Careers: Geology/Questions Answered by Expert Keith Patton
| Subject | Date Asked |
| need advice | 5/9/2012 |
| Q: Respected Sir, i have passed my M.Sc in Geology from UNIVERSITY OF KARACHI,PAKISTAN ,sir, now i am ... A: Mrs Amir: Depending on your area of focus, a Masters degree should be adequate to gain employment ... | |
| Jobs and America | 4/27/2012 |
| Q: So ill be immigrating to the USA in the very near future and I want to ask you about the situation ... A: Hasan: I believe your professor is right. Go for the 4 year BS and then transfer to a good masters ... | |
| Jobs and America | 4/23/2012 |
| Q: So ill be immigrating to the USA in the very near future and I want to ask you about the situation ... A: Mining is dead and has been for 30 years. Environmetal geology is matured now, most large projects ... | |
| well logging | 4/22/2012 |
| Q: Respected Sire i am working on a software that need data in LAS format but i have excel format ... A: Kashif: Most geology and geophysical software packages provide the import conversion routine to ... | |
| Concentration area | 4/17/2012 |
| Q: I read your response to someone's question online and I thought you might be of assistance. I have ... A: And lastly, do you have a list of oil exploration companies in the Gulf Coast area especially ... | |
| Concentration area | 4/14/2012 |
| Q: I read your response to someone's question online and I thought you might be of assistance. I have ... A: Ade: Enviromental Geology, hydrology engineering geology, all pay pretty pitiful. The ... | |
| Geophysical logging machine | 3/27/2012 |
| Q: I work as a Hydrogeologist in Afghanistan; I am looking to buy a geophysical logging machine for ... A: Abdulhalim: As a petroleum geologist who has also worked in hydrology, there are a few things I ... | |
| career in geology | 3/25/2012 |
| Q: I would like to ask the career path for geology/geophysics/geoengineer. I love mathematics and ... A: Eric: It sounds like you would probably do better in geophysics or perhaps even petroleum ... | |
| Salary comparisons | 2/15/2012 |
| Q: Patton, In your experience, which oil industry jobs pay the best salaries? I am thinking of jobs ... A: Ali: Petrophysicists are geologists, just specialists in one area. I have a friend who is a PhD ... | |
| Best carrer option for me | 2/12/2012 |
| Q: I completed my graduation in geography, and now i finished my M.Sc. in Remote Sensing and GIS,now i ... A: Sunita: Open an Indian Restaurant perhaps? Just kidding. When I graduated, I had a somewhat ... | |
| Salary of Engineers and Geoscientiests | 2/10/2012 |
| Q: I was reading many of your past question and answers, which are very informative and useful. I read ... A: Issi: If you are a BSc Engineer, you could work any number of places. I know that in the realm of ... | |
| Salary of Engineers and Geoscientiests | 2/10/2012 |
| Q: I was reading many of your past question and answers, which are very informative and useful. I read ... A: In large companies, you are paid by your value to the company. There are something like 15,000 ... | |
| Geophysics and PE | 2/9/2012 |
| Q: I am planning on studying in Germany (due to tuition fees). I have been unable to find any BSc ... A: I would go the engineering route, then work on geophysics later. Here is a dirty little secret. ... | |
| Another BSc that may lead to Petroleum Engineering | 2/7/2012 |
| Q: Patton, I am a mathematics graduate, from the UK,who is looking to go back to university. I am ... A: Your plan would probably work, but it seems to be the long way round and might even hinder you in ... | |
| Geology/Geophysics/Petroleum Engineering | 1/30/2012 |
| Q: Patton, I am a mathematics graduate, from the UK,who is looking to go back to university. I am ... A: Ryan: It will vary with the type of Petroleum engineering specialty you go into. For instance, a ... | |
| Geology/Geophysics/Petroleum Engineering | 1/27/2012 |
| Q: Patton, I am a mathematics graduate, from the UK,who is looking to go back to university. I am ... A: Ryan: The pay scales are pretty much this: 1) BSc Petroleum Engineers, 2) MS Geophysicists 3) MS ... | |
| Propoed Plsn of Study | 1/26/2012 |
| Q: . My name is Ali Raza and I am a student of BS Geology from Pakistan. I have applied for admission ... A: Ali: The reasons you mention sound good. Stating something about the facilities, the curriculum and ... | |
| Propoed Plan of Study | 1/25/2012 |
| Q: . My name is Ali Raza and I am a student of BS Geology from Pakistan. I have applied for admission ... A: Ali: This is pretty simple. I looked at their website. If you are applying for the Developing ... | |
| Propoed Plsn of Study | 1/25/2012 |
| Q: . My name is Ali Raza and I am a student of BS Geology from Pakistan. I have applied for admission ... A: Maria: This is pretty simple. I looked at their website. If you are applying for the Developing ... | |
| Professional "recycling" into oilfield geology | 1/21/2012 |
| Q: Hey Keith, I was hoping I could get some advice from you. I have a BS in Aerospace Engineering and ... A: JJ: There are numerous career paths in the oil industry. The oil "finders" are considered ... | |
| Minor Subjects to take with Geology | 1/19/2012 |
| Q: So I've just started college and I have to take up TWO minor subjects with Geology.I have been given ... A: The Chemistry and Geography in my opinion would be a better option for someone going into ... | |
| Minor Subjects to take with Geology | 1/17/2012 |
