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About John Locke
(Top Expert on this page)

Expertise
I will answer all biology-related questions through the undergraduate level. I will explain unclear concepts and suggest approaches to solving problems, but would prefer not to completely solve homework problems for you. If you are completely stumped on homework, tell me what you already know and I will help you as much as possible. Please do not ask me for ideas on school research projects; part of research is determining a suitable area of investigation, and that's not a task that should be completed by someone else.

Experience
I have a BS in Bioengineering with a concentration in Chemical Engineering (which included a heavy focus on biology), and have taught biology, biochemistry, and related subjects for some time now.

Education/Credentials
BS Bioengineering, Penn State University MCAT/DAT/OAT Instructor

   

You are here:  Experts > Science > Biology > Biology

Questions Answered By Expert  John Locke 
In Category  Biology

SubjectDate Asked

Enzyme Catalysis11/15/2009
  Q: How does the structure of an enzyme relate to its function and what factors can affect the initial ...
  A: Enzymes function as biological catalysts, meaning that they increase the rate of biological ...
Circulatory route take by RBC from site of production.11/14/2009
  Q: Describe the circulatory route taken by a red blood cell from its site of production, in some part ...
  A: Red blood cells (RBCs) begin life in the bone marrow--mostly in the ribs, vertebrae, and pelvis in ...
Biology11/12/2009
  Q: Does Euglena have Mitochondria? I know most of them have Chloroplasts, and that supplies the the ...
  A: Euglena does indeed have mitochondria, as do all eukaryotic organisms. Mitochondria serve the same ...
pregnancy11/10/2009
  Q: my period started today so which day will i ovulate?
  A: The menstrual cycle lasts around 28 days in most cases, with a variation of about one week. Within ...
mitosis11/9/2009
  Q: In mitosis, how many chromosomes do you have when you have finished replicating all of the DNA? In ...
  A: Understanding the terminology related to mitosis/meiosis can be confusing and difficult, but a solid ...
help...reallly important11/5/2009
  Q: Cumulative Oxygen Consumed (mL) ______________________________________________ Time ...
  A: I'm not entirely sure what you're asking here, but I'll tell you what I think. If you need to plot ...
Define 'Preformed' Organic Molecules as Applies to Heterotrophs11/4/2009
  Q: Can you please define 'preformed,'as applies to heterotrophs...obviously we can't convert sunlight ...
  A: Your interpretation is correct: heterotrophs are defined by their consumption of complex organic ...
Urine11/3/2009
  Q: How is the urine of someone with damage to their cells in the glomerulus and glomerular capsule ...
  A: The function of the glomerular cells is to provide a first-pass filter for the blood plasma as it ...
Circulation10/31/2009
  Q: First let me say I am grateful to have found this website and appreciate your expertise and ...
  A: Your question is a fundamental one about the anatomy and physiology of the heart, and it's important ...
Biology10/21/2009
  Q: I chose a science fair question, which is How does body position affect the autonomic regulation of ...
  A: 1. I'm afraid the question is a little complex, so I'll have to answer it at length. First, height ...
bio10/20/2009
  Q: Can all molecules diffuse through all cell membranes?
  A: The answer is no--the ability of a molecule to diffuse through a cell membrane (or any membrane) ...
biology10/19/2009
  Q: is photosynthesis an endergonic or exergonic reaction
  A: Photosynthesis is a net endergonic reaction; energy must be put into the reaction to drive it to ...
i need help?10/16/2009
  Q: 1. The phospholipid molecules of most membranes have a : A - hydrophobic head and a hydrophilic ...
  A: Sorry for the long delay in answering your question. The answers are given as follows, along with a ...
endocrine system9/7/2009
  Q: I've done 14 short answer questions on the Endocrine system but this one question stumps me I think ...
  A: Your question is extremely general, and I don't want to produce an overly-long answer, but here are ...
biology homework question!9/2/2009
  Q: Okay, i was doing my biology homework when i came across the question, How does an organisms growth ...
  A: and I apologize for the delay in replying to you. Organisms display a number of characteristics ...
fungi as producers8/12/2009
  Q: Since Fungi digest the substrate around them why are they not considered consumers instead of ...
  A: All consumers require preformed organic molecules to use for an energy source, and this includes ...
Freckles8/10/2009
  Q: I have a quick question about freckles. Is it possible for one fraternal twin to have her freckles ...
  A: Yes, it would not be unexpected for identical twins to develop different freckle patterns, for the ...
Freckles8/9/2009
  Q: I have a quick question about freckles. Is it possible for one fraternal twin to have her freckles ...
  A: The answer is undoubtedly yes. As you may be aware, fraternal twins are produced by two separate ...
Evolution8/7/2009
  Q: Is it any powerful/good evidence for evolution?
  A: There is ONLY powerful evidence for evolution, in the sense that no other theory or explanation so ...
puberty8/6/2009
  Q: I have been told puberty ends at 16 but other people have said it ends at 18. I began puberty when i ...
  A: There is no set age at which puberty completes; it depends both on when it begins (since a later ...
genetics8/5/2009
  Q: what is the role of non template strand in transcription?does it helps RNA polymerase in reading?
  A: The nontemplate strand, of course, is not transcribed during transcription and has no role in the ...
