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About Ray Wilkinson
(Top Expert on this page)

Expertise
aircraft structures; artificial and induced environments - vibration, temperature, altitude, etc; conceptual design of aircraft; systems - hydraulics, electrical; safety, reliability and maintainability; rocketry, particularly propulsion; University admissions (UK only - not able to answer for other countries)

Experience
I teach all of the above at the University of Hertfordshire, UK, as a Principal Lecturer (17 years), previously Senior Engineer at BAe Dynamics (now MBDA) (11 years)

Organisations
Member of the Royal Aeronautical Society (Chairman of Hatfield Branch), Chartered Engineer, European Engineer, UKRA/Tripoli Level 2 rocketeer
A director of Spacefleet Ltd, a company involved in space tourism

Publications
My own book - Aircraft Structures and Systems, MechAero Publishing
Currently writing a book on rocketry

Education/Credentials
Bachelor of Technology degree in Aeronautical Engineering (1980), Loughborough University, UK

   

You are here:  Experts > Science > Aerospace/Aviation > Aeronautical Engineering

Questions Answered By Expert  Ray Wilkinson 
In Category  Aeronautical Engineering

SubjectDate Asked

After Degree3/23/2009
  Q: I am doing a degree aerospace technology at a UK university, and as placement are hard to come by ...
  A: There are two main routes for those wanting to pursue a career working on aircraft - to get a degree ...
engineering3/18/2009
  Q: I am doing B-tech in electronics engineering can i do M-tech in aeronautical engineering after my ...
  A: The Masters programmes we run here at the University of Hertfordshire are not intended as conversion ...
required qualification for B.Eng in Aeronautics3/6/2009
  Q: sir, I'm opting to visit & do a foundation course in engineering from a uk college/university. My Q ...
  A: Our University (Hertfordshire) accepts applicants with foundation courses, but I don't know for sure ...
sir, is there any course which i can persue after diploma3/5/2009
  Q: sir, is there any course which i can persue ,after my diploma in electrical engineering, in ...
  A: Assuming you're referring to courses in the UK (I don't know about other countries), then yes, ...
aeronautics eng+pilot training simultaneously2/28/2009
  Q: sir, i will be finishing my 12th standard this year . i have heard that there are few colleges that ...
  A: Nakash Here at the University of Hertfordshire, we have two programmes that are relevant to you - ...
hydraulic dampers2/27/2009
  Q: Ray, you mentioned the A380. The high pressure hydraulic pumps often generate destructive ...
  A: I haven't come across this term before, so I can't answer your question directly. From your ...
cofused how to get in to aeronotics stream2/24/2009
  Q: sir i m ME final year student and i badly want to join a course in air craft maintenance and ...
  A: We don't currently offer degrees in aircraft maintenance at Hertfordshire, but they do have ...
Unconventional aircraft2/22/2009
  Q: I need some information about unconventional aircrafts and their history best regards
  A: This looks like a homework question, and you haven't give me much in the way of specific details to ...
Is it possible to do aeronautic with commerce stream.2/21/2009
  Q: Im from Dubai ( United Arab Emirates )i have completed my 12th with commerce stream.My subjects are ...
  A: The bad news is that we would not be able to accept you on our aerospace engineering programmes with ...
aeronautical engineering2/17/2009
  Q: i have completed my as/a2 level and want to take up aeronautical engineering as further studies.so ...
  A: Sorry for the slow response to this one. It's been a busy week here and took me a while to get hold ...
aeronatics2/12/2009
  Q: i had interest in aeronautical engineering in m.tech after completion of b.tech(ece).wil i eligible ...
  A: I assume you're talking about our MSc programmes, which are postgraduate Masters programmes. I also ...
Decision Speed2/10/2009
  Q: On what all factor the Decision Speed of an aircraft decided?Is this parameter depends upon the load ...
  A: Decision speed (usually known as V1) is the lowest speed at which the aircraft is committed to ...
Microwave power transmission to aircrafts2/9/2009
  Q: I am currently doing some conceptual designs, which could replace the current propulsion systems for ...
  A: This is probably one of the most unusual questions I've ever received, and an interesting concept. ...
Wing shape2/7/2009
  Q: I have come across the term 'Taper ratio' in relation to wing shape. Do you know if this term is a ...
  A: Yes, taper ratio is a recognised term. For a simple wing with a straight taper it is the ration ...
Master studies in Aerospace and Astronautics2/5/2009