| Q: So I've just started college and I have to take up TWO minor subjects with Geology.I have been given ... A: Hasan: I would take either the Chemistry and Physics or the Mathematics and Physics. Since you are ... | |
| Query about Academic Intent | 1/6/2012 |
| Q: Sir I am a student of BS Geology and have applied for admission in M.SC Geology in Sequence ... A: Niaz: First, I am not sure that you understand what a letter of acadmemic intent is. Think of it ... | |
| ACADEMIC INTERESTS for MS SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPGY PROGRAM | 11/29/2011 |
| Q: "I am a student of BS GEOLOGY about to complete my undergraduate degree and I have applied for ... A: Niaz: If I was you, I would look into seismic sequence stratigraphic analysis. This applies the ... | |
| career question | 11/28/2011 |
| Q: Sir I am a 24 year old B.Tech graduate of Geology from Nigeria and i love Geology,i will like to ... A: Dolapo: I don't know that there is a hot new thing is geology at the moment. Good basic skills in ... | |
| Oil and Gas | 11/28/2011 |
| Q: I have discovered that the love for knowledge is not what gets you the oil company job all they are ... A: Dolapo: The current "hot" thing is the "unconventional resource" play. This is the shale gas and ... | |
| Career Guidance | 11/27/2011 |
| Q: Hey I am in my last year of BS Geophy and hopefully my degree will be completed by the coming ... A: Haider: My advice to you is to think about what areas you like and have an aptitute for. Then do ... | |
| career question | 11/25/2011 |
| Q: Sir I am a 24 year old B.Tech graduate of Geology from Nigeria and i love Geology,i will like to ... A: Dolapo: Based on my experience, most large oil companies no longer maintain remote sensing ... | |
| How do i know my career | 11/10/2011 |
| Q: Pls sir, how can one identify his career A: Anngy: I assume the ponunciation of your name is the same as our Angie? Determining what you what ... | |
| Fields of Work | 10/19/2011 |
| Q: Ok, so i'm getting ready to leave highschool and I have to find a university and decide what I want ... A: Jeremy: Yes there are. When I was in college, I had a classmate, who at the time said he wanted to ... | |
| CV and career advice- Petroleum Geoscience | 10/9/2011 |
| Q: I recently graduated from a UK redbrick university with a First Class degree in MSci Geology and ... A: Oliver: I have been asked similar questions regarding the CV/resume. I know that in the EU they ... | |
| msc | 9/9/2011 |
| Q: i am a graduate of geophysics from a nigerian university, hoping to do a graduate study in canada, i ... A: Nelly: Nothing is assured, but you sound like a likely candidate for admission. I ask you though, ... | |
| Geology job directions for the future | 8/29/2011 |
| Q: I just stumbled onto this site and read the question a student had about interests in the Petrology ... A: Shawn: I am a geologist with 31 years in the profession. I have a masters. I did research in oil ... | |
| Change in Career | 8/22/2011 |
| Q: I have completed my Bachelors of Engineering degree in Information Technology and i am currently ... A: Apurba: It would be possible, but it would require a couple more years of school. As a rule most ... | |
| Hi | 8/11/2011 |
| Q: Good day, i really must commend you for your good work. am a geology student from Nigeria. Am really ... A: Kelly: The best place is where they have the best instructors for the specialization you want to ... | |
| Follow-up: Help with M.Sc Petroleum Geology Program | 7/22/2011 |
| Q: Here's my position. I currently hold a B.Sc in Applied Microbiology (2.2) from a Nigerian ... A: Eze: You will need to choose a few universities, send them you current transcript and have them ... | |
| Help with M.Sc Petroleum Geology Program | 7/21/2011 |
| Q: Here's my position. I currently hold a B.Sc in Applied Microbiology (2.2) from a Nigerian ... A: Eze: First, I should think that any reputable university would require that you have completed the ... | |
| whats the scope of geology in pakistan | 7/11/2011 |
| Q: sir i am a student of geology in Karachi university i would ask to you what the scope of geology in ... A: Saad: Take a look at this: http://www.geoscience.com.pk/ There are job opportunities in the ... | |
| Bsc environmental and engineering geology | 7/6/2011 |
| Q: Im in grade 12 from South Africa,I've been accepted for Bsc environmental and engineering geology.Is ... A: Austin: A BS alone will not open as many doors as a MS. If you go into Engineering Geology, you ... | |
| help..!! | 7/3/2011 |
| Q: i want to pursue bachelors in geology in india.i would like to know the job prospects it holds and ... A: Shonazee: Most large firms, like oil and gas companies or large environmental consulting firms ... | |
| Deep water horizon | 6/29/2011 |
| Q: how "Deep Water Horizon Oil Spill" disaster is recovered? A: Bothaina: There are two schools of thought about the Deep Water Horizon spill. The first school of ... | |
| shale gas technologies | 6/29/2011 |
| Q: How could shale gas technologies increase exploration plays? A: I'm not sure what you are asking. How could such things as Microseismic or horizontal drilling and ... | |
| Position for Geochemsitry | 6/27/2011 |
| Q: I am first, MSc. graduated of geochemistry from Iran. I am living in an area that there are many ... A: Jamshid: I would advise you to search online and find a university that has a good geology program ... | |
| Geology | 6/15/2011 |
