AllExperts > Bonds 
Search      
Bonds
Volunteer
Answers to thousands of questions
 Home · More Bonds Questions · Question Library  · Free Encyclopedia ·
More Bonds Answers
Question Library

Ask a question about Bonds
Volunteer
Experts of the Month
Expert Login

Awards

About Us
Tell friends
Link to Us
Disclaimer

 
 
 
About Doug Ingram
(Top Expert on this page)

Expertise
Fixed income portfolio allocation and strategies for institutional investors. Having designed multi-scenario risk quantification and cash flow projection models for nearly 25 years, Strategic Technical Initiatives can answer your regulatory, SFAS 115 allocation, securities selection, and other questions dealing with yield curve placement and portfolio mix strategies. I perform detailed portfolio analysis and strategy ideas for SAMCO Capital Markets. We are Dallas based, and I am in the Memphis office.

Experience
Trading and designing portfolio strategies since 1980.
   

You are here:  Experts > Money > Investing for Beginners > Bonds

Questions Answered By Expert  Doug Ingram 
In Category  Bonds

SubjectDate Asked

Bonds11/11/2009
  Q: I have a question on bonds. When you figure out the Present value of a bond or the bond's price, ...
  A: The present value and price are one and the same. It's what the bond is worth now to yield market ...
Doubt10/27/2009
  Q: What is meant by financial leverage. Explain me in lay man's language
  A: The simplest form would be buying stocks on margin. That allows you to control $20,000 worth of ...
Bonds10/23/2009
  Q: I have money put away in bonds but need to take some out. how do i go about doing that? also if ...
  A: Just call your broker. you will find some are more "liquid" than others. Some should be at profits ...
Money10/12/2009
  Q: What is best place to store money and make it last for a long time or forever?
  A: There is no clear answer to this question because of long cycles. If you catch a low in land ...
Assurance of payout8/21/2009
  Q: Doug I have a municipal bond (CUSIP 132813BU9) due to mature next month. It is rated AAA/AAA and, ...
  A: Actually, most every brokerage firm uses a pricing matrix to do the market values. The only live ...
Assurance of payout8/20/2009
  Q: Doug I have a municipal bond (CUSIP 132813BU9) due to mature next month. It is rated AAA/AAA and, ...
  A: Since the bond is about to mature, just call the broker and get them to check it. There won't be ...
GMAC BOND4/3/2009
  Q: My dad bought a GM bond for my nephew about 15 years ago and it is due to mature in 2012. If GM ...
  A: Debt has priority over stockholders, so it could have some value even if stockholders get nothing ...
coupons3/27/2009
  Q: what are coupons.
  A: In the "old days" even back to the '80s, you had to clip coupons off a bonds and send them in to get ...
Wanna Purchase BOnds2/10/2009
  Q: How we can buy bonds?Which will bethe most secured bond to purchase?
  A: You can find a local broker in your area. Interview a few. or... You can use an online place like ...
Beginners Reading11/17/2008
  Q: Could you tell me a good book to read to understand bonds for a beginner. Thanks
  A: You can find most of your answers on the internet. http://www.treasurydirect.gov/ ...
Question11/9/2008
  Q: I am majoring in finance and want to be a stockbroker for a firm. I am wondering if it is possible ...
  A: Normally, all it takes is initiative. Show up with a willingness to work and learn. There are often ...
Derivatives10/10/2008
  Q: Can you provide me with some examples of what derivatives are? I understand it is something where ...
  A: I didn't reject this question intentionally - I pressed the wrong button. Derivatives represent a ...
coupon Stripping7/21/2008
  Q: Have you got an example of "Coupon Stripping" zero coupon calculation in Excel? It would be great if ...
  A: Actual - all bonds are priced this way. Every cash flow is discounted to the point where the cash ...
Vanguard New York Long-Term Tax-Exempt Fund Investor Shares (VNYTX)7/7/2008
  Q: I am a single 65 year old NY State resident making about $60K a year. I have some savings that I ...
  A: You get some diversification that way. I can't fault your thinking. If you did invest in the ...
Bonds4/29/2008
  Q: Can bonds be tranferred or sold like shares/debentures?
  A: Yes. At market prices through a broker dealer. A little more complex than stocks. Transfers are ...
Tax free municipal bond4/28/2008
  Q: I am an expert in insurance law and personal injury law. My question is regarding the proceedure of ...
  A: Generally speaking, a AAA rated bond is a sound investment. You need some sort of broker dealer to ...
