About Florence M Rollwagen Expertise I can answer questions in biology, microbiology and immunology on the undergraduate or graduate level. I can also address medical and health concerns regarding alternative medicine, autoimmune diseases (lupus, MS) liver disease and intestinal problems.
Experience I have over 20 years experience in research and teaching at the medical/graduate level, and 5 years teaching college biology and microbiology. My expertise is in microbiology and immunology, specifically the biology of cytokines and soluble immune response modifiers. I also carried out original research in blood substitutes and shock/trauma.
Organizations American Association of Immunologists (AAI)
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Publications Journal of Experimental Medicine, Journal of Immunology, Cytokine, Shock, Experimental Hematology
Education/Credentials BS biology 1966
MS biology 1968
PhD immunology 1979
Question when, scientifically, does the life of an individual begin?
Answer Hi Jayden: Thanks for your question.
If you mean the life of an individual human, this is a philosophical question, not a scientific one. Scientists have several criteria for defining life:
1. Take in energy from the environment
2. Grow
3. Respond to stimuli
4. Be composed of cells
5. Reproduce
6. Have a body organization plan.
Hope this helps, write back if you have more questions.