| Q: this is Cindy. Approximately how long would it take to study to become a geologist? And what courses ... A: Cindy: As you are probably aware, the study of Geology covers a whole host of specialty areas. ... | |
| Undergraduate Course Selection | 6/14/2011 |
| Q: I am not sure which direction of study I should take as an undergraduate. I currently have a B.A. in ... A: Justin: The truth of the matter is a BS will only earn you a position as a geo-tech in the ... | |
| Guide/Tutor | 6/3/2011 |
| Q: I am a graduate of Geology from Nigeria, presently opting for Ms in Geology (option in oil & gas) in ... A: Ayo' Seyi: I am not sure what you mean by gaining experience. If you want to learn all the tricks ... | |
| graduate prospects abroad | 6/3/2011 |
| Q: I am a recent graduate of BSc in Geophysical Sciences from the UK. I have attained 2.2 grade mark ... A: George: You are right about the experience. New hires can land jobs several different ways. The ... | |
| MARINE GEOLOGY | 5/9/2011 |
| Q: i am interested in pursuing my career in geology field.but i am not clear about the job prospects in ... A: Vivek: Good question. In geology, at the BS level you learn the basics. At the MS level you hone ... | |
| GEOLOGY VS GEOINFORMATICS | 5/3/2011 |
| Q: "i have completed BSc in environmental science.now i want to do MSc in GEO field.but i am confused ... A: In my opinion, the geoinfomatics is more in line with remote sensing and GIS. These would have you ... | |
| What will th MS in geology actually do for me in the current job market? | 4/20/2011 |
| Q: I am just wrapping up my second semester in a geosciences graduate program and I'm starting to get a ... A: GeoGrrrl: Most large environmental consulting firms require a MS for their geologists. I worked ... | |
| how to develop a career in geology? | 4/17/2011 |
| Q: I graduated with a BSc Gen in Geology(2.2 class) 13 years ago and ended up being a Science Educator ... A: Grace: If you are interested in GIS/Remote Sensing and Environmental Geology, you might be able to ... | |
| GUIDE | 4/12/2011 |
| Q: kindly tell me about the top universities in china, spain and italy having earth ... A: Muhammad: I really can't tell you anything more, than you can find on the web yourself. China has ... | |
| Geology | 4/10/2011 |
| Q: I did my BS.hons Applied geology and now I am stuck between choosing MSc petroleum geoscience and ... A: Mirza: It depends on where you live and where you want to go. If you do a little research, you ... | |
| Master degree consideration | 3/30/2011 |
| Q: I have graduated for my bachelor course majoring Geophysical Engineering from Bandung Institute of ... A: Reza: Both are good options. I have two friends from the US who have worked in Indonesia in the ... | |
| Career progression | 3/22/2011 |
| Q: I love your interplay of experience and witticism. I wish to ask for suggestions on how to get my ... A: Theo: Provided that you have the right combination of courses, that is, a good overal background, I ... | |
| hand carved amazonite ? | 2/2/2011 |
| Q: I'm trying to identify this piece, and no one seems to be able to help me so far, I believe its ... A: Art: At first glance thought it might be jade, but it looks more like malachite. What tipped me to ... | |
| Where to start? | 1/28/2011 |
| Q: First of all, I would like to thank you for helping me out. I'm a student who is waiting for my ... A: Soovinessh: You do not say where you intend to study. If it is in Malaysia, the I would suggest ... | |
| i need info. | 1/18/2011 |
| Q: i have a B.Sc. in Geology (3rd class Hons)from a Nigerian University since 2007 and i have been ... A: Alozie: The first thing you need to do is determine what area of study you want to pursue you MSc. ... | |
| chinese university in petroleum industry | 1/14/2011 |
| Q: I like to do MSc Geophysics from Wuhan University, China. Can somebody guide me about the ... A: Muhammad: Here is a list given to me by a Chinese co worker: China university of Geosciences ... | |
| question | 11/14/2010 |
| Q: can i work in an oil company with B.Tech in Agricultural economics A: Smith: No. Most oil companies on the technical side, require a MS in Geology or Geophysics. The ... | |
| help me | 11/12/2010 |
| Q: Good day sir, i graduated in one of the Nigeria university with a 3rd class in geology, i want to ... A: I don't know any first hand. You might check this website and see if you can see what universities ... | |
| help me | 11/9/2010 |
| Q: Good day sir, i graduated in one of the Nigeria university with a 3rd class in geology, i want to ... A: As I said, you first have to decide what it is you want to study. Getting into a school does you ... | |
| urgent | 11/9/2010 |
| Q: okay so just graduated with a pass in geology.It is said that with that class you cant do much.Have ... A: Ify: I don't think you will be accepted into a graduate program with a low "C". It depends on ... | |
| help me | 11/6/2010 |
| Q: Good day sir, i graduated in one of the Nigeria university with a 3rd class in geology, i want to ... A: Mike: Here is an answer to a similar question asked of me only the other day. My advise to you is ... | |
| urgent | 11/4/2010 |
| Q: okay so just graduated with a pass in geology.It is said that with that class you cant do much.Have ... A: Ify: If I understand you, you have just recieved a degree, presumably a BS in Geology. You are now ... | |
| Choice of school | 10/26/2010 |
| Q: Sir, Please i need your expert advice. I got admission in university of Tulsa and university of ... A: Andrew: Here are some comments from my friend. TU is likely the stronger of the two. It ... | |
