in
1849, but it was with the publication of his first published novel
Antonina in
1850 that his career as a writer began in earnest.
An instrumental event in Collins' career occurred in
1851 when he was introduced to
Charles Dickens by a mutual friend,
Augustus Egg. They became lifelong friends and collaborators; several of Collins' novels were serialised in Dickens' weekly publication
All the Year Round, and Dickens later edited and published them himself.
Collins suffered from a form of
arthritis known as 'rheumatic gout', and became severely addicted to the
opium that he took (in the form of
laudanum) to relieve the pain. As a result he experienced paranoid delusions, the most notable being his conviction that he was constantly accompanied by a
doppelganger he dubbed 'Ghost Wilkie'. His novel
The Moonstone prominently features the effects of opium, and opium addiction. While he was writing it, Collins' consumption of Laudanum was such that he later claimed to have no memory of writing large parts of the novel.
Collins never married, but lived, on and off from
1858, with a widow, Mrs Caroline Graves and her daughter. He also fathered three children by another woman, Martha Rudd, whom he had met after Mrs Graves left him in
1868. Mrs Graves returned to Collins after two years and he continued both relationships until his death in 1889.
He is buried in
Kensal Green Cemetery, West London. His grave notes him as the author of
The Woman in White.
His works were classified at the time as '
sensation novels', a genre seen nowadays as the precursor to
detective fiction and
suspense fiction. He also wrote penetratingly on the plight of women and on the social and domestic issues of his time. Like many writers of his time, he published most of his novels as
serials in
magazines such as Dickens's
All the Year Round, and was known as a master of the form, creating just the right degree of suspense to keep his audience reading from week to week. (Sales of
All The Year Round actually increased when
The Woman in White succeeded
A Tale of Two Cities.)
He enjoyed ten years of great success following publication of
The Woman in White in 1859. His next novel, the melodramatic
Armadale, provoked strong criticism for its amoral villainess, but also enjoyed strong sales.
No Name combined social commentary - the absurdity of the law as it applied to children of unmarried parents - with a densely-plotted revenge thriller.
The Moonstone, published in 1868, can lay claim to being the first detective story in the English language. All four novels sold tens of thousands of copies in England, America and Europe.
The Woman in White and
The Moonstone share an unusual narrative structure, somewhat resembling an
epistolary novel, in which different portions of the book have different narrators, each with a distinctive narrative voice.
After
The Mooonstone, Collins's novels contained fewer thriller elements and more social commentary. The subject matter continued to be "sensational", but his popularity declined. Swinburne commented:"What brought good Wilkie's genius nigh perdition? Some demon whispered - 'Wilkie! have a mission."
Memoirs of the Life of William Collins, Esq., R.A. (1848)
Antonina (1850)
Basil (1852)
Mr Wray's Cash Box (1852)
Hide and Seek (1854)
The Dead Secret (1856)
The Woman in White (1860)
No Name (1862)
Armadale (1866)
The Moonstone (1868)
Man and Wife (1870)
Poor Miss Finch (1872)
Miss or Mrs? (1873)
The New Magdalen (1873)
The Law and the Lady (1875)
The Two Destinies (1876)
The Haunted Hotel (1878)
The Fallen Leaves (1879)
A Rogue's Life (1879)
My Lady's Money (1879)
Jezebel's Daughter (1880)
The Black Robe (1881)
Heart and Science (1883)
I Say No (1884)
The Evil Genius (1886)
The Guilty River (1886)
The Legacy of Cain (1889)
Blind Love (1889)
Iolani, or Tahiti as it was. A Romance (1999)
*
The Wilkie Collins Website*
Free ebook of Wilkie Collins at
Project Gutenberg*
Find-A-Grave profile for Wilkie Collins