Gene technology7/27/2009
  Q: Explain how cystic fibrosis is inherited. Thanks
  A: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a hereditary disease characterized by dysfunctions of the secretory glands, ...
Nerve Response to Stimuli7/23/2009
  Q: We are going over how nerve cells receive and transmit signals and the subject was brought up of why ...
  A: There are various questions within your larger question, and I will try to address the major one ...
biology7/7/2009
  Q: i cant differentiate that much about chromosomes, chromatid, chromatin and homologous chromosome. my ...
  A: The exact differences between chromosomes, chromatids, chromatin, and homologous chromosomes can be ...
I need help answering questions7/2/2009
  Q: What is absent from a bacterial cell? Why are gases hotter than liquids or solids?
  A: These questions are fairly vague and broad, but I can help direct as to their answers. Bacteria lack ...
Biology7/1/2009
  Q: Why were humans unaware of microrganisms for most of thier history?
  A: The most likely reason for this lack of awareness was a lack of sufficiently complex scientific ...
Fruit experiment6/23/2009
  Q: We have been doing an experiment on preserving apples. We put a half an apple in lemon juice, water ...
  A: I can answer some of your questions broadly, but I unfortunately cannot determine the exact reason ...
Biology6/21/2009
  Q: Eukaryotic cells can divide by mitosis or meiosis. In humans, mitosis produces new cells for growth ...
  A: The topic of genetic variability in sexually reproducing organisms is a fairly complex one, more so ...
Ants and Microwaves6/20/2009
  Q: Being somewhat in a hurry the other day, I popped a burrito in a microwave in which about a dozen ...
  A: Microwaves work by exciting dielectric (insulating or nonconductive) substances within food like ...
hai6/19/2009
  Q: What 'M' is the mainly found in the body paet of the sperm?
  A: I suspect the "M" you're describing is mitochondria, which are present in high concentrations within ...
photosynthesis6/14/2009
  Q: What is the source of oxygen atoms in glucose formed by photosynthesis? Also the source of hydrogen ...
  A: In photosynthesis, glucose is formed by the interaction of sunlight (an energy source), carbon ...
Bones6/12/2009
  Q: 1. What is the bump a person gets on their head or hand when their bone hits something hard? 2. Is ...
  A: I think that the bumps you are referring to may be from hematomas, which are masses of red blood ...
Citric Acid Cycle6/11/2009
  Q: I am a 2nd year student at university and studying for a Biochemistry exam. I was curious to know ...
  A: The citric acid cycle--also known as the Krebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle--does involve the ...
biology6/6/2009
  Q: If dialysis bag filled with water is placed in a molasses solution,what will happen to the weight of ...
  A: Since the bag is semipermeable--that is a characteristic of dialysis membranes--there can be a ...
cro magnon5/26/2009
  Q: how do cro magnons communicate
  A: Well, Cro-Magnons don't communicate at all anymore--have you seen any Cro-Magnons dining out ...
dog urine, adult pnumonia5/9/2009
  Q: I saw you answered a question about strong dog urine odors and issues RE: a baby in the house. What ...
  A: As I indicated in my earlier answer, urine is a strongly favorable medium for bacterial growth once ...
hagfish5/8/2009
  Q: what is the body symmetry of a hagfish?
  A: The hagfish has bilateral body symmetry; this fact is well-established, but there are lots of other ...
Help....5/6/2009
  Q: A mechanical ventilator breathes for a paralyzed person. During inhalation the machine forces air ...
  A: Mechanical ventilation simulates, but cannot replace, normal ventilation by the lungs; there are a ...
height shrinkage5/4/2009
  Q: Hey, I'm 19 yrs old & around my birthday when which was a little bit over 3 months ago I had a ...
  A: So far as I am aware, there is no reason for height shrinkage following a shoulder injury, nor is ...
Reproduction5/2/2009
  Q: Can any or all mammals have multiple concurrent births from different sperm donors?
  A: In certain, specific circumstances, it would be possible for different males to inseminate a single ...
BLOOD TEST 4 FATHER OF CHILD4/27/2009
  Q: HOW SO CAN A BLOOD TEST BE DONE TO DETERMINE THE FATHER OF A CHILD. HOW IS IT DONE?
  A: Determining paternity with a blood test is done by techniques that examine the similarity between ...
oblique plane4/25/2009
  Q: I am studying Exercise Science and I would like to know if you could please describe a movement in ...
  A: Throughout the field of anatomy, "oblique" refers to diagonal or slanted direction relative to the ...
Anatomy and Physiology I4/22/2009
  Q: i am doing a study guide for my Anatomy and Physiology class and could not find answers to these ...
  A: 1. You were right with your initial thought: the listed cells all comprise neuroglia, the supporting ...
dog urine3/28/2009
  Q: My X boyfriend has a dog that is not potty trained and mostly uses the restroom inside anywhere he ...
  A: It seems entirely possible that the explanation you've offered is the reason why you got sick when ...
Glycolysis3/27/2009
  Q: Is glycolysis an ancient method for extract energy from molecules?
  A: I'm not sure what it means for glycolysis to be an "ancient" method for extracting energy from ...
Human Impact on a grassland biome.3/24/2009
  Q: the grassland. I've been told to find an expert who can answer the essential questions so I can put ...
