About Shweta Mishra Expertise I can answer general college level biology and biochemistry questions for example those related to cells, their structure, signaling etc. I can also answer questions related to Nutrition in various diseases such as Diabetes, Renal disease, Liver disease etc.
Experience 1.5 yrs of cell biology lab experience
Education/Credentials MS Biochemistry; MS Food and Nutrition
Answer There are many ways of determining an individuals sex.
1- By physical characteristics observation
2- By hormonal tests- such as levels of estrogen, progesterone and testosterone in the body. Males would have higher levels of testosterone and females would have higher levels of estrogen and progesterone
3- By observing the chromosomal makeup - which would be the most reliable of all tests. This is called karyotyping which is made possible by staining. Usually, a suitable dye is applied after cells have been arrested during cell division by a solution of colchicine. For humans, white blood cells are used most frequently because they are easily induced to divide and grow in tissue culture.
The sex of an unborn fetus can be determined by observation of interphase cells. In a normal female one barr body is found (Barr body is inactive X chromosome). I normal male no barr body is present. (The number of bar bodies is always one less than the number of X chromosomes).
Most (but not all) species have a standard karyotype. The normal human karyotypes contain 22 pairs of autosomal chromosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes. Normal karyotypes for females contain two X chromosomes and are denoted 46,XX; males have both an X and a Y chromosome denoted 46,XY. Any variation from the standard karyotype may lead to developmental abnormalities.