| Eligibility for MS | 10/18/2010 |
| Q: I am Abhishek. I have done my BSc(honors) in Geology from India. After completing my BSc I have ... A: Abhishek: I don't think it really matters. Undergraduate requires 10+2 or twelve years of ... | |
| Geology | 10/13/2010 |
| Q: I am currently studying civil engineering, can i get credited to do geology? A: Thato: Most engineering programs require or at least honor geology courses as electives in ... | |
| Geo science | 10/13/2010 |
| Q: I am a senior college student about to graduate with a B.A in photojournalism and a minor in ... A: James: I don't know that there is any more or less job security in oil and gas discipline of ... | |
| Geology degree | 10/10/2010 |
| Q: I am about to finish a degree in Geography BSc however after work experience in a mine this summer I ... A: Katie: I should think that you might only need a few core courses to enable you to get a masters ... | |
| drilling engineer as a career | 9/24/2010 |
| Q: Keith Patton, i am a graduate in mechanical engineering. i want to work in the petroleum industry as ... A: Prabaldip: I would think that the only way you might have any success is to get training. I ... | |
| Career Question | 9/15/2010 |
| Q: I am at the verge of career path decision making but i need some expert in the industry to shed more ... A: Either one would work. The University of Houston has a pretty rigorous curricula, you can go to ... | |
| Career Question | 9/14/2010 |
| Q: I am at the verge of career path decision making but i need some expert in the industry to shed more ... A: Andrew: You can make a career with a BS in Petroleum engineering. To do anything approaching that ... | |
| Geology career | 9/13/2010 |
| Q: I am planning to major in geology when i enter university next year. I am thinking about working in ... A: Egg: The envivronmental industry has gotten very competitive. In the US it saw its heyday in the ... | |
| Sledge Hammar as a source of vibration in Geological Survey | 9/11/2010 |
| Q: I would like to know the maximum vibration a sledge hammar can provide in a wet area (environment) ... A: Sledge hammer refraction seismic is only effective to 25 feet or so. It is generally used to ... | |
| geology career change at age 51 | 9/11/2010 |
| Q: I am enrolled in a science degree and will be 51 by the time I finish. Will I realistically be too ... A: Phil: It really depends on your back ground, that is prior work experience. Some employers prefer ... | |
| International Work | 9/8/2010 |
| Q: I'm back with another question! I would like to travel internationally sometime in my career. What ... A: Daniel: Check out the website: WWW.worldwideworker.com They post positions overseas for the oil ... | |
| Wellsite Geology | 9/6/2010 |
| Q: I am a graduate from a college with a diploma in geology, not a university degree. I am looking to ... A: Dan: Have you been able to at least get to the interview stage? If so, then your credentials are ... | |
| Petroleum Geoscience software access | 8/9/2010 |
| Q: Keith I have been accepted to do an MSc in Petroleum Geoscience but the course specifies access to ... A: George: I spoke with our licensing people. They say it would be possible for you university to ... | |
| Petroleum Geoscience software access | 8/4/2010 |
| Q: Keith I have been accepted to do an MSc in Petroleum Geoscience but the course specifies access to ... A: George: So just to clarify, the prerequisite for the course is that you have access to one of the ... | |
| MSc in Petroleum Engineering at Texas University of Technology | 8/3/2010 |
| Q: I will really appreciate your answer / guidance. This is just a follow up to my previous posts. As I ... A: Yes, that area has a good success rate. There are fewer petroleum engineers than geologists. I ... | |
| Best classes and schools for mineralogy | 7/14/2010 |
| Q: and Ive been getting interested into mineralogy but I dont know what classes to take or which ... A: Martin: Mineralogy is but one area in the discipline of Geology. Mineralogy is pretty much a done ... | |
| Geology | 7/14/2010 |
| Q: Respected Sir, I am Karishma from India. I am presently in grade 12th & would complete my 12th by ... A: Karishma: Most companies require a BS and a MS when hiring a geologist for a professional position. ... | |
| Career options in Remote sensing | 7/5/2010 |
| Q: I am M.Sc. Applied Geology student and I have to do my career in remote sensing and gis field. ... A: Kuldeep: I did my masters in Remote Sensing/Geolgy back in the late 1970's. I got my MS in 1980. ... | |
| urgent | 6/23/2010 |
| Q: I have a B.sc in geology in Nigeria and i graduated with a third class. Presently i am in USA to ... A: Petroleum pays a lot more than environmental. I worked environmental for 6 years before going back ... | |
| Geology | 6/23/2010 |
| Q: Xavier's College. I am majoring in Geology and have opted for Physics and Maths as the other two ... A: I took a year of physics as a requirement for my Geology BS degree. It sounds like you have some ... | |
| please help me out quickly. | 6/18/2010 |
| Q: I have a B.sc in geology in Nigeria and i graduated with a third class. Presently i am in USA to ... A: Wole: Most companies want a MS in Geology. You might be able to find employment in environmental ... | |
| software | 6/8/2010 |
| Q: i am a student now in geophysics and i want to know what useful software i can learn during my ... A: Any form of knowledge of mapping, gridding and contouring software is useful. GIS is useful in some ... | |