Mortgage investment3/18/2008
  Q: I am having trouble doing a balance sheet for a mortgage investment I am setting up a company that ...
  A: Sorry - we were on spring break! I didn't totally proof this, but you should get the idea. ...
municipal bonds bought by my deceased father 30 years ago3/12/2008
  Q: Is the acquisition price of municipal bonds the same as their par value? If I sell 15,00 dollars of ...
  A: Bonds can be bought at discounts or premiums depending on prevailing interest rates, so there is no ...
Bonds3/3/2008
  Q: If you would be able to enlighten me as to whether when bond prices fall this leads to yields rising ...
  A: The bonds you are referring to have a fixed coupon so they are worth more if yields fall. If a bond ...
bonds2/27/2008
  Q: what is the basic difference between bond and a debenture
  A: They are essentially the same! Bonds are debt! When a company wants to raise capital, they either ...
Question on CD Bond?2/17/2008
  Q: I have a CD bond starting at 5,000 through Eastern Bank and I was wondering how often does the bond ...
  A: Typically CDs don't change in value. They have a coupon that pays you interest either monthly, ...
Investment Banking2/3/2008
  Q: I am very much interested in knowing the terms and the Fundamentals of investment banking like ...
  A: Here are a few. Let me know if you need more. http://www.investopedia.com/university/ ...
Ginnie Mae vs. TIPS1/30/2008
  Q: In this downward interest rate environment why are some advisors suggest to buy TIPS.
  A: Maybe they see value and think the Dollar will go down versus other world currencies. That makes ...
hi11/21/2007
  Q: what is difference between shares & debentures ? thanks for your help
  A: Bonds are the debt of a company. Debentures are borrowings - you are loaning the company money, but ...
Bonds11/1/2007
  Q: 1.Where may Bonds be purchased- 2.How do the Bonds sold on the Bond Market differ- 3.How is the ...
  A: 1. You can buy small bonds and savings bonds from the government. www.treasury.gov You can ...
Muni Bonds10/22/2007
  Q: I'm aware of the advantages of Muni Bonds. What could be the potential downsides for an 84 year old ...
  A: Like most bonds, they are issued to accomplish a task like building a school or a water district. ...
Muni Bonds10/19/2007
  Q: I'm aware of the advantages of Muni Bonds. What could be the potential downsides for an 84 year old ...
  A: Munis are a good investment for safety and income. The downsides would be if you chose a risky ...
bonds vs bank CD10/12/2007
  Q: Ingram: The advice I have read states that one should have a 50-50 mix of stocks and bonds when ...
  A: In this case you are correct that CDs are a good surrogate for bonds. They may at times outperform ...
Fixed Income & Credit Derivatives10/12/2007
  Q: Could you please clarify if there is a difference between "Fixed Income Derivatives" and "Credit ...
  A: I use the terms interchangeably sometimes. Whereas I think of all Credit Derivatives as Fixed ...
Bond investment10/11/2007
  Q: I needed this clarification of when might we want to invest in bonds with high interest rates – long ...
  A: The answer doesn't really depend on how high the interest rates are, it more what is expected. If ...
regarding bonds and equities10/10/2007
  Q: a company will go bankrupt next year, which one do i hold, bond issued by the company or equities ...
  A: The best answer is neither! However, Bond holders are protected more than stock holders and have the ...
Bonds!10/8/2007
  Q: ! I would need answers for a test coming on 10.10.07. perhaps one of you might be able to help me. ...
  A: 1. The higher the price you pay for a bond - the lower the yield you get. You are getting coupon ...
yield to maturity on bonds8/27/2007
  Q: What does it mean to purchase a 10%bond with a 9%yield to maturity and how is it calculated?
  A: It means the bond you are buying pays a 10% coupon and is more valuable because new comparable bonds ...
401k investing7/6/2007
  Q: In my 401k i have the option to put certain percentages in stocks, for instance under Large U.S. ...
  A: Keep in mind, I'm a bond guy not a stock expert!!! They should be relatively the same thing. One ...
investment7/2/2007
  Q: comparision between mutual fund and bond
  A: Sorry for the delay - I was on vacation! A mutual fund is a managed pool of assets that can hold ...
Interest Rates6/25/2007
  Q: I am trying to figure out how to read trends that leads to a mortgage interest rate increase or ...
  A: Ryan, The key to fixed rate mortgages is to follow the 10-year Treasury note. Mortgage bankers ...
