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About Michael Troy
(Top Expert on this page)

Expertise
I will answer questions relating to discrimination law or the 14th Amendment, sexual harrassment, etc. But I can`t give specific legal advice involving specific cases you might have.

Experience
I have worked as an attorney in this area, including several landmark cases involving racial preferences (such as Hopwood v. Texas).

Organizations
Former Attorney with the Center for Individual Rights.

Publications
Washington Times
Washington Post

Education/Credentials
JD from University of Michigan Law School

   

You are here:  Experts > Arts/Humanities > Political Science > Affirmative Action/Quotas/Civil Rights

Questions Answered By Expert  Michael Troy 
In Category  Affirmative Action/Quotas/Civil Rights

SubjectDate Asked

Renting to Illegal Aliens11/11/2009
  Q: I saw a question you answered in May pertaining to renting to illegal aliens. How does this differ ...
  A: There is no US law that requires landlords to determine the status of possible illegal alien. In ...
ADA versus Affirmative Action10/24/2009
  Q: What are the differences between ADA and Affirmative Action?
  A: The ADA is a specific law designed to give special employment and housing rights to the disabled. ...
hate crime8/20/2009
  Q: About four years ago we experienced a situation in which our neighbors were constantly harassing us ...
  A: Disability may be covered by some hate crime laws, but even it it was, your disability would have to ...
"hate Crime"8/19/2009
  Q: About four years ago we experienced a situation in which our neighbors were constantly harassing us ...
  A: Sorry to hear about your situation. Please keep in mind that I cannot provide specific legal advice ...
harassment8/18/2009
  Q: I am a student at a college. Once the instructor suddenly had black marks on her neck, swellings, ...
  A: I cannot comment directly in this forum on whether a specific incident constitutes a violation of ...
Affirmative Action7/21/2009
  Q: Respected Sir, I am bit confused about the detailing of the question pls help. 1.Can attirmative ...
  A: Affirmative Action is a vague term used to cover a wide variety of practices. In the sense of being ...
Affirmative Action7/13/2009
  Q: What is the difference between Affrimative Action and Quotas?
  A: Affirmative action is a rather vague term that covers a broad range of activities designed to help ...
renting to aliens5/10/2009
  Q: How do illegal aliens renting rights as differ from US citizens. Do landlords have legal risks in ...
  A: Generally speaking, one's citizenship status has no affect on leases or rental agreements. ...
why do people that are here4/21/2009
  Q: why do people that are here illegally have the right to use our court system? shouldnt that be for ...
  A: Any person who has an issue for which a US court has jurisdiction has the right to use the court ...
illegal aliens4/16/2009
  Q: I know that my employer hires illegal aliens and pays them cash under the table (specifically with ...
  A: It is illegal to hire someone who does not have proof of legal residency. It is also illegal to pay ...
impounding of vehicle3/21/2009
  Q: In Michigan, a man was arrested for soliciting a prostitute and his vehicle was impounded. The wife ...
  A: The argument behind civil forfeiture is that the item used in the crime, in this case the care, is ...
Signing a Declaration3/11/2009
  Q: An investigator wants me to sign a declaration regarding my statements as to sexual harrassment I ...
  A: Please keep in mind that I cannot provide specific legal advice in this forum. For that you would ...
Constitutional rights2/24/2009
  Q: Is violation of my Constitutional rights illegal? Would it (or could it) warrant a lawsuit? I was ...
  A: Of course, you can choose not to shop there. Also, once the sale is made, you can do anything (that ...
Constitutional rights2/24/2009
  Q: Is violation of my Constitutional rights illegal? Would it (or could it) warrant a lawsuit? I was ...
  A: I understand your feelings and agree this this is an incredibly stupid policy. That said, a private ...
foreign accents1/7/2009
  Q: Michael Not really a civil rights question but I wasnt sure who to ask hoping you can help. I live ...
  A: I'm not sure one can do much about a language barrier. Most cities have policies that prevent ...
Justice in the courtroom11/29/2008
  Q: .. I need help with some questions and I pray that you can help me. The Supreme Court has ...
  A: The Supreme Court has held that courts are not permitted to discriminate based on race when picking ...
Protest Against Iraq War10/23/2008