| software | 6/6/2010 |
| Q: i am a student now in geophysics and i want to know what useful software i can learn during my ... A: You need to learn what is called Geology and geophysical software such as Kingdom, Landmark, or ... | |
| Oil leakage | 6/1/2010 |
| Q: Pattaon, I would like to know exactly what techniques or methods are use to distinguish the special ... A: Nouri: Okay, not I understand. First, you do not say where the seep is, or how it manifests ... | |
| Oil leakage | 5/30/2010 |
| Q: Pattaon, I would like to know exactly what techniques or methods are use to distinguish the special ... A: Rosa: Did you mean to say "extinguish"? Do you mean to plug the well? The primary techniques are ... | |
| geology/pcm | 5/29/2010 |
| Q: i had just passed my 12-tth board exams from maths stream.i wanted to know that how i can become a ... A: Rohan: I am not familiar with the universities in India. I would go online and check the curricula ... | |
| Future subjects | 5/21/2010 |
| Q: I am a student from Pakistan and in last semester of BS in Geophysics major interest is Seismic ... A: Muhammad: You might find that you need a masters degree. Check out www.worldwideworker.com. There ... | |
| Career Advice | 5/12/2010 |
| Q: I'm currently a second year on a MGeol geology with geophysics degree (4 years), I was thinking of ... A: HannaH: Slim. In my experience, most professional postions for Geologists and geophysicists ... | |
| A few questions | 5/12/2010 |
| Q: this fall, I'm going to Rice U as a freshman to possibly end up as a geoscience major. This was a ... A: Greg: I wasn't sure about whether you'd be old enough or not. Sorry. Good luck with Rice. I am ... | |
| A few questions | 5/11/2010 |
| Q: this fall, I'm going to Rice U as a freshman to possibly end up as a geoscience major. This was a ... A: Greg: One of my old bosses was a Rice Alum. He is a principle at a local environmental engineering ... | |
| MS in Petroleum Geology | 4/30/2010 |
| Q: I have a Bachelors in soil science, however this was gotten in a foreign country. I would like to ... A: Chichi: I had a minor in soils. There shouldn't be that many courses you need aside from some ... | |
| Things I would like to know | 4/23/2010 |
| Q: I have some questions for you. I want to become a Geologist,so what would my major be in? I also ... A: Quincy: Universities offer geology degrees under a variety of forms. My university had both Earth ... | |
| Summer field work wages | 4/14/2010 |
| Q: I am a third year student (geology), and have the prospect of doing some field work over the summer ... A: Renata: I wages range from $40K to $74K basedon experience. So you would be at the bottom of the ... | |
| internship? | 4/2/2010 |
| Q: I m a B.Sc.(h)Geology 2nd yr. student of Ram Lal Anand College,Delhi University.Aftr my exams i m ... A: Khushboo: I would inquire at your university about interships at the National Oil company of India. ... | |
| Selecting Masters Program | 3/14/2010 |
| Q: I have a B.S. in Geology and have been mud logging for two years. I have applied to several schools ... A: Clark: The Wichita State gig sounds like a sweet deal. I had something similar at Old Dominion in ... | |
| career advice | 3/12/2010 |
| Q: I am a recent graduate of geology but with interest in engineering that will incorporate my first ... A: A MS in electrical engineering. First, I would actually contact the companies you might work for, ... | |
| career advice | 3/11/2010 |
| Q: I am a recent graduate of geology but with interest in engineering that will incorporate my first ... A: Bilkisu: I don't see why you couldn't incorportate electrical engineering into your degree plans. ... | |
| How to become a Petroleom Geologist | 2/14/2010 |
| Q: I am a First year student @ Wits University in South Africa and i am studying Geology. I will major ... A: Freddy: At your level, there is nothing to change really. The basic principles you are learning ... | |
| Career Advice | 2/11/2010 |
| Q: I am a undergraduate student of Geophysics currently in ma second year( or 4th semester) in this ... A: Haider: In the US and I would imagine overseas, hydrology positions are limited, in my experience, ... | |
| career as an explorer | 1/31/2010 |
| Q: i am currently a mechanical engineer. i want to work as an petroleum explorer. i have gone through ... A: In the states, the best ones are located in oil producing states. This is because of the grants and ... | |
| career as an explorer | 1/29/2010 |
| Q: i am currently a mechanical engineer. i want to work as an petroleum explorer. i have gone through ... A: I am speaking from 30 years experience. Ask the the University officials if any of them have ever ... | |
| career as an explorer | 1/25/2010 |
| Q: i am currently a mechanical engineer. i want to work as an petroleum explorer. i have gone through ... A: Pra: To work in the petroleum industry as an explorationist, you need at least a Masters Degree in ... | |
| Petroleum Geology or Sedimentology as Major Field | 1/21/2010 |
| Q: Hope that you will be enjoying your health and work.I am student of BS Geology in Pakistan.in our ... A: I would deem both as essential for employment in the petroleum industry. Sedimentology is probably ... | |
| changing careers to geology | 1/20/2010 |
| Q: I am deeply interested in geological sciences and although i have done my bachelors in management, i ... A: Divya: From your background it sounds like you might me suited for something in the enviromental ... | |