which is better to purchase5/29/2007
  Q: I have 2 relatives graduating high school this year.I want to purchase either an I-Bond or EE-Bond ...
  A: I have always preferred the EE bond for the higher rate (over time). The I bond would do better if ...
tax free bonds5/18/2007
  Q: I'm working but at retirement age. I know nothing about investing in tax free bonds but was ...
  A: Most tax-free bonds are truly tax free. If you buy some from another state, you may have some state ...
Question regaring Standard & Poor Stocks & Bonds5/3/2007
  Q: How could find out about if they keep records of stocks & bonds in peoples names that were issued 50 ...
  A: When you go back that far you will find severe limitations. Over the past 20 years bonds and stocks ...
can I do better than 5.05 apy?4/30/2007
  Q: Ingram, I have been trying to find a good, safe way to invest my money for the past few weeks, and I ...
  A: You've done pretty good research. Unless you choose a stock fund or take more risk, the going rate ...
bonds4/30/2007
  Q: I wish to know the difference between bonds and debentures. What are the considerations for an ...
  A: They are essentially the same! Bonds are debt! When a company wants to raise capital, they either ...
bonds, equity, debentures and debt.3/30/2007
  Q: I want to know about the difference between Equity, Bond, Debt and Debentures? I also want to know ...
  A: Equity means you own part of a company. Shares of stock are shares of ownership. The stock can go ...
bond3/23/2007
  Q: What do you mean by bond? if we invest in a bond wat would be the returns? is it profitable if we ...
  A: People invest in stocks or bonds. Stocks are certificates of ownership in a company and could have ...
stock markets in india3/22/2007
  Q: 1. Difference between shares and debentures?Which are safer to invest in and why? 2. The Indian ...
  A: Debentures (bonds) are usually much safer because they have guaranteed payments of principal and ...
Bond Valuation with 2 yields.3/5/2007
  Q: A zero-coupon bond with $1000 par value matures in 30 years. The yield to maturity is 9% for the ...
  A: I just got back in the office. You could buy a 10-year zero yielding 9% for 42.24 (1/(1+9%)^10) A ...
bond type diversity without income2/27/2007
  Q: I had thought about zero coupon bonds but, as I understand it, the eventual payout from this type of ...
  A: From a tax standpoint, everything depends on how you set up accounts. Those are questions for a ...
bond type diversity without income2/19/2007
  Q: This is perhaps a peculiar question and maybe not a good match to your interests, but I'll try ...
  A: Sorry - been out a few days. The first thing that comes to mind is strip bonds (zero coupon). ...
Difference between Zero interest and Deep discount bonds12/30/2006
  Q: I would like to know what exactly is the difference between the following two financial instruments ...
  A: While most bonds have a coupon rate, zero coupon bonds are called strips because the coupon portion ...
bOND RATING11/22/2006
  Q: THE BOND RATING BBB2 IS EQUIVALENT TO WHAT RATING ISSUED BY STANDARD AND POORS?
  A: Here's a table. It would be roughly equivalent to BBB or BBB- Rank Standard & Poor's Moody's 1 ...
Canada Savings Bonds11/22/2006
  Q: What can you tell me about Canada Savings Bonds or savings bonds in general? I know nothing about ...
  A: I really don't know anything about Canadian Savings Bonds. As for the U.S., you are investing small ...
Bond Buyer v. Bloomberg rate differences10/31/2006
  Q: Doug, I have been searching in an effort to determine large disparity in muni bond rates between ...
  A: I don't trade Munis, but the best way to check this would be to know the spreads to Treasury rates. ...
bonds and other debt securities10/5/2006
  Q: Can you please explain to me the difference between bonds and other securities?
  A: For the most part, the terms are used interchangably. Securities are "secured debt" where stock is ...
bonds9/12/2006
  Q: How do interest rates affect the value of bonds being traded in the bond market??
  A: When interest rates go up - bonds go down (and vice versa). If you have a bond that pays 4% and ...
CDs vs. Tbills8/11/2006
  Q: I am looking for as safe, short term (6-9 months) investment. I can get a $250,000 CD that pays 5.3% ...
  A: I think you're right on. Some states are tax free anyway and the CDs would be a little better. With ...
Difference between equity and shares7/31/2006
  Q: Would you please clear my below doubts. Difference between shares and equity and difference between ...