  Q: I apologize if this is not your field, but I thought I'd at least give this a try. I understand ...
  A: I think you would be hard pressed to fine much of any mainstream opposition to the initial war ...
Protest Against Iraq War10/21/2008
  Q: I apologize if this is not your field, but I thought I'd at least give this a try. I understand ...
  A: This is a little off topic for me, but I'll take a shot. Firstly, there was no Iraq War right ...
reasonable accomodation and undue hardship4/27/2008
  Q: What is the significance of "reasonable accommodation" and "undue hardship" as they relate to ...
  A: These rather vague terms are used by the courts to determine how far an employer must go to ...
No Interview...4/2/2008
  Q: If I apply to a federal position and meet and exceed all the education and experience requirements ...
  A: I cannot provide any specific legal advice in what is a fact specific situation. But in general, if ...
civil rights8/28/2007
  Q: I am righting wondering if you can answer a question. I was injured and lost my hearing and the ...
  A: Please keep in mind that I cannot provide specific legal advice in this forum regarding your case. ...
arresting solicitors of prostition7/11/2007
  Q: If someone is charged with prostitution or solicitation of prostitution is there a difference ...
  A: Generally speaking, the equal protection clause prevents discrimination based on sex when ...
minority/majority7/10/2007
  Q: How is the determination calculated to establish "minority/majority"?? Is this done by zip code, ...
  A: For most civil rights litigation, and underreprented group is determined by calculating whether a ...
going crazy5/19/2007
  Q: I have a friend who has a boyfriend. Her boyfriend's parent's have been stocking him, following him, ...
  A: Watching people is not necessarily illegal, but when it becomes harrassing as this sounds, one can ...
Should juveniles be tried as adults?5/7/2007
  Q: I am writing a persuasive paper on why juveniles should not be tried as adults and I was hoping to ...
  A: This is, of course a matter of personal opionion. There are valid arguments on both sides. My ...
harrasment & discrimination from boss at work4/1/2007
  Q: i recently quit my previous job because the manager and assistant manager (at Party City Rockville, ...
  A: There is nothing particularly illegal about calling people names or using foul language. However, ...
ths question had been bugging me1/20/2007
  Q: agreed but then i want to know why the property price in india is that high? y do people want to ...
  A: Well, for starters, India is the most densely populated country in the world. Therefore, land is at ...
ths question had been bugging me1/20/2007
  Q: i need to know... the proprty prices in most cities of india are approximately equal and even more ...
  A: While it is true that property values in select Indian cities have become quite high, and that there ...
Unconstitutional1/6/2007
  Q: How do you go about filing charges against the Federal Government for years of cruel and unusual ...
  A: The Federal government is subject to sovereign immunity, meaning it cannot be sued civilly. One ...
discrimination12/26/2006
  Q: I am a Corporate HR Manger for a large privately held services provider to the global automotive ...
  A: From your description, it sounds like the poor treatment is due to a personal conflict between you ...
Harrassment12/12/2006
  Q: My brother is currently in prison and is being harassed by his counselor. His counselor is a former ...
  A: Legally, a prisoner can file a complaint with prison authorities. But in reality, filing such a ...
Illegal Aliens rights12/5/2006
  Q: Do illegal aliens pay taxes, get social security, medicaid/medicare?Do u know if they can receive ...
  A: They are ineligible for Social Security or Medicaid/Medicare. If they are getting it, it is with ...
Illegal Aliens rights12/5/2006
  Q: Do u know if they can receive any government assistance & if so,what kind, can they have a bank ...
  A: Illegal aliens can take advantage of general services such as use of parks, museums, etc. Their ...
Stolen dogs & Animal Rescue12/4/2006
  Q: Big problem is that the Judge let her (my wife) out of the lawsuit I brought against her, the vet ...
  A: Well, it sounds like there are problems establishing ownership because your wife is claiming some ...
Illegal Aliens rights12/1/2006
  Q: I'm doing a project for school and I want to know about the rights of illegal aliens. My part of ...
  A: By and large, illegal aliens have the same rights as any other US resident. They have the right to ...
Stolen dogs & Animal Rescue12/1/2006