| changing careers to geology | 1/19/2010 |
| Q: I am deeply interested in geological sciences and although i have done my bachelors in management, i ... A: Divya: As a graduate in another discipline, you would first have to pass the Graduate Record Exam ... | |
| Volcanology in NC? | 1/16/2010 |
| Q: I desperately want to study volcanology but I can't find any colleges that offer any courses in NC. ... A: Emma: I don't know of any, since sadly, the discipline entails that study of the volcanic processes ... | |
| strange marks on rock | 1/12/2010 |
| Q: This rock was found in a river in the queen charlotte islands in b.c. canada i'm told it is probably ... A: Dave: The answer you were given appears to be partly right. The "markings" are definitely just a ... | |
| Geology career | 12/28/2009 |
| Q: I am thinking of pursuing a career in geology and would like to get your opinion. I got my bachelor ... A: Bob: Good questions. First, if you can get accepted into the geology program, without taking some ... | |
| job | 12/10/2009 |
| Q: Sir, i am 29 year.i have done M.sc. in petroleum geology from Pakistan in 2006. i have done job of ... A: Sayed: Have you tried applying at www.worldwideworker.com? They usually have a lot of jobs posted ... | |
| Old Geologist | 11/30/2009 |
| Q: I graduated in the middle 80s with a BS in Geology and a very low GPA. I worked for two years in IM ... A: I don't think it could have been me. I have not attended HGS meetins in some while. Have you ... | |
| Old Geologist | 11/28/2009 |
| Q: I graduated in the middle 80s with a BS in Geology and a very low GPA. I worked for two years in IM ... A: Trent: I put off answering you for the same reason you don't go to the dentist. It is unpleasant. ... | |
| Regarding M.S. | 11/24/2009 |
| Q: I did Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics & Communication. But I never worked in that field. I ... A: Ameen: Engineers have the higher income potential and historically have had the most stable ... | |
| Hello | 11/1/2009 |
| Q: I came across this site by accident and i must say i appreciate what you guys are doing. My question ... A: Jermaine: Most jobs in geology in the petroleum industry require a masters degreee. BS level jobs ... | |
| Decision making on my career path | 10/18/2009 |
| Q: I want to thank you in advance for answering my question and any input from you would be great. I ... A: ZR: I have been in the industry since I graduated in 1980. I did have to endure layoffs in the ... | |
| career | 10/15/2009 |
| Q: What courses we should take to prepare for the current job market related to geology? A: Sartj: Take your basic curriculum for a geology degree, get a BS then get an Masters of Science ... | |
| Geophysics | 10/15/2009 |
| Q: I'd like to find out what is required in order to begin a career in geophysics, specifically the ... A: Kathy: Do take a computer class. Programming is not so important, but a class in how to use the ... | |
| Geophysics | 10/14/2009 |
| Q: I'd like to find out what is required in order to begin a career in geophysics, specifically the ... A: Kathy: Don't want to burst your balloon, but I would question any program that cut mathmatics and ... | |
| Pending schlumberger starting date | 10/9/2009 |
| Q: My question is somewhat related to Xuzhen's concern regarding his job offer from Schlumberger. In my ... A: Ray: Isn't it awful that the company treats potential new hires with such colonial contempt? They ... | |
| Year 11 subjects | 9/17/2009 |
| Q: I have a bit of a problem, i have had to choose my subjects for year 11 and i did so with a plan to ... A: Kris: I would replace the Religious Ed...I know it is compulsory, which means you are probably in a ... | |
| hi | 9/11/2009 |
| Q: explain how hot and cold matter work together to create convection currents A: Simply put, the molecules and atoms of matter expand when heated. They become excited and move ... | |
| schools for petrologists | 9/4/2009 |
| Q: I was wondering if there are any high schools that teach petrology? I'm doing a report on it and i ... A: Kelsey: Probably not as to do it properly, you need mineralogy and to do that you need some ... | |
| petrolleum enginerring | 8/19/2009 |
| Q: sir i would like to ask about you is there is a link between geology and petroleum engineering.afrte ... A: Salar: No. You could do a degree in petroleum engineering. In development geology (developing a ... | |
| geology | 8/15/2009 |
| Q: This is smita mitra from pune well i have completed my BBA last year that is 2008, however i am very ... A: Smita: An MBA will not help you in geology. You need a Masters of Science. I had a class mate ... | |
| Second Bachelor or straight to Masters | 8/14/2009 |
| Q: I truly do appreciate your candor. I graduated with a liberal arts degree and I am now looking to ... A: I don't know what school you are attending, but they may be selling a bill of goods that will not ... | |
| Help! Am I Too Old For A geology Career? | 8/12/2009 |
| Q: My question relates to my uncertainty about taking on geology BSc. I am about to sign up to a local ... A: Again, if you prepare well and have done your homework about the companies that you are applying to, ... | |
| geology after my BS | 8/6/2009 |
| Q: Taseer, 19 male, pakistan salam, i'm studying geology BS-3rd year,1 year left now. what subjects u ... A: Tasser: I cannot "tell" you what you should study. I could tell you what you should focus on, but ... | |