  Q: Sir I have completed my B.Tech in Electronics and Communication Engineering. I am desperatly ...
  A: I need to pass this onto our Admissions Tutor for the Masters degrees, and we've been affected by ...
after aeronautical engineering how to enter for pilot training2/4/2009
  Q: sir, iam doing my 1st year aeronautical engineering,ater that i would like to enter to ...
  A: Assuming you are in the UK - if you are elsewhere then the situation may be slightly different, but ...
Master studies in Aerospace and Astronautics2/3/2009
  Q: Sir I have completed my B.Tech in Electronics and Communication Engineering. I am desperatly ...
  A: I'm assuming that you are interested in studying in the UK, and that you have the necessary funding ...
What to do?1/24/2009
  Q: I have read your profile and i have to say that i am very impressed. However, the main reason i am ...
  A: I pursued a normal engineering career, and there's no reason why your brother can't do the same. ...
braking systems1/21/2009
  Q: Can you please tell how does the braking system in an aircraft works?
  A: Phew! Big question. Aircraft brakes work in a similar way to car brakes, but there are a few major ...
Aeronautical Eng.1/16/2009
  Q: Can someone out their who could answer this? What are the requirements before taking an entrance ...
  A: I don't really understand what you are asking. Can you please give me a bit more information for ...
Subjects For Aeronautics(A- Levels)1/15/2009
  Q: Sir I am in China and I am doing my A-levels currently.I am in AS right now. I study Core Maths, ...
  A: Looks like you are studying the best subjects. We ask for A level Maths and a science, preferably ...
ms in aerospace1/10/2009
  Q: i am doing B.Tech from electrical engineering and i want to go ms in aerospace. how it is possible ...
  A: You may be able to go into aerospace, but if you were applying here we would definitely have a ...
aeronautical -MS1/8/2009
  Q: Sir ,pl kindly let me know which specialized subject i have to choose in MS aviation towards further ...
  A: Can you please be more specific in your wording, as I'm not clear what you are asking. Please note ...
camera on a model airplane1/5/2009
  Q: my name is Inna. I'm a student in the Technion (Israeli institute of technology). on one of my ...
  A: I don't know of any websites off-hand, but it's easy enough to Google for them. I can give you a ...
which one is better AME or Aeronautical engeering7/20/2007
  Q: sir my aim is to become an airlines official.so i want to know whether AME is better or ...
  A: A maintenance engineer is responsible for carrying out any maintenance operations on an aircraft ...
turbines7/16/2007
  Q: I was wondering if there is a turbine situated below the tail of a jet? Well,not really a turbine, ...
  A: You are correct that there's an engine under the tail of most airliners, but it isn't propulsion. ...
Admission in Aeronautical Engineering7/16/2007
  Q: I have done my 12 grade and wish to pursue Aeronautical Engineering but unfortunately i didnt have ...
  A: Unfortunately we don't accept students onto our aerospace programmes without Maths, as you just ...
Need your suggestion7/13/2007
  Q: My name is Maulik Kalolia, I've completed my Diploma in mechanical engineering on the 10th (S.S.C.) ...
  A: As I state in my profile, I'm only able to advise on the UK education system. If you are intending ...
M.S in aeronautics7/11/2007
  Q: I am currently doing computer engg. in a mumbai college . Can you tell me what GRE marks would be ...
  A: I can only answer for my own university, the University of Hertfordshire. We wouldn't offer a ...
aeronautical engg.7/5/2007
  Q: what is the effect of gravity on the space rocket while it enter into orbit of earth?
  A: Nice question (tricky answer). For anything to be in orbit around the Earth (or any other body), the ...
aeronautics6/30/2007
  Q: Is that difficult to study aeronautics for a average person?
  A: That's an easy and a difficult question to answer. You need to have sound maths, as many of the ...
Should i do mechanical or aeronautical engineering6/26/2007
  Q: My name is Marclay Dantzler after i graduate from college i want to become a air force pilot. But ...
  A: When I have discussions with Air Force recruitment people, they tell me the biggest problem they ...
to become an aeeronautical engineer6/18/2007
  Q: i completed my 12 th i want to become an aeronautical engineer so plzz give m,e the information ...
  A: Your question is very brief. If you want become an aeronautical engineer the most practical way is ...
which one is better AME or Aeronautical engeering6/14/2007
  Q: sir my aim is to become an airlines official.so i want to know whether AME is better or ...
  A: Can you please let me have some more-detailed information. It would depend on what specifically you ...