  Q: While I was in the hospital last July I had family and friends taking care of my home & dogs in my ...
  A: and sorry to hear about your difficulties. From the facts given, there are no Constitutional rights ...
My Language skill11/11/2006
  Q: I am being forced to speak spanish just cause human resources says it is listed on my application ...
  A: Generally speaking, an employer can build in any requirements they want into a job. These ...
Layoff11/3/2006
  Q: My 58 year old brother was laid off tues after 13 years at a car dealership bodyshop because they ...
  A: On its face, your description certainly sounds like it raises an issue of age discrimination. He ...
illegal alien rights9/6/2006
  Q: What law(s) are you basing your answer on that people in this country illegally have the same basic ...
  A: Basic Constitutional rights, such as the rights of free speech, freedom of religion, due process, ...
invasion of privacy/stalking8/15/2006
  Q: I am having a problem with a family who resides in my neighborhood.My son recently had an ...
  A: Sorry to hear about your difficulties. Unfortunately, I cannot provide specific legal advice in ...
Racial Discrimination/Retaliation/Negligence8/8/2006
  Q: Are there any circumstances where a public school admin. can release a student to an 'unauthorized' ...
  A: It sounds like there are a number of issues here. As with many discrimination cases, it could be ...
Sexual harassment8/2/2006
  Q: How can one be sure where the line is of what is and isn't sexual harassment. I hate having to guess ...
  A: I certainly understand your confusion. Sexual harassment law is extremely vague as to what is ...
Affirmative action6/30/2006
  Q: I am foreign student writing a paper about positive/affirmative action in employment. I would be ...
  A: In the 1960's and 70's the Courts took a fairly liberal view in allowing employers, and in some ...
sacrifice?3/9/2006
  Q: My name is Moe. Is openly demonstrating and protesting the way to go? Could you comment on the ...
  A: I suppose given the choice between the two, it is better to know what is going on regarding ...
STOCKING LAWS12/30/2005
  Q: IS IT ONLY AN ARRESTABLE CRIME IF THE STOCKER HARMS THE PERSON THIER STOCKING?
  A: No. In most, if not all states, stalking is a crime in itself -- even if the stalker causes no ...
Being arrested on my Mother in Law's word11/14/2005
  Q: Recently I was arrested for child terroist threat ( telling her I would kick butt if she did not do ...
  A: Sorry to hear about your difficulties. Unfortunately, I am not permitted to provide specific legal ...
Criminal Background10/26/2005
  Q: Michael, I have new neighbors, of which I am suspicious, and would like to know if they have any ...
  A: Like the majority of States, Maryland has sex offender files online but does not have any sort of ...
Criminal Background10/22/2005
  Q: Michael, I have new neighbors, of which I am suspicious, and would like to know if they have any ...
  A: Criminal convictions are usually public record, but finding that information can be very difficult. ...
affirmative action for women8/16/2005
  Q: I'd like to ask about the affirmative action towards women in The US.First,if it exists and its ...
  A: Affirmative action is simply an attempt to do something to help an under-represented group become ...
Affirmative action regarding Racial Discrimination7/21/2005
  Q: A. In a society which suffers from a minority racial imbalance due to racial discrimination ...
  A: I suppose it depends on what you mean by "affirmative action." This rather vague phrase can be used ...
Affirmative action program6/28/2005
  Q: As to affirmative action programs, minority racial groups benefit from special places reserved for ...
  A: Affirmative action does not always mean reserving places for minorities. Reserved spots are called ...
juvenile justice5/10/2005
  Q: what are some reasons that support that juveniles should be tried as adults?
  A: The main argument for trying juveniles as adults is that if they commit the same crimes as adults ...
Affirmative Action questions4/5/2005
  Q: Troy, Would you take the time to answer and discuss the following questions? Thank you In your ...
  A: "Affirmative Action" is a broad and very vague term. At it's most basic level it means taking steps ...
civil liberty3/19/2005
  Q: I am doing research on Civil Liberty and need you help, can you please tell me In your opinion what ...
  A: "Civil liberty" is basically just a term which means the freedoms that are available for you in your ...
Rights of Jurors for Privacy-when selected for Jury Duty?3/15/2005