| Geology/Geophysics- oil and gas | 8/4/2009 |
| Q: I have somewhat of unusual situation where I have a BS Business Admin and about 4 yrs of management ... A: Kyle: Probably not from the standpoint of your employers, but it wouldn't hurt either, to have the ... | |
| Older geology graduates | 8/3/2009 |
| Q: I hope you may be able to throw some light on, or possibly give me some advice, to my situation. Im ... A: I am sure there are always people willing to hire older graduates. We have laws against that form ... | |
| geology after my BS | 8/1/2009 |
| Q: Taseer, 19 male, pakistan salam, i'm studying geology BS-3rd year,1 year left now. what subjects u ... A: Taseer: You probably need to look into what companies want, what skills are they looking for. This ... | |
| geology | 8/1/2009 |
| Q: resrected sir, i want to know that is geology field is good for girls or not?which field is best for ... A: Meenashi: First, in geology a Masters degree is mandatory to get a good job. All field are pretty ... | |
| Older geology graduates | 7/31/2009 |
| Q: I hope you may be able to throw some light on, or possibly give me some advice, to my situation. Im ... A: James: As an engineering geologist, there are options. But first some background. Engineers have ... | |
| Career | 7/30/2009 |
| Q: i m doing bsc in environmental science. i further want to do msc in either petrology or in ... A: Nazeen: First, petroleum pays better than environmental by a long shot. Environmental work is done ... | |
| Thinking of a Career Change... | 7/25/2009 |
| Q: I have been working for a environmental consulting firm for about a year now, mostly field work. ... A: Kevin: I worked for ERM-Southwest out of Houston, also know as the Sweatshop. The franchise ... | |
| Msc in Petroleum Geoscience | 7/21/2009 |
| Q: If one is a late applicant for the above course at Imperial is it better to defer it for a year and ... A: Work experience is not that important. What is important is working on team type projects, like ... | |
| A career in Petrography | 7/20/2009 |
| Q: Good Day Mr Patton, I am currently in an internship program after completing my MSc. degree in ... A: Chantell: No. Most petrography in the industry is very specialized and performed by consulting ... | |
| Geology | 6/29/2009 |
| Q: what are the main sedimentary structures associated with a fluvial environment of deposition? A: Ripples, dunes and anti dunes are found in the fluvial river bed. Deltas, point bars. alluvial ... | |
| geological science | 6/28/2009 |
| Q: what are the career prospects of studying geological science in india? is microbiology better than ... A: I really can't say specifically. Your best alternative is to ask the question to the university ... | |
| Geologist with 1 year experience in Geotechnical work. | 6/28/2009 |
| Q: Respected Sir, I have done my post graduation in pure geology with first class, and I have one ... A: Suresh: It sonds like you have worked with some of the lower end software. Petrolum companies will ... | |
| help with study | 6/4/2009 |
| Q: and die in Peru there isn't good education , a the moment I have problems for find working, I have a ... A: Jhonny: I am not familiar with the universities in Australia. Both Australia and Canada have large ... | |
| find a job | 6/1/2009 |
| Q: I am Ali 37 years old from Iran,ph-d holder of Geology (stratigraphy&paleontology)beside palynology ... A: Ali: You might try looking in the listings for these organizations: ... | |
| guide me | 5/31/2009 |
| Q: i had finished my 12th std.i wish to do Degree in petroleum sub.at the moment i'm at the cross roads ... A: V: Sorry, but I am not familiar with the universities in India. You do absolutely want to include ... | |
| Guidance for petroleum exploration courses | 5/21/2009 |
| Q: To respected SIR/MAM, I have completed my masters in petroleum geology from ... A: I am not familiar with the schools in the UK and Australia. In the US here are some good programs. ... | |
| Advice on a careers in volcanology and seismology | 5/11/2009 |
| Q: I am 25 and graduated with a 2.1 in Geology/Biology from the University of Bristol 3 years ago. I ... A: Laura: Since there isn't much commercial interest in volcanology that I know of, all employment in ... | |
| Mature age geology student and mum | 5/10/2009 |
| Q: I am currently a BSc student majoring in Geology and Geophysics at an Australian university. I am ... A: Kamila: Petroleum work can be in the office or if you do well site work, away for long periods. It ... | |
| Geology jobs in the UK | 5/7/2009 |
| Q: I am a geology with palaeobiology MGeol graduate from the UK. I completed my degree with a 2:1 about ... A: Ben: I am not sure what you can do with a paleobiology degree. You seem to have fallen victim to ... | |
| A Career In Geology | 4/20/2009 |
| Q: Keith I am a high school doing a career project and geology is the feild I plan to go into when i ... A: Hallie: There are a lot of good universities. It depends on the area you plan to specialize in. ... | |
| Geomorphology | 4/19/2009 |
| Q: I'm just finishing my Ph.D. dissertation in geomorphology and working at the engineering company as ... A: Defender of the Kingdom: (My daughter is named Alexandra, so I know what the name means). You have ... | |
| geology | 4/7/2009 |
| Q: respected Sir, Right now I'm a student of B.Sc. in Geology (2nd yr.).I want to know ... A: The answer is no. I do not know of any "management" courses for manageing exploration. Most ... | |
| geology | 4/5/2009 |