  A: but I am afraid that I do not have the requisite expertise to answer your question. My background ...
biology3/19/2009
  Q: Taking in nutrients through the small intestine is xalled what?
  A: The process I believe that you are referring to is absorption, which occurs across the epithelial ...
killing bacteria3/9/2009
  Q: My son would like to grow bacteria in a petri dish and then use a variety of substances that are ...
  A: The general reason that Petri dishes are not supposed to be opened right after swabbing is to avoid ...
Honors Biology3/8/2009
  Q: I am completely stumped on this question. After researching each of the choices, It seems to me ...
  A: After considering the choices and doing some research of my own, I am unconvinced that any of these ...
Life Chemistry and the Life of cells3/6/2009
  Q: Im Dislexic abd Im home schooled and Im terrible with science. This is one of my test. Could you ...
  A: I prefer not to simply answer homework questions directly, so here's what I'll do: I will tell you ...
Music Vs Heartbeat2/18/2009
  Q: Locke, I have read an article on the newspaper and it says that music would affect a person's ...
  A: Your question actually gets to the heart of a fairly complex interaction between the environment and ...
Acids and sugars2/10/2009
  Q: I have been puzzling recently about what biologist/chemists mean at its most basic level when they ...
  A: Humans use twenty amino acids to form all of their proteins. Of these, the body can synthesize ten ...
Acids and sugars2/7/2009
  Q: I have been puzzling recently about what biologist/chemists mean at its most basic level when they ...
  A: Let's discuss acids first, as they are the simplest to describe. Acid means the same thing in this ...
Biology2/4/2009
  Q: Just starting a bio-chemistry class. Teacher asked the class to try to locate a comprehensive list ...
  A: The most comprehensive list I can suggest would be found in a combination of mammalian and plant ...
Organisms1/29/2009
  Q: Why is there a limit to how big organisms can be? In what way does this limit hold true for all ...
  A: The size of organisms is limited by a variety of physical factors that govern normal physiological ...
hydrogen bonds1/28/2009
  Q: Why are hydrogen bonds relatively weak bonds?
  A: Hydrogen bonds are relatively weak due to their electrical characteristics. In hydrogen bonds ...
biology1/27/2009
  Q: what is osmoregulation?
  A: Osmoregulation is the mechanism by which organisms control the balance of water and solute (salt) ...
digestive system1/13/2009
  Q: Does the digestive system help glucose enter all body cells.
  A: In the broadest sense the answer to your question is yes, because the digestive system breaks down ...
El Alto, Bolivia1/11/2009
  Q: In what way are the inhabitants of El Alto, Bolivia different from other people? Thanks
  A: I suspect that this question is asking about the adaptation to high-altitude living (El Alto is at ...
biology1/7/2009
  Q: How is energy stored and released in ATP?
  A: ATP consists of adenosine, which is the junction of a double ring of carbon and nitrogen (adenine) ...
removal of the hypothalamus1/6/2009
  Q: If a boy's hypothalamus was removed, how will his puberty be different from other boys? and... how ...
  A: Removal of the hypothalamus would eliminate the production of gonadotrophin releasing hormone ...
Vestigial?1/3/2009
  Q: What makes each of these; the appndix, coccyx, muscles that move ears, muscles that make hair, ...
  A: Vestigial structures are those that have lost their primary or main function through the ...
life span of the human cells1/1/2009
  Q: I realize, being in the medical field, that the life span of all the cells that exist in humans are ...
  A: First, it's important to realize that any description that you find of average cell lifespan makes ...
bio12/8/2008
  Q: Hemophilia, a disease the prevents blood clotting normally in humans, is controlled by a recessive ...
  A: Hemophilia is an X-linked disease, meaning that the defective gene involved in the disease process ...
spontaneous human combustion11/25/2008
  Q: someone told me that humans can just be sitting around minding their own business when they can just ...
  A: I'm not the first person to have addressed this question, so I will eventually direct you to some ...
biology11/19/2008
  Q: If you are using an up to date light microscope to examine animal cells, what won't you be able to ...
  A: Structures invisible to normal light microscopy include organelles other than the nucleus, all ...
What will my baby's hair and complexion look like11/16/2008
  Q: I am wondering how my baby's hair will be. I have black straight hair and dark skin. Both my ...
  A: The biology of skin, hair, and eye color is surprisingly complex, to the point that I am unable to ...
C-shaped cartilage in the trachea11/9/2008
  Q: could you please help me the followingWhat is the benefit of having C-shaped cartilage in the ...
  A: Jazira. The c-shaped cartilage in the trachea serves several purposes. First, having cartilage at ...
male reproductive system9/28/2008
  Q: 1) What is inguinal canal? 2) my book says"Sometimes due to pressure in the ...
  A: 1. The inguinal canal is an anatomical structure formed by the lower edges of the abdominal muscles ...
experimental design9/13/2008
  Q: Im not sure if you will be able to answer my question. although it is fairly general question. I am ...
  A: The phrase "economical and feasible" will depend heavily upon the particular parameters surrounding ...
Biology9/11/2008
  Q: Why is skepitism considered a valuable quality in a scientist?
  A: I could give you a simple definition of why scepticism is a valuable quality for a scientist, but ...
Human Skin Shedding8/26/2008
  Q: I live in a three story condo enclosed with 38 units. Some residents don't want to allow cats to ...