Temperature.6/12/2007
  Q: My name is Ryan Groenewald& i am a keen aircraft enthusiast.When an aircraft needs to take off,the ...
  A: Gas turbine engines produce thrust in proportion to their mass flow, but the fan and compressor ...
question about pitot tubes6/5/2007
  Q: Are pitot tubes like lightsabers? Are you supposed to make your own? Because I am having a hell of a ...
  A: I've quizzed my aerodynamics colleagues, and they've sent some advice, although I'm not sure it will ...
career in aeronautics5/25/2007
  Q: sir,i have completed my b.tech in aeronautics in india.i am now planning to pursue my masters degree ...
  A: Aeronautics covers a wide range of fields, from aircraft design and manufacture, to operations, to ...
thrust to weight ratio5/20/2007
  Q: what is the highest thrust to weight ratio on a military fighter? thank you, Riley
  A: I don't know the exact answer, but here goes. Until recently, the only fighter that had a ...
aerospace engineering5/18/2007
  Q: Sir,I want to know what is the difference between aeronautics engineering and aerospace ...
  A: There's no difference at all - it's just fashion. The modern name is aerospace engineering, ...
aeronautical engg5/17/2007
  Q: ...
  A: I'm assuming you want to do the MSc in the UK, as I can't answer for Universities in the rest of the ...
aircraft design5/14/2007
  Q: I am researching star wars N1, and T-65X-Wing jets and I have not been able to find an affordable ...
  A: I haven't really the space to explain how jet engines work, and it isn't my area. However, ...
airplane structure5/12/2007
  Q: Please say me how much the I-shape beams are important in an airplane structure. or how much they ...
  A: Beams in any structure are components that are loaded in bending. The taller the beam the stiffer it ...
Difference between mechanical and aeronautical engineering5/8/2007
  Q: what is the basic point of difference between mech. engg. and aeronautical engg.? also what is their ...
  A: Aeronautical engineering (often also referred to as aerospace) is a specialist field of mechanical ...
temperature5/6/2007
  Q: how metal used inthe aeroplane can suffer extreme heat?which metal is used? is metal used in war ...
  A: All metals have a melting point, and also a temperature at which they begin to lose their strength. ...
A380 Landing gear5/5/2007
  Q: well thank you so much for your answer.anyhow sir i want to ask you about A380 landing gear can you ...
  A: Pressure is Force/Area, and the A380 has 26 wheels compared to the 18 of the 747 and the 14 of the ...
A380 hydraulic system5/3/2007
  Q: am doing a final year project about designing and innovation on A380 in Perth college.A380 used ...
  A: I was in Toulouse a couple of years ago, and met one of the systems engineers - we spent a couple of ...
wind forces with speed?4/26/2007
  Q: im writing a technical report on the design of some wind sails which I hope will catch the wind only ...
  A: I'm not too sure I understand exactly the geometry of your device, but I can answer your general ...
Jobs4/17/2007
  Q: Im applying for both Aeronautical engineering and aerospace systems engineering for next year. I ...
  A: I'm pleased you have applied for these courses. There are differences in job opportunities of ...
queries about applying for aero-eng.4/5/2007
  Q: sir, my question is that apart from IIT-jee how i could apply for aero-eng.whts the eligibility ...
  A: Before I can answer this, I will need some more information. Can you please explain where in the ...
guidelines in aeronautical engineering3/28/2007
  Q: sir, i have just completed my 12th and i m really very much interested in aeronautical engg. i know ...
  A: As I explain in my profile I don't know the Indian grading system, nor much about the Indian ...
Question3/21/2007
  Q: my name is will am doing final year Beng in aerospace and i have project about critically analysis ...
  A: Sorry, I don't understand your question, but it looks a though it's a question about engine ...
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING3/19/2007
  Q: I have completed my DIPLOMA in Aeronautical Engineering. I am currently looking for Internship or a ...
  A: You haven't made it clear which country you are in, so I can't judge what level your diploma ...
About Aeronautical and Aerospace?3/8/2007
  Q: Im Hassan currently studying in a Year 0 in University of Glamorgan, Wales UK. I am confused rather ...
  A: Hassan Which course is best depends on what you want to do when you graduate, and your question ...
Experts Needed for dissertation2/7/2007
  Q: I am a doctoral student at the University of LaVerne, CA. I am in need of expert participants such ...
  A: Sorry, I can't help for the following reasons: i) I don't have the time to participate in such a ...