  A: Companies have Assets and Liabilities. Assets are things they own like inventory, buildings, ...
Are All Bonds Callable?7/23/2006
  Q: Can bonds that are not callable be called in? Is there some circumstance where any bond can be ...
  A: Bonds are only callable if they are issued with call features which clearly state the dates and ...
bond and debenture5/9/2006
  Q: I read your answer to the previous question about bonds and debentures. I do not agree that bonds ...
  A: True, but it depends on the company and the supporting documents. They still have a primary claim ...
Bonds4/6/2006
  Q: So, "new equity" means issuing more shares. By the way, you wrote "If a company issues new shares, ...
  A: So, "new equity" means issuing more shares. By the way, you wrote "If a company issues new shares, ...
Bonds4/5/2006
  Q: I am a Japanese business person living in Japan. I have come across an email from an investor, which ...
  A: I'm really know more about bonds than stocks. However, Treasury stock is stock that a company owns ...
Ginnie Mae stratagy3/7/2006
  Q: Doug, I'm invested in a Ginnie Mae mutual fund but don't completely understand what drives the funds ...
  A: In my opinion, it's a good time to add a little. Funds on bonds lose value as interest rates rise ...
First Issue Muni Bonds2/21/2006
  Q: A person can avoid brokerage fees by avoiding the secondary market for munis. However, the ...
  A: You never avoid brokerage fees. Even new issues have a concession for the broker. Those types of ...
Bond Funds VS Individual Bonds2/15/2006
  Q: There is a debate in our home about where to put the funds that we rec from the sale of our home. We ...
  A: If you're not professionals, you may be best off with a bond fund. You'll get safety and monthly ...
Bond vs. mutual fund vs. stock1/23/2006
  Q: I plan on investing some money for over 1 year so it doesn't matter if it is fluid. I am familiar ...
  A: Donna, This is really a better question for an accountant. Bonds pay coupons that are taxed the same ...
I Bonds vs. TIPS10/16/2005
  Q: I read that I bonds are going to be paying between 6.69$ and 7.49% starting November 1. How do they ...
  A: http://www.publicdebt.treas.gov/sav/sbiinvst.htm The current rate on I Bonds is 4.8% The rate would ...
MorningStar ratings9/22/2005
  Q: Doug, Thanks for your answer. Some points are not clear. 1. "Thus, you could invest $10,000 and ...
  A: Sure. Any investment other than money markets is subject to market movement. If I hold my bond to ...
MorningStar ratings9/21/2005
  Q: Please help to understand why MorningStar rates Vanguard funds indexing Intermediate Government ...
  A: You are correct. Government bonds are as safe as any investment can be. There is no risk to ...
Safe Investment8/13/2005
  Q: I am retired and want to make a six figure investment that is safe and which will return 5% or more ...
  A: The key here is locking up the money for a short time. Longer term bonds have price risk but can ...
problem7/17/2005
  Q: can you give me some clue and steps to start this problem? Joey decided to live on his own after he ...
  A: I'm getting far too many long involved finance questions and I really need to stick to questions ...
finance7/6/2005
  Q: I have a question to ask you and I want to show you what i have done so I am on the right track. ...
  A: Sue, I just got back today after being gone for 10 days. I answered one questions, but don't have ...
finance7/6/2005
  Q: I have a question to ask you and I want to show you what i have done so I am on the right track. ...
  A: A) This is simple interest. I would have done this. payment = amount x [(1+ rate/24)^(25x12x2) x ...
finance6/23/2005
  Q: -can you show me one of them and guide me through the other 2 so i can understand. thank you so ...
  A: http://www.moneychimp.com/articles/finworks/fmmortgage.htm (some calculations) Payment = LoanAmt x ...
investing5/28/2005
  Q: Can I legally enter into a contract in which I agree to lend someone a fixed amount of money where ...
  A: I can't think of any reason why not. However, this is a question more suitable for an attorney. If ...
Death spiral bonds4/13/2005
  Q: What are death spiral bonds or death spiral convertible debentures?
  A: It's a term given to bonds that have a feature where the debt (bonds) can be converted into stock of ...
Difference between a bond and a debenture3/13/2005
  Q: Please explain me the difference between a bond and a debenture. Thanks
  A: They are the same! Bonds are debt! When a company wants to raise capital, they either borrow or ...
ginnie mae3/10/2005