  A: Your question is a relevant one, as many people have allergies to various substances in the ...
Meiosis and Mitosis8/21/2008
  Q: What types of cells are involved in each? and What is the genetic make up of the final product of ...
  A: Evelyn. Mitosis and meiosis are both fairly complex processes, and explaining them in enough detail ...
Metabolism8/3/2008
  Q: I was just wondering why mice have such a high metabolism? I have a biology test tomorrow and I ...
  A: This answer may have reached you after your exam, but I hope that you'd be interested in the result ...
biology7/3/2008
  Q: Are phagocytosis and pinocytosis also exocytosis, or what is considered exocytosis?
  A: Greg. Pinocytosis and phagocytosis are forms of endocytosis: they are forms of cellular transport in ...
Irises6/28/2008
  Q: Nine months ago, I went started to suffer from depression and my diet became extremely poor; some ...
  A: I am not familiar with an exact condition that matches your description, but there are numerous ...
Biology6/25/2008
  Q: my name is Mara and I am a tutor for a home-schooled 11 grader and came a cross a few questions I ...
  A: Mara. I've responded to your questions below and have included some relevant links with them: 1. ...
DANDELION SEASON LENGTH6/10/2008
  Q: There are a lot of dandelions in our yard and neighborhood. All at once I seemed to notice a major ...
  A: Rolland. Dandelion growth depends upon the ambient temperature, with cooler temperatures leading ...
How will my baby look like?6/9/2008
  Q: you r doing great job, Just wanted to know how will my baby look like i m three months pregnant,this ...
  A: Lubna. We understand the genetics of eye color fairly well, to the point where websites have been ...
photosynthesis6/3/2008
  Q: I have a question about photosynthesis. I was wondering whether or not the type of light the plant ...
  A: Marko. Let's take the easiest part of your question first: how the various plants appear to an ...
instant death5/31/2008
  Q: . My question regards instant death with decapitation. Does'nt the brain still have enough O2to ...
  A: Donna. There is little consensus on the second part of your question, which has been addressed to ...
Biology5/29/2008
  Q: The right cerebrum controls the left part of the body and Vice versa why?
  A: Nitesh. It is not exactly true that the left side of the brain controls the right side of the body ...
osmosis and diffusion3/22/2008
  Q: two cells are attached by a common membrane. in cell A, there is a sugar concentration of 0.5% and a ...
  A: Brittany. We'll start with the fact that both water and solutes move in such a way so as to ...
biology photosynthesis3/21/2008
  Q: In photosynthesis what substances come in from the outside and what sunstances are produced?
  A: Margie. Photosynthesis ultimately produces sugars (carbohydrates) that plants can use for energy; ...
Multiple allels3/9/2008
  Q: would you please explain to me the definition of multiple allels? aren't all allels multiple and do ...
  A: David. "Multiple alleles" refers to a specific case in which there are three or more alleles for a ...
Bacteria differences?3/8/2008
  Q: What is the difference between chemoautotrophs and chemoheterotrophs and between photoautotrophs and ...
  A: David. All organisms require energy and carbon from the environment to survive, bacteria included. ...
viruses3/4/2008
  Q: Hey, i would like to know the advantages and disadvatages of a virus to have either a RNA genome or ...
  A: Pappu. There are two main points of comparison between RNA and DNA, as discussed below. RNA is less ...
biology2/23/2008
  Q: How might the result of a cardiovasualr exam differ for an athlete in top condition and a sedentary, ...
  A: Nichole. There are a variety of beneficial cardiac adaptations that occur when people exercise ...
Breakdown of glucose?2/22/2008
  Q: I'm looking for a detailed answer for : What happens to glucose when it's brokendown, after the ...
  A: Dara. The breakdown of glucose is fundamental to the survival of life; all organisms that use ...
Biology on the human body2/21/2008
  Q: I would like to know what forms on a human first the head or the anus. We were talking about it in ...
  A: Becca. Humans, like all sexually reproducing animals, begin life as a single cell known as the ...
Biology2/20/2008
  Q: It will probably be an easy one for you. Monkeys, chimps, and gorillas don't come in packs, pods, ...
  A: Dave. Collective nouns for animals are often confusing and unusual--I can't comment on the etymology ...
physiology2/6/2008
  Q: Which type of neural activity, action potentials, or synaptic potentials, produces the EEG?
  A: Tim. The EEG monitors electrical activity as produced by post-synaptic potentials. Action potentials ...
Dialysis Lab2/5/2008
  Q: I've done 3 labs over the past week and I have some questions over the last one that I cannot figure ...
  A: Holly. As to questions a and b, I'm not sure exactly what "changing the water bath" means. Does that ...
late puberty2/3/2008
  Q: my names austin, and i was wondering about going through puberty. I am 15 years old and a freshman ...
  A: Austin. You may have heard or been told that not everyone experiences puberty at the same time, or ...
algae enrgy source1/31/2008
  Q: How does algae in the ocean get its energy source if there is no light ???
  A: Becky. Algae are not universally photosynthetic; most can use the sun's energy to manufacture food, ...
Biology1/28/2008
  Q: (EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE RATE OF CATALASE REACTION) Hello, In my catalase practical i can't ...