  Q: My husband got called for Jury Duty , he couldnt believe that the Murder suspect was allowed to SIT ...
  A: As unfair as it may seem to you, criminal defendants have a right to be a part of all aspects of ...
juveniles tried as adults12/3/2004
  Q: I have to write a papaer on juveniles being tried as adults and I wanted your opinion. I have to ...
  A: My own personal view is that juveniles should not be tried as adults. Although the juvenile ...
Timeline9/21/2004
  Q: Would you be able to give me a timeline from the beginning of our country to the end where everyone ...
  A: I'm not sure I unserstand your question. The point of the line in the declaration is that everyone ...
Discrimination9/14/2004
  Q: Is it legal for certain organizations and institutions to discriminate against people based on their ...
  A: Race sex and certain other forms of discrimination are illegal for employers or places of public ...
Affirmative action8/5/2004
  Q: Do you think that due to Michigan cases (Gratz and Grutter), in the near future, the attitude to the ...
  A: The Gratz and Grutter decisions ended up being a fairly muddled outcome that didn't really please ...
electoral franchise8/1/2004
  Q: i'm a law student in Israel and under a survay i'm doing comparing the israeli legal system to the ...
  A: The right to vote is as pretty much as fundamental a right as we have. There are numerous cases ...
dignity of the dead7/30/2004
  Q: "Hellow my name is igael attias and i am a law student from israel. i am working on a law project ...
  A: The US Constitution says nothing about the treatment of dead bodies. There is no particular ...
alien's rights7/27/2004
  Q: im doing a research about alien's rights. which rights do they have? do they have any protection in ...
  A: Aliens living in the US have pretty much the same Constitutional rights as everyone else. The only ...
ACLU7/18/2004
  Q: Who supports and pays for the ACLU activites? Does the taxpayer pay any portion?
  A: The ACLU has been a privately funded organization ever since it was founded in 1920. For the most ...
affermative action7/13/2004
  Q: affermative action has developed in the last decades, in your opinion where is this policy going?, ...
  A: Affirmative Action started in the late 1960's, shortly after the Civil Rights laws were passed. The ...
the difference between illegal discrimination and permissible distinction7/5/2004
  Q: I am an Israeli law.student writing a paper on the difference between illegal discrimination and ...
  A: That is a rather broad topic. Generally in the US, there are two major areas of discrimination. ...
Affirmative Action6/18/2004
  Q: Is Affirmative Action a voluntary program and does it involve quotas?
  A: The term "affirmative action" is rather meaninless out of context. It basically means taking ...
What is America's greatest...6/18/2004
  Q: What is America's greatest dilenma currently? Does it has more than one? What are the solutions?
  A: There are always many dilemmas facing a country. It is pretty subjective to say which is the ...
Please Help Me5/27/2004
  Q: I really need someone's input. My lawyer doesn't care, all he does is yell at me. I am 39 and this ...
  A: Sorry to hear about your difficulties. However, the sad reality is that jail is not a nice place ...
Constitution and Amendment Classification5/8/2004
  Q: In a States Executive Judicial declaration of court rules in evidentuary hearings,it states within ...
  A: I read through your question several times but am still not sure I understand what you are asking. ...
Please answer asap5/3/2004
  Q: I am a senior in high school and writing my senior paper on the topic of Brown vs. Board of ...
  A: I suppose it depends on what you think it was supposed to accomplish. The immediate goal of the ...
Alternative resources?4/21/2004
  Q: ...Thank you for responding so quickly,...In responce to a part of your suggestions,..as of 1999 ...
  A: Courts have conflict of interest laws, but unless you have some specific reason why there is a ...
detaining4/20/2004
  Q: i have been stopped many times in my life by people like police officers,security guards,etc. i ...
  A: I cannot provide specific legal advice here, except to say you should consult with an attorney if ...
Need to be "pointed"in the right direction,concerning ADA/Retaliation Fed.Case4/19/2004
  Q: Troy, I have a ADA/Retaliation Civil Action pending against my former employer,a municipality.I ...
  A: Sorry ot hear about your continuing difficulties with the legal system. One unfortunate aspect of ...
Personal property4/18/2004
  Q: I had all of my personal belongings taken from me at the time of my divorce, a motion was filed to ...