  Q: As I near retirement (5-10 years away), I'm considering opening and slowly adding to a ginnie mae ...
  A: It's a good strategy as outlined. You won't have the upside of stocks, but there's also that ...
negative duration2/18/2005
  Q: I have a question for you on Principal Only (PO) CMOs and negative duration. I know that POs ...
  A: As far as I know, the only securities that can have negative duration are IOs (interest only). ...
I bonds vs. ee bonds2/18/2005
  Q: Which is better I bonds or EE? Also I currently get I bonds on payroll allocation once every 2 pay ...
  A: http://savingsbonds.com/bond_basics/ibond1.cfm http://savingsbonds.com/bond_basics/eebond1.cfm The ...
Middle term bond2/11/2005
  Q: I am just curious of why the interest rate of a middle-term bond are sometime greater than long-term ...
  A: Like other economic data, it can be supply and demand! For instance, the U.S. Treasury quit issuing ...
TIPS: VIPSX11/23/2004
  Q: Ingram, How do you feel about the prospects for TIPS in 2005? Inflation has recently ticked up, is ...
  A: That's a good fund. I always check morningstar.com for ratings on mutual funds. I'm a little ...
Municipal Bonds11/9/2004
  Q: What's another name for short-term municipal bonds? Thanks!
  A: Very sorry! This question slipped through the cracks while I was on vacation. The only other names ...
How to buy bonds9/9/2004
  Q: Where do you buy bonds at? How much are they? What do they pay later?
  A: Individuals usually buy them from broker dealers. Email me your city and I'll try to recommend a ...
buying government bonds8/7/2004
  Q: Although the federal government has pages and pages of information on the internet, I still am not ...
  A: You are basically right. I think you can buy Savings Bonds any time. There are "I" bonds that have ...
Bonds6/22/2004
  Q: Bonds payable—record issuance and premium amortization. Kaye Co. issued $1 million face amount of ...
  A: The answer to question A is that rates have an inverse relationship to price. So rates down = ...
yield curves in excel4/21/2004
  Q: Have you got an example of a bootstrapped zero coupon calculation in Excel? What I have in mind is ...
  A: Since no accrued interest is involved, zero coupons are really easy. Actually, all bond calculations ...
the up or down movement of bond value to me in high interest enviorment4/8/2004
  Q: I have a fed tax free bond fund that Im enrolled in.I fully expect prime interest rates in 5 yrs to ...
  A: It depends on the duration of the fund. Long maturities would suffer badly. Short bond funds would ...
zero coupon muni bond4/2/2004
  Q: A muni zero coupon bond for the Cleveland airport expansion came due last year and I received a ...
  A: Most Munis are tax free and your gain should be non-taxable. However, it depends on the bond and is ...
advice3/8/2004
  Q: I happen to be friendly with a very well known bonds broker. I have no college degree but keen ...
  A: If you have a mentor and the ability to withstand rejection, go for it. You're still young enough. ...
Stocks2/9/2004
  Q: Ingram, I read in "Investing for Dummies" where a company's "Current Liabilities" shouldn't ...
  A: I'm not going to be a lot of help! Our focus is on fixed income and you need an equity analyst. No ...
bonds9/14/2003
  Q: I own stock, several million $ worth. A few of them were worth $3.4 million at the top, and are now ...
  A: I side with GS... Bond yields should fall further from here. We are still in a deflationary cycle. ...
Interest Rates8/26/2003
  Q: What was the effect of interest cuts by the Federal Reserve in June 2003 on bonds
  A: It's important to remember that the Fed only controls short-term rates. The Fed had implied that ...
total expense ratios and total returns6/8/2003
  Q: first of all, for taking my question. I'm fairly new to the mutual fund investment world and sort ...
  A: You are basically right. Total Return takes into account not only the coupon or dividend yield, but ...
Fixed Income Planning6/6/2003
  Q: I retired early from the Federal govt. I receive a pretty good pension, but I also rely on several ...
  A: I totally agree with you on some points. My work shows that stocks have one more tumble into ...
Fixed income derivatives?5/26/2003
  Q: I heard of Fixed Income and I heard of derivatives. But now heard the term Fixed Income ...
  A: Simply enough, a derivative is something that is derived from something else. However, some ...
Learning to Invest3/4/2003
  Q: Ingram, I would like to learn how to invest in futures plus gold and silver, as the matter of ...
  A: What a loaded question! Most of the folks I know learned how to trade at the "school of hard ...