  A: Sameh. The optimal temperature for catalase activity varies between different species, demonstrating ...
diffrence between bird flu and ordinary one1/20/2008
  Q: we are agroup of teachers in the world -links organization in syria . We would like to ask you the ...
  A: The bird flu is a particular strain of the flu (specifically, Influenza A subtype H5N1) that is ...
cloning1/19/2008
  Q: This is not a hw Q, simply I read this article on CNN.com= ...
  A: Tim. Right now, it is not currently possible to clone a human being for practical and legal ...
biology1/17/2008
  Q: how many eyelids does camel have
  A: Desmond. A camel has three eyelids: an upper and lower eyelid arranged the same way as in people ...
biology1/15/2008
  Q: Why is it that complex natural ecosystems are less vulnerable to harm from insects, pests, and plant ...
  A: Monica. Your question touches on larger principles used in all sorts of designs, both in nature and ...
?????1/10/2008
  Q: which phase of mitosis do these occur??....excretion of wastes, cell repair, and protein synthesis..
  A: Bethany. You may wish to expand your question to which phases of the cycle include the above ...
Evolution1/9/2008
  Q: Did amoebas appear or first evolve before red algae and green algae?
  A: Jasmine. So far as we know now, amoebas evolved before algae; protozoans (the group to which amoebas ...
Antisceptic alcohol concentrations1/6/2008
  Q: I work in a food safety lab and prepare many packaged products for analysis by spraying with an ...
  A: You ask a good question, Richard, one that highlights the importance of attention to detail. Because ...
longest survivng bacteria on surfaces1/4/2008
  Q: I was just diagnosed with pink eye and have spent the entire day doing 10 loads of laundry with ...
  A: Bacteria can survive very well or very poorly on particular surfaces, depending on the material, the ...
Sex linked traits12/19/2007
  Q: can you tell me how would i form a punnet square showing a disease with sex linked traits? Thank You
  A: Byrd. The answer to this question requires a visual presentation, so I'm including links at the end ...
viral dangers12/9/2007
  Q: If someone carrying a virus(for example, Anthrax) died, and a carnivore were to eat the body, could ...
  A: Alec. There's no simple answer to this question because not all viruses are alike. Let's start at ...
dog urine12/8/2007
  Q: My elderly parents with many health problems, are on oxygen, and very immobile due to lungm liver, ...
  A: Brad. Before I start into the factual aspects of your question, let me just note that facts alone ...
small intestine12/7/2007
  Q: in biology class, we had a worksheet that said that we(humans) CAN NOT live without our small ...
  A: Jake. You have an interesting idea here, but your instructor asks the right question in how you will ...
wow....wat a question11/22/2007
  Q: Mr.Locke,what are the advantages and disadvantages to having specialized cells?
  A: David. Cell specialization is a prerequisite for complex life, so perhaps the biggest advantage of ...
brain and consciousness10/29/2007
  Q: do you know where consciousness arises in the animal kingdom following evolution? Why is it that ...
  A: Jack. This question is a bit beyond my expertise, but I can suggest some general answers to your ...
Biology10/27/2007
  Q: What does it mean to be a successful organism?
  A: Angela. Success, in biological terms, has two main components: reproductive success and ...
Calvin Cycle10/26/2007
  Q: I am struggling with an answer for the Calvin Cycle. The question is "Which of the following are ...
  A: Kelly. Carbon dioxide is part of the reactants for the Calvin cycle, and eventually becomes the ...
Mitosis vs. Meiosis10/13/2007
  Q: i understand the basic principle of the meiosis vs mitosis, and the differences and similarities ...
  A: Tiffiny. Meiosis, as you already know, occurs in two nearly identical phases that may be separated ...
memory10/12/2007
  Q: I am 47 years old and I'm in my first year of college. My question is, is there a good way to ...
  A: and congratulations on your entrance to college. I wish you great success. First, it's necessary to ...
plauges in ancent rome10/8/2007
  Q: did plauges reduce the population to the point it could not sustain itself?
  A: I'm afraid that I don't have enough information to answer your question as stated. Are you referring ...
osmosis10/7/2007
  Q: Does osmosis require a differentially prmeablemembrance and a concentration gradient for water?
  A: Andrew. Osmosis requires both a difference in concentration of solute at two different points in a ...
bio10/2/2007
  Q: where does co2 come from in photosynthesis
  A: Laura. The carbon dioxide that plants use in photosynthesis is absorbed from the atmosphere, which ...
microbio10/1/2007
  Q: My question is probably not like many that you have received before. I am 35 years old and ...
  A: Eric. I have some suggestions, both practical and more general, for your predicament, but I also ...
Biology9/25/2007
  Q: where can I find Information about cells that are in g0 phase and why are they there
  A: A complete description of G0 would require more space and more detail than I'm able to provide here, ...
bio9/24/2007
  Q: does meiosis occur in all cells? if not which cell types does it occur?
  A: Laura. Meiosis produces four haploid cells from a single diploid, eukaryotic cell. The resulting ...
dog urine9/23/2007
  Q: our new dog will not urinate in the grass but will all over my childs sanbox and other toys along ...
  A: Andy. I'm not an animal psychologist or trainer, so I can't suggest to you how to get your dog to ...
chemistry9/20/2007
  Q: if its ok to ask more than 1... (1)which of the following will result in a chemical change? ...