  A: There are two parts of the Constitution that deal with the right to property. First, one may not be ...
Amendment 24/10/2004
  Q: i was just wondering,which city in Colorado did the Amendment 2 started?hope to hear from you ...
  A: Amendment 2 did not start in any one place. The initiative was put on the ballot by a petition ...
Full pardon4/7/2004
  Q: I am in the process of receiving a full pardon from Governor Jeb Bush to re-instate my civil ...
  A: My thoughts should not be construed as legal advice. If you want an authoritative opinion on the ...
racial radio4/7/2004
  Q: My mom saw this article about a commentator of one of Las Vegas's radio stations. He was insulting ...
  A: Sorry to hear about your experience, but that is exactly the sort of thing that the First Amendment ...
discrimination3/30/2004
  Q: Since you are unable to comment on any ongoing actual civil cases we will assume that this ...
  A: Having a vandetta against a particular employee, treating him unfairly, verbally abusing him, or ...
impact on Affirmative action3/29/2004
  Q: If the U.S. decides to import workers or export jobs, would that eliminate the need for the ...
  A: I don't think the two are really related. However, it might help if we define the terms a little. ...
Branches of Government3/18/2004
  Q: I know you may not have knowledge to share on my situation,yet please read for at the end there is ...
  A: Administrative procedure can be a complicated process. Unfortunately, a just result does not ...
Branches of Government3/18/2004
  Q: I know you may not have knowledge to share on my situation,yet please read for at the end there is ...
  A: I know it sounds like a violation of the separation of powers, but the Supreme Court has held that ...
what should I do? Do I havew a case?3/14/2004
  Q: J.W. AND C. L. VITTITOW 695 west blue lick road lot # 55 Shepherdsville, Ky. 40165-7989 ...
  A: First off, let me say that I am not licensed to practice law in Kentucky and therefore cannot ...
Who else can I contact?2/22/2004
  Q: I live with a person who is a member of the "protected class." I feel we have been discriminated ...
  A: Sorry to hear about your difficulties. The First Amendment protects name-calling, but it does not ...
Third Reconstruction11/26/2003
  Q: I have to write an essay based on Eric Mann's book "Dispatches from Durban". But I don't understand ...
  A: I can't say I've read the book. I did read an online review just to figure out what was meant by ...
why do you htink people judge people by the color of there skin?9/23/2003
  Q: Good day, My name is Selina and I am working on a project for my Information Technology class. I ...
  A: There is a difference between discrimination based on skin color and discrimination based on race or ...
affirmative action8/15/2003
  Q: Do you think affirmative action is important for minorties and why?
  A: Affirmative action is a rather vague term that can mean many things. Originally, it just meant ...
Quotas7/30/2003
  Q: Are they legal? I am writing a paper for school about affirmative action. The premis is " Is ...
  A: Affirmative action is an inherently vague term that is really almost meaningless. It really is just ...
CREDIT CHECKS7/15/2003
  Q: "" I HAVE BEEN ON TWO INTERVIEWS AND WAS WONDERING IF I SHOULD MENTION THE FACT THAT I FILED FOR ...
  A: First off, let me say that it is illegal for me to provide specific legal advice to you without ...
Supreme Court decisions7/4/2003
  Q: I don't understand the meaning of the two recent U.S. Supreme Court decisions on college admissions. ...
  A: First off, I think most "Negroes" prefer to be called black people or African-Americans these days. ...
government5/27/2003
  Q: What is the differnce between civil rights and civil liberties?
  A: The two terms are usually used interchangably. They both refer to certain authority granted to you ...
Juveniles tried as adults5/13/2003
  Q: I am look for the disadvantage or the negative impact of trying Juveniles as adults. I am doing a ...
  A: The main reason children have not traditionally been tried as adults is that people see a ...
The Patriot Act5/7/2003
  Q: What do you know about the Patriot Act which became a law in October 21, 2001? This act from the ...
  A: The law itself is neutral. The criticism most frequently heard against it is that it gives the ...
harrassment by boss1/29/2003
  Q: I currently have no case. Q: Boss is provoking me by accusing me of breaking rules that I didn't ...
  A: First, keep in mind that I am not permitted to provide specific legal advice here. Your state may ...

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