Part nomenclature2/1/2007
  Q: What's the difference between a PIPE, a TUBE and a DUCT. I already have a leaning, but would like ...
  A: Sorry if you get a decline for this, I clicked and scrolled at the same time. Anyway, I would think ...
Structual engineering assistance1/22/2007
  Q: I am building a kit aircraft and wish to make a change to the gear.. moving it from a fuselage to ...
  A: As you are obviously aware, this is not a trivial thing, and may well have have certification ...
master1/18/2007
  Q: i need your advise in that .can i do master in any thing that belong to the airplane that's what i ...
  A: I don't think you would be able to enrol on an aerospace engineering Master's programme without ...
Difference between Aerospace Engineering and Aeronautical Engineering1/13/2007
  Q: But you didn't say anything about the difference between Aerospace Engineering and Aeronautical ...
  A: Sorry Jojo, I didn't answer that part. There's no difference at all - it's just fashion. The modern ...
Difference between Aerospace Engineering and Aeronautical Engineering1/12/2007
  Q: Sir, I'm Jojo Joy from India. I completed my Mechanical Engineering. I'd like to do masters in ...
  A: I've checked with my colleague, and he tells me that British Masters degrees are highly regarded ...
Aeronautical Engineering1/10/2007
  Q: Sir, My name is Jojo Joy. I'm from India. I completed my bachelor's degree in mechanical ...
  A: Firstly, it's quite possible for you to get a job in the aircraft industry with a Mechanical ...
Contraptions attached to airplane wings12/28/2006
  Q: Since a few months I found airplanes and aerodynamics really interesting. I have learned a lot about ...
  A: Sorry for the delay in responding, as I'm on leave and don't have much time to attend to emails. ...
A380_aluminium12/21/2006
  Q: I recently read that that part of the delay of the A380 is due to the switch from copper to ...
  A: I've certainly not heard of using aluminium cable before the A380, but I gather the weight saving is ...
vertical thrust aircraft12/11/2006
  Q: weight of armament carrying capability of vertical take off aircraft such as a harrier vertical ...
  A: The Harrier's engine produces 21750 lbs of thrust (9860kg), and it has a dry weight of 5940kg, ...
pressurized experimental aircraft11/16/2006
  Q: I hope everything it's ok. I live in Puerto Rico, the very first "big" Island you will encounter ...
  A: This is a tricky question to answer. The fuselage of an aircraft needs to be designed from the ...
Crashworthy Helicopter Sub-floor Structure11/11/2006
  Q: Mr. Wilkinson, The helicopter subfloor structure has to be designed so as to limit the deceleration ...
  A: Sorry for the delay in responding to this one. It's not in direct area of experience so I asked one ...
how to work at nasa11/10/2006
  Q: sir, i m an indian electronics engineering student studying here only. sir i am deeply interested in ...
  A: Wow, this is a diffcult one. Basically, what happens if you want to work in the USA is that you need ...
eligiblity11/6/2006
  Q: i am doing medical aspirants in 10+2... i want to know that can medical students persue their career ...
  A: There is a field of Aviation Medicine, dealing specifically with the medical aspects of flight, so ...
aeronautics11/2/2006
  Q: i am in class 12. i am very keen to be an astronaut. please help me as to what i should take up for ...
  A: I would have said that an engineering degree will help as much as any towards fulfilling your ...
Mechanical engineering / Aeronautics10/21/2006
  Q: I am a mechanical engineering student, although I have a great interest in Aeronautics studies for ...
  A: A mechanical engineering degree can be a very good basis for a career in aerospace engineering. One ...
Aircraft Wings10/1/2006
  Q: I wanted to know what makes the wings of new military aircraft such as the F-22 superior to older ...
  A: There are several major changes that have improved wings over the last few years: 1. A move to ...
replying to ur advice9/26/2006
  Q: respected sir i am sorry for not specifying my interest.as i will be finishing my bachelors ...
  A: Manju I've had a response from my colleague, and he advises that it would not be possible for you ...
eligibility9/25/2006
  Q: respected sir, i am doing my bachelors degree(B.E) in electronics n communication..i will be ...
  A: It isn't clear to me whether your question refers to a second Bachelors degree or to a Masters ...
A3809/23/2006
  Q: I've seen the A380 get off the ground and fly and im very amazed. I have several questions regarding ...
  A: Kevin I like curiosity... I had the pleasure of visiting Toulouse last September, although they ...
Aircraft Engines9/14/2006
  Q: If an airplane engine exploded in midair, what could be the best cause for it?