  A: It's certainly fine to ask more than one question on AllExperts, but many of us do prefer that you ...
bio9/19/2007
  Q: i was wondering what are the basic steps in dna replication
  A: Laura, thanks for using AllExperts. DNA replication is a fairly complex process, and to describe it ...
biology9/16/2007
  Q: Is a rabbit a rodent?
  A: Kate. A rabbit is actually part of a group of animals known as lagomorphs, which also includes pikas ...
Bioliogy9/13/2007
  Q: How do the chemical characteristics of carbon affect the characteristics of organic molecules?
  A: Austin. Carbon has a valence of four electrons, which means that it wants to gain or lose four ...
Bacteria9/9/2007
  Q: This question is kind of trivial I suppose, but I work in a restaurant, and people tend not to ...
  A: "And as for sanitation I was going to say that I think food floating in the water actually seems to ...
Atoms.9/6/2007
  Q: Hey. I'm stuck on atoms and how to find the valency. I also don't know how to find out the e ...
  A: Haneen. You will probably have more luck asking your question here, in the chemistry/biochemistry ...
Bacteria8/28/2007
  Q: This question is kind of trivial I suppose, but I work in a restaurant, and people tend not to ...
  A: James. You're the first person, if I recall correctly, to notice the name's historical significance; ...
Multicellular Prokaryotes8/27/2007
  Q: I have a question that I have tried to find the answers to myself for quite a while now, but I have ...
  A: Stan. You've preempted the standard response to this question by mentioning the colonial forms of ...
HELP!8/26/2007
  Q: How do phospholipids interact with water to form lipid bilayers?
  A: DeAva. Phospholipids don't interact with water in a chemical fashion--that is, there is no chemical ...
Parallel Evolution8/25/2007
  Q: One theory has always stated that silicon lifeforms could exist just as often as carbon-based ...
  A: Geoff. Silicon, like carbon, can form form bonds to other atoms and displays a number of other ...
babies physical appearance8/23/2007
  Q: I have used donor eggs for my IVF cycle. I am pregnant with twins now. Please speculate on my twins ...
  A: Cindy. The eye-color question arises so often that interactive websites have developed to show you ...
Can't remember this name of this...8/21/2007
  Q: I can't think of the name of this, but I remember hearing that there is a way to tell how close two ...
  A: There's a lot of terminology related to this subject, in fact, so let me describe some of the ...
Bio8/20/2007
  Q: He needs to write a "hypothesis" on "WHY ARE WHITE SHIRTS COOLER THEN DARK SHIRTS" we then need ...
  A: Judy. A point before I begin: many of the respondents here prefer not to answer questions that are ...
Fire...8/17/2007
  Q: Okay I know everyone one says that fire is not living, or may say that fire is alive...So I would ...
  A: Jordan. Fire is a chemical process in which oxygen is quickly combined with some kind of ...
Nervous System8/17/2007
  Q: Now I have question on the nervous system. I'm confused as to how an action potential is generated ...
  A: Shaazia. I'm going to take a spatial view of what happens, from the dendrites on the nerve in ...
Science8/15/2007
  Q: What is a lymphocyte and what does it do? I'm researching on acute leukemia and there is one type ...
  A: Jennifer. A lymphocyte is a particular type of white blood cell; it is part of the immune system, ...
black bile8/14/2007
  Q: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_bile mentions “black bile”. Although the theory of the humours ...
  A: I'll take a shot at this, Simon. While I cannot offer an exact answer (there is no indication that ...
biology8/9/2007
  Q: Bar-headed geese fly over the world's highest mountain range, the Himalayas, at heights of 25,000 ...
  A: Luis. I'm not immediately familiar with bar-headed geese, but I can suggest possible adaptations ...
What Does The Conclusion Mean in Laughter/Diabetes Study?8/9/2007
  Q: It appears laughter can change the genetic expression that leads to type 2 diabetes, at least that's ...
  A: Usuff. The conclusion here actually suggests that laughter causes gene changes that make Type II ...
Cell8/4/2007
  Q: I would like to know why cell is called the functional unit of life? I searched elsewhere but ...
  A: Anjali. Cells are referred to as the functional unit of life for a very practical reason: so far as ...
human blood7/29/2007
  Q: In how many seconds blood circulates all over the human body. From heart to heart again?
  A: Ali. How quickly blood circulates around the body depends upon a number of factors, so it's ...
Genetics7/23/2007
  Q: I am completely stumped. I don't understand Mendel's inheritance theories at all! For instance, ...
  A: Charlene. Mendel's theories of inheritance are not always intuitive, to be sure, and to explain ...
hello7/17/2007
  Q: John...i would like to ask you that why rodents and mice are used so commonly for scientific ...
  A: and I'd be happy to answer your question. Before I can answer it directly, though, I need to ...
anatomy7/15/2007
  Q: a neuron has several axonal knobs that are firing, but the neuron in question does not transmitt a ...
  A: Amy. There are several possible answers to this question, but the most likely one is that the neuron ...
different mammals7/12/2007
  Q: why do echidnas lay eggs?
  A: Jeremy. Echidnas and platypi together form a very old group of animals known as the monotremes ...
dissappearing body parts!7/9/2007
  Q: Why would a testicle disappear on a man after intercourse? This happened to my fiance! It still is ...
