William Williams Pantycelyn
William Williams, Pantycelyn (also known as
Williams Pantycelyn and
Pantycelyn) (
1717 –
January 11,
1791) is generally acknowledged as
Wales's most important hymn writer. He was also one of the key leaders of the
18th century Welsh Methodist revival, along with
Daniel Rowland and
Howell Harris. As a poet and prose writer he is today considered to be one of
Wales's greatest writers.
Williams was born in the parish of
Llanfair-ar-y-bryn,
Carmarthenshire, early in
1717. His family were
nonconformists. He was educated locally and intended to become a doctor. This changed when he had a religious conversion while listening to
Howell Harris, the evangelical reformer, preaching in
Talgarth in 1737. He took
deacon's orders in the
Church of England in 1740 and was appointed curate to
Theophilus Evans (1693-1767) in the parishes of
Llanwrtyd, Llanfihangel Abergwesyn and Llanddewi Abergwesyn. Because of his Methodist activities he was refused ordination as a
priest and from then on he committed himself entirely to that movement. He travelled throughout the country preaching and establishing
seiadau, local fellowships of Methodist people, for the converts he won. He died in
1791.
In common with many other Welsh people whose names are less than unique, he was known by the
nickname or
bardic name of
Pantycelyn, this being the name of the farm in the parish of
Llanfair-ar-y-bryn where he lived for most of his life.
His virtuosity as a hymnwriter also earned him another nickname
Y pêr ganiedydd (The sweet singer).
He wrote some of his work in
English, but the majority is in
Welsh. He published his first work in 1744, the first part of
Aleluia, a collection of hymns. This was followed by further collections:
Hosanna i Fab Dafydd (Hosannah to the Son of David), 1751;
Rhai hymnau a chaniadau duwiol (Some godly hymns and songs), 1759;
Caniadau y rhai sydd ar y môr o wydr (The songs of those on the crystal sea), 1762;
Ffarwel weledig, groesaw anweledig bethau (Farwell seen, and welcome unseen things), 1763;
Gloria in exelsis, 1771;
Ychydig hymnau (A few hymns), 1774;
Rhai hymnau newyddion (Some new hymns), 1782.He also published two collections of English hymns:
Hosannah to the son of David, 1759;
Gloria in exelsis, 1772.
Possibly his best known hymn is
Arglwydd, arwain trwy'r anialwch (in English,
Lord, Lead Me Through The Wilderness, translated as the English Hymn
Guide me, O Thou Great Jehovah), usually sung to John Hughes'
Cwm Rhondda .
His hymns alone were not his only major contribution to the success of Calvinistic Methodism. He wrote two long poems on theological and religious themes.
Golwg ar deyrnas Crist (A view of Christ's kingdom), 1756, deals with the whole history of salvation and God's grace in Christ.
Bywyd a marwolaeth Theomemphus, 1764, deals with the religious experience of conversion and Christian living.
He also wrote a series of elegies in memory of various Methodist and other Christian leaders, including Griffith Jones (Llanddowror), Howel Davies (
Pembrokeshire),
George Whitfield, and
Daniel Rowland.
Williams also wrote original prose works and translated others from
English. They were mostly intended to be used by members of the Methodist fellowships he established.
In 1762 he published
Llythyr Martha Philopur at y Parchedig Philo Evangelius eu hathro (Martha Philopur's letter to the Reverend Philo Evangelius her teacher) followed by
Atteb Philo-Evangelius i Martha Philopur (Philo-Evangelius's reply to Martha Philopur) in 1763. These works were intended to defend and teach the significance of the 1762 revival at
Llangeitho. The 1762 revival was a very powerful one and which manifested its power physically. As a result, Methodists in Wales were very often known as 'Jumpers'.
Works such as
Doctor Nuptarum neu gyfarwyddwr priodas (Doctor Nupatrum or the marriage guide), 1777, and
Drws y society profiad (An introduction to the experience meeting), 1777, were written as practical guides to Christian living for the converts who were members of the
seiadau or societies.
*Hughes, Glyn Tegai (1983),
Williams Pantycelyn. Writers of Wales series. Cardiff : University of Wales Press on behalf of the Welsh Arts Council.
In English.*Roberts, Gomer Morgan (1949,1958),
Y pêr ganiedydd : Pantycelyn. 2 vols. Aberystwyth : Gwasg Aberystwyth.
In Welsh.*'Williams, William (1717-1791)'. In Meic Stephens (Ed.) (1998),
The new companion to the literature of Wales. Cardiff : University of Wales Press. ISBN 0708313833.
*
Williams Pantycelyn at the
National Library of Wales.
Gives access to a digital version of a manuscript in Williams's hand, NLW MS 77A.