  A: It's almost unknown for an engine actually to explode, but there are many cases of engines breaking ...
stress values from impact loads9/7/2006
  Q: Nr. Wilkinson, I would like to find an analytic solution to the problem of a water particle ...
  A: Sorry to respond so late on this one. I asked my colleagues here at the University whether anyone ...
aeroplane8/31/2006
  Q: can aeroplane stop flying and float,without moving
  A: Assuming you mean an airliner (i.e. a large aircraft), and ignoring the obvious of seaplanes etc. ...
masters/job in aeronautical engineering8/26/2006
  Q: I have completed my bachelors in electronics and communication engineering. i look forward to do my ...
  A: Congratulations on completing your Bachelor degree. I would say currently that aeronautics would be ...
Directional Control Valve Chatter8/22/2006
  Q: What causes chatter in directional control hydraulic valves? I have a four way, three position DCV ...
  A: John I don't know the design of DCV's so I can't be specific, but chatter is caused by an ...
Aeronautical Engineering tips8/20/2006
  Q: My name is Andrew and i just enlisted in the airforce but want to apply for the the enlisted ...
  A: The most important thing about aeronautical engineering is the maths. Most of the stuff you'll be ...
aircraft carbon brake8/16/2006
  Q: i am doing my project about the aircraft brake with respect to the different temperature.i would ...
  A: Sorry, I don't know a great deal about carbon brakes, but I'm certain there will not be any resin in ...
gre score for aeronautics8/10/2006
  Q: im prarthana doing my btech final year in mechanics engineering.i would like to do my masters in ...
  A: Prarthana Sorry, I don't know the details of your system, so I can't say whether your score would ...
about jobs°ree7/29/2006
  Q: as i have get u r ans i want to know the exat degree & the main companiees where &how i should apply ...
  A: Saurabh You should aim to get a degree in aerospace engineering, aerospace systems engineering or ...
about jobs°ree7/23/2006
  Q: what kinds of job we can get in aeronautics what kind of aeronautical degree is capable to get jobin ...
  A: There is a wide range of jobs available, from structural design, to avionics design, to ...
Aircraft Propeller Design6/20/2006
  Q: Ray, Thanks, here is a follow up: The interest comes for experimental aircraft intentions. Yes, I ...
  A: Oscar The C-130 can be seen in detail on the RAF Lyneham website, which shows both variants. Take a ...
Aircraft Propellor Design6/20/2006
  Q: My question is about aviation propellor technology. We have seen the same basic airscrew prop ...
  A: Oscar Sorry, propellers are not really my field, but I'll try to help. In fact, airscrew ...
about AME &AERONAUTIAL ENGG.6/19/2006
  Q: Sir, i am 17 year old boy from INDIA(bombay) & i have passed 12th with 60% marks in PCM i am ...
  A: Vaibhav Sorry, I don't know how your assessment system works in India, so I don't know what PCM is. ...
Aeronautical Engg6/18/2006
  Q: I am suraj singh from india.i am 17 years old and have completed 12th with PCM scoring 63%. i would ...
  A: There is opportunity for aeronautical engineers in India, as you do have an indigenous aerospace ...
supersonic6/14/2006
  Q: if you had a chance to make a air craft with 2rolls royce mk 602 turbojets, 2pratt and whitney j3tc ...
  A: You can calculate the Mach number by dividing the speed of the aircraft by the local speed of sound. ...
Lift Vs mass or weight6/7/2006
  Q: Ray..... A friend referred me to you as being the Guru of Difficult questions. I hope you have the ...
  A: Peter This is a classic textbook question! To answer it you need to consider equilibrium and ...
turbo fan question help5/18/2006
  Q: im a mechanical engineer in the polymer sector by trade, but have been asked by by my nephew now ...
  A: I'm not a GT specialist and don't have the textbooks handy to look it up, but here goes: You don't ...
top most carrer in aeronautical eng.5/9/2006
  Q: sir i have just completed my 12th grade from GSEB(gujarat State Education board) (with 55%)and i am ...
  A: Ishan To answer your last question first - I don't know the colleges in Gujurat, so you should ...
Aircraft configuration for the environment.4/14/2006
  Q: I am currently stuck on a report for university. The aim is to propose an aircraft configuration ...
  A: Aishah I can't help you with drawing up your design, I'm afraid, but the following may help: ...
Conceptual design of cold air blimp3/25/2006
  Q: Ray I want to be able to pull a 40ft cold air blimp behind a boat traveling at approximately 15 to ...
  A: Bob This is a tricky one, and not strictly within my area of expertise, as it's aerodynamics and ...

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