  A: Amy. While obviously I cannot dispense medical advice (and I do believe your fiance should see a ...
for non-biologists7/3/2007
  Q: I'm wondering if you can name some great books on biology for non-biologists. There are two types ...
  A: Luke. There is a great wealth of books on biology, both for the specialist and the non-specialist; I ...
dry mouth and balloons6/25/2007
  Q: Why is it difficult to whistle or blow balloons if you have a dry mouth?
  A: Laura. I'm not 100% sure of the answer to your question, but I can speculate as to some of the ...
biology6/11/2007
  Q: why do we need to study biology?
  A: We ARE biology--that is, we are organisms whose survival depends upon our successful interaction ...
Blood-brain barrier6/10/2007
  Q: What exactly is the blood-brain barrier made up of, and why is blood toxic to the brain? It seems to ...
  A: No problem, James. If you would like to use AllExperts again but your question gets passed off as ...
Blood-brain barrier6/7/2007
  Q: What exactly is the blood-brain barrier made up of, and why is blood toxic to the brain? It seems to ...
  A: James. The blood-brain barrier is actually a little different from what the name might suggest. ...
Length of a Human Optic Nerve6/3/2007
  Q: I was wondering if you could help me on a hopefully easyWhat is the average length of a Living Human ...
  A: Daniel. Your question is straightforward but that does not necessarily mean that it is easy: the ...
genes5/28/2007
  Q: what are genes?Descibe process of transcription & translation.
  A: Ahmad. I need to take a step back to answer your question, starting with how most essential ...
Eye coulors5/26/2007
  Q: My husband is a fraternal twin, he has blue eyes and his brother brown,along with the rest of his ...
  A: Heather. I can answer your question in two ways: yes, it is possible in the sense that it has ...
Heroin and morphine and government policy5/22/2007
  Q: In Alberta, Canada we have a team of business and academics who are requesting permission to grow ...
  A: Edwyn. In virtually all countries with strong controls on the production and distribution of ...
Genes and DNA5/20/2007
  Q: My sons partner is half aboriginal with an olive complexion and brown eyes. He has ginger hair and ...
  A: and I'd be happy to answer your question. Hair color in humans is not well-defined genetically, at ...
biology5/20/2007
  Q: What functions do mRNA,tRNA,and rRNA have.
  A: and I'd be happy to answer your question. Rather than reiterate what many excellent sites on the ...
cell-signalling5/19/2007
  Q: What happens if multiple signals activate one cell membrane receptor? What is the response of the ...
  A: Unfortunately, I need a bit more information to answer your question directly. As you likely know, ...
human body5/17/2007
  Q: Where does fat enter the metabolic pathway? Can you burn fat anaerobically? Why?
  A: your question is an excellent one. Fat enters the metabolic pathway in two directions: via the ...
Selfish Gene Theory5/15/2007
  Q: I am a Ph.D. Psychology student in Germany, and I am extremely interested in how biological ...
  A: I realize that you have already received an answer saying that this is outside my expertise. Let me ...
DNA replication5/15/2007
  Q: How many genes undergo DNA replication before meiosis?
  A: Julie, thank you for using AllExperts and I'd be happy to answer your question. All genes undergo ...
electrophoresis and barr body5/13/2007
  Q: Locke, I tried to ask barbara a question, but she thought it's my homework, so she didn't answer it. ...
  A: I understand that you are serious about having this answered, and also understand that this is not ...
gravitropism5/4/2007
  Q: I'm doing a HUGE project on gravitropism. I am supposed to have a human resource. No one knows about ...
  A: Mallory, thank you for using AllExperts and I'll try to answer your question. First, let me say ...
2 things5/3/2007
  Q: How do sperms carrying y chromosomes live if x is essential for life? And what determines which ...
  A: Sara, thank you for using AllExperts and I'll be happy to answer your questions. Your first ...
Excretory System5/2/2007
  Q: I am currently learning about the excretory system in my high school biology 20 course and am stuck ...
  A: Stephanie, thank you for using AllExperts and I'd be happy to help you answer your question. To ...
Our body and warmth.4/27/2007
  Q: Why do we feel 25°C and over as "hot" and why do we start sweating at around those temperatures, ...
  A: Jeronimo, thank you for using AllExperts and I'd be happy to answer your question. This question ...
digestive system4/22/2007
  Q: 1. what is insulin? 2. what is the use of a pancreas?
  A: and I'd be happy to answer your question. The body has two general ways of regulating the ...
biology -- human body4/17/2007
  Q: 1. Rice is a form of starch ..is porridge a form of starch too? 2. Food is pushed down the ...
  A: 1. Porridge is indeed a form of starch. Porridge is made from oats, of course, meaning that it ...
Lichens4/14/2007
  Q: Are lichens considered a species? Why or why not?
  A: Amy, thank you for using AllExperts and I'd be happy to answer your question. The simple answer is ...
Taste buds4/14/2007
  Q: Does the human tongue have definite areas for certain tastes?
  A: Ria, thank you for using AllExperts and I'd be happy to answer your question. The simple answer is ...
Biology4/13/2007
  Q: How is polydactyly inherited?
  A: Benny, thank you for using AllExperts and I'd be happy to answer your question. Polydactyly occurs ...