College for my 2 month old daughter2/21/2003
  Q: I am soooo naive about investments. I'm not even sure where to begin. My husband and I want to put ...
  A: First off, sorry I've been away and couldn't get back sooner! Many states have a buy-it-now program ...
Investments1/31/2003
  Q: This is a serious question; not trying to be cute. I was thinking the other day about investing in a ...
  A: Absolutely the best way to make money is to take a risk. Buying a plot of land, a stock that takes ...
Hello Thank you first of...1/30/2003
  Q: I have a general question which I have not been able to find an answer for about bond mutual fund ...
  A: Just as there are different stock funds, there are also different bond funds. Since interest rates ...
Bonds for rising inflation1/14/2003
  Q: If deficits DO matter and we face a sustained rise in interest rates of 1-2%, should I continue to ...
  A: My favorite funds have been total return bond funds. The TIPS are good if you expect inflation. ...
Individual TIPS vs. GinnieMae Fund1/1/2003
  Q: Assuming the next major interest-rate moves will be up, not down, over the next 1-3 years, do you ...
  A: Although the current return is most likely higher on the GMNA fund, higher interest rates would ...
Hello Warren I wanted to...12/29/2002
  Q: I wanted to ask you a follow up question to a recent question I had asked you, if I can. I had been ...
  A: I can't offewr you advice on shether to buy or sell the fund. I can tell you that yes, the fund can ...
puzzled by my bond fund12/24/2002
  Q: first of all thank you very much for taking my question. I am an individual investor and have been ...
  A: I'm not familiar with that fund, but it is possible. Only Treasury and AAA funds got the full ...
Suppose I buy a bond for $1,000...10/15/2002
  Q: Suppose I buy a bond for $1,000 from the federal government, which guarantees that the owner will ...
  A: Without a maturity, you can't say. You bond is worth the present value of a series of $20 LESS per ...
Bond Funds10/2/2002
  Q: I have significant stock mutual fund investments, and now have some discretionary money which I ...
  A: If you expect interest rates to increase, the short-term index should be best. Maybe even an ...
Bond vs. CD6/6/2002
  Q: Doug, Can you explain to me the major differences (advantages or disadvantages) of a Bond vs. a ...
  A: Both are debt. Both are investments. They also can have various coupons based on length to ...
TBills1/14/2002
  Q: Would you please help me with this question about Tbills? I don't think the information on the ...
  A: The real question is, are you happy with 1.68% annually. Rates have really dropped hard and there is ...
Bonds - safer than equities?11/10/2001
  Q: I intend to invest in a global bond fund, should be open-ended ones. My time frame is about 3 - 5 ...
  A: Generally bonds are much safer than equities as they represent an actual promise to return your ...
bonds10/1/2001
  Q: What would happen if buying a series I savings bond if you never received it? could you lose your ...
  A: I think you answered your own question. The "paper-trail" is key. We know the IRS can find you, ...
Income producing stocks and preferred stocks4/30/2001
  Q: I am retired and live off of my investments. At present I have quite a bit of cash having sold ...
  A: Sorry George, I work with fixed income bond investments! I will answer questions about bonds, but ...
Bond rates4/16/2001
  Q: I would like to find out the cost of credit for various issuers. Is there an efficient way to get ...
  A: Douglas, You've answered your own question fairly well. I'm assuming that we are talking about ...
Bonds11/29/2000
  Q: I have a question I hope you can help me with. It is concerning corporate bonds. What is the ...
  A: A convertible bond can be converted or "exchanged" for common stock of the issuer at the OPTION of ...
Duration4/7/2000
  Q: How would you describe the duration and the convexity of a T-bond? In what way(s) are these numbers ...
  A: Unlike Weighted Average Life (WAL), which measures the amount of time that a bond's principal is ...
bonds3/14/2000
  Q: 1) What effect has the expansion of the gdp had on the bonds supplied by the private sector and the ...
  A: 1. The good economy (high production, low unemployment, controlled inflation, etc.) has stimulated ...

All Questions in This Category

Email this page
     
User Agreement | Privacy Policy | Kids' Privacy Policy | Help
Copyright  © 2006 About, Inc. AllExperts, AllExperts.com, and About.com are registered trademarks of About, Inc. All rights reserved.