Can A Plant Survive in an Air Tight Container?4/9/2007
  Q: If we can assume that the plant is potted in soil, supplied with water and has 12 hours of light ...
  A: Kristen, thank you for using AllExperts and I'd be happy to answer your question. The answer is no. ...
Prions in Kuru4/9/2007
  Q: Jared Diamond in Guns, Germs and Steel, (p.198)refers to the "virus causing laughing sickness (kuru) ...
  A: Edwyn, thank you for using AllExperts and I'd be happy to answer your question. To put it briefly, ...
Biology4/7/2007
  Q: I understand the basic steps to the seperation of pigments by chromatography, however I don't ...
  A: Chelsea, thank you for using AllExperts and I'll be happy to answer your question. I must apologize ...
Biology 14064/7/2007
  Q: What wavelengths in the visible spectrum are most effectively absorbed by chlorophyll? I answered--- ...
  A: Chelsea, thank you for using AllExperts and I'd be happy to answer your question. To put it simply, ...
digestion4/5/2007
  Q: what is the link between digestive reactions and nerve impulses
  A: Marcus: Thank you for writing to AllExperts; I'll be happy to answer your question. The digestive ...
DNA and Proteins3/26/2007
  Q: What would you use for an equation to show how DNA tells cells to make proteins?
  A: Victoria. Every person who understands the way DNA works will have a slightly different take on ...
Dihybrid crosses3/21/2007
  Q: could you please check these and let me know if i did them right what are the genotypic and ...
  A: Jim, thank you for using AllExperts and I'll give you some advice as to your question. I don't ...
the unit of measurement that scientists use to determine the diameter of an animal cell is the?1/18/2007
  Q: a.millimeter b.micrometer c.nanometer d.meter
  A: Tami, thank you for using AllExperts, but many of the people here prefer not to simply answer ...
Blood circulation1/14/2007
  Q: We saw a sign at the Bodies exhibit that said that each drop of blood in an adult human goes through ...
  A: John. The answer to your question is yes; at rest, the heart pumps at such a rate that the blood ...
Origin of Life1/11/2007
  Q: I understand that life is thought to have begun in water approx. 4 billion years ago. What do ...
  A: Ralph, thank you for using AllExperts; I'll give answering your question a shot, with the caveat ...
Amputation1/8/2007
  Q: If somebody's penis were to be amputated, could it be safely reattached. Would it have all of its ...
  A: Franco, thank you for using AllExperts. I pulled this question out of the question pool because ...
How will the drug affect urine formation?1/8/2007
  Q: A drug inhibits the formation of ATP by the cells of the proximal tubule is introduced into the ...
  A: Marius, I cannot provide a complete physiological explanation, but let me give you some ...
eye color1/3/2007
  Q: This was an extra credit question on one of my A&P exams in college, no one got the answer. What ...
  A: Christine. There's two ways to answer thisone, blue eyes are blue because of the single pigment ...
eye color1/2/2007
  Q: I may be forgetful, but I seemed to remember that certain parental eye colors cannot produce ...
  A: Scot. This are both questions we get fairly often, but they do have a well-defined answer. Let me ...
inter marriage1/2/2007
  Q: I recently returned from a trip to Hawaii, while on an excursion of Maui, the tour guide told us the ...
  A: Kay. The answer is very simply, absolutely, the practice is dangerous and contributes to higher ...
sciatic nerve10/28/2006
  Q: Where does sciatic nerve runs under? Is the ansver (gluteus medius) correct? Does it runs under ...
  A: Ulia. I've pulled this question out of the Question Pool in order to clarify for you, while ...
biology/environmental science10/24/2006
  Q: im currently doing e.science for AS and i have a question im quite stuck on! i understand what ...
  A: Millie. I realize that this response is late, but we're on a push here to clear out the question ...
biology10/20/2006
  Q: i would like to know the production & utilization of ATP & NADPH/NADH in animal and plant cells, and ...
  A: Dennis. Describing the entire process from start to finish--which contains at least four separate ...
body's ability to maintain homeostasis10/19/2006
  Q: Give an example of the body's ability to maintain homeostasis
  A: Cassie. I'll give you a few examples, though it is up to you to research these more in depth ...
Biology10/19/2006
  Q: What happens to the blood in order for it to get oxygen from the lungs to the muscle. What happens ...
  A: Kim. The whole heart/lung/respiration cycle is quite complex, and describing here as text-only would ...
biology9/29/2006
  Q: you can peel a raw egg w/out breaking the membrane or "melt" away the shell in vinegar, if you place ...
  A: Tom. The egg shell is an example of semipermeable membrane, or one which allows only certain ...
evolution9/16/2006
  Q: My relations are very religious and they do not except evolution. I know it was the way all life has ...
  A: Ed. While I cannot give you something that will cause your relations to accept evolution as ...
principles of ecology9/8/2006
  Q: Ecologists may use both descriptive and quantitative methods of research in their studies. Is this ...
  A: Ashleigh. This is absolutely true. Examples of quantitative measures are biomass and mathematical ...
belly buttons9/5/2006
  Q: I've been watching a show called Kyle XY. In short, it's about a boy with amnesia and no belly ...
  A: Adam. All placental mammals have some form of a belly button--although it doesn't always look like ...

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