| Q: respected Sir, Right now I'm a student of B.Sc. in Geology (2nd yr.).I want to know ... A: Soham: Most employers in the major oil companies require a masters degree for exploration ... | |
| petrophysics or petroleum geophysics | 4/1/2009 |
| Q: I have a problem with choosing my master course! I have finished my bachelor course in physics, I ... A: In my experience, the petroleum engineer has always drawn the higher salary. The MS geophysicisit ... | |
| petrophysics or petroleum geophysics | 3/23/2009 |
| Q: I have a problem with choosing my master course! I have finished my bachelor course in physics, I ... A: Petrophysics is a very specialized area of work. Geophysics less specialized. I have a friend who ... | |
| explain vividly | 2/20/2009 |
| Q: what are the job opportunities for a person with a M.sc degree in geophysics.is it true they work in ... A: Niyi: Yes, good. The market for geophysicists is currently pretty good. Most geophysicists would ... | |
| Rocks as a career? | 2/15/2009 |
| Q: I am currently attending my first year at my university with a major in geology. While I have always ... A: Kellee: You are right about the most common career paths. However, oil companies do use ... | |
| Guide for furhter studies in Geology | 2/6/2009 |
| Q: I have completed my masters in Marine Geology with good scores and have one year experience in a ... A: Rananeesh: A masters degree is the most sought after degree by the oil companies. There are ... | |
| a job.. | 2/2/2009 |
| Q: Mr Patton: Im a colombian geologist with a master degree in earth Sciences (UNAM-Mexico) and I have ... A: Andres: Check out the Webpage for Environmental Resource Mangement Company, ERM for short. They do ... | |
| Guide for furhter studies in Geology | 2/1/2009 |
| Q: I have completed my masters in Marine Geology with good scores and have one year experience in a ... A: Rajaneesh: What might raise questions for a future employer, is why you were not gaining any ... | |
| geology | 2/1/2009 |
| Q: what are the areas or prospect that geologist benefits in the society especially in Nigeria. A: Chuks: I am not sure what you are asking so I'll answer it two ways. First Geologists in Nigeria ... | |
| Oil and Energy Careers information | 1/22/2009 |
| Q: I am a recruiter in the Oil and Energy industry. I have read the questions posed by another ... A: Alex: I can't off the top of my head. Roles seem to change so much, and there are just too many ... | |
| Getting into the field | 1/21/2009 |
| Q: I recently graduated with a BSc in honours Biology but my interests are shifting more towards the ... A: Patrick: You will need to speak with the faculty advisor for the geology department. Some times ... | |
| career as ageologist | 1/16/2009 |
| Q: i recently have my B.Sc. in soil and water sciences with GPA=3.2/4 and honor degree and i love ... A: No you are not wasting your time. So you would be around 27-28 when you graduate with you MS. That ... | |
| career as ageologist | 1/16/2009 |
| Q: i recently have my B.Sc. in soil and water sciences with GPA=3.2/4 and honor degree and i love ... A: Hany: Your previous degree won't hurt, but probably won't help that much except for any chemistry ... | |
| challenging carriers in geophysics | 1/2/2009 |
| Q: I am currently doing geology & expl. geophy. I read one of ur replies to a questn about software ... A: Franklyn: The three big players in G&G software are Landmark, Schlumberger/Petrel (IESX and ... | |
| career opportunity | 12/17/2008 |
| Q: I am the last year student of BSc physics! I am confused! I can not choose between these three ... A: Shaparak: I don't know the income potential of an architectural acoustics specialist, but the ... | |
| GeoEngineering Career- What schooling do I need | 11/26/2008 |
| Q: I would like to know what schooling I need to become a GeoEngineer( In Canada) What classes do I ... A: Geoengineerig covers a lot of territory. Probably a civil engineerign degree would work. The best ... | |
| schlumberger recruiting | 11/19/2008 |
| Q: I'm from china.I'm confused by schlumberger's recruiting process.I will appreciate your answer very ... A: Xuzhen: First, from my 8 years with them, I learned that most HR people at the company are ... | |
| Best university for geology | 11/11/2008 |
| Q: What are some of the best universities for studying geology in the US? By the best, I mean which ... A: Lisa: I've been asked that several times and cannot give a definitive answere. I have emailed the ... | |
| Oil e gas jobs - for how long? | 11/10/2008 |
| Q: My question regards the very long discussion about oil & gas jobs and the oil peak, especially now ... A: Ricardo: How long will we need plastics and chemical fertilizers? Oil is used for so much more ... | |
| Geophysics Education | 10/31/2008 |
| Q: Patton, I am currently active duty military looking for a career change into geophysics and was ... A: Megan: First, you must be Navy. I have very fond memories of my years in Norfolk and Va. Beach. I ... | |
| copper & platinum | 10/12/2008 |
| Q: keith iam doing a paper on the 4 precious metals gold silver copper & platinum & i wouldlike to know ... A: Copper is a native element. That means it is found in pure form as metal. It also occurs in ... | |
| geology vs. geophysics | 10/11/2008 |
| Q: Ok so here is the deal. I'm a student at Texas A&M Univeristy. My current major is Petroleum ... A: Yes, you need a masters in geology to get a decent job. Yes, you should percevier in yuo mech ... | |
| petrologist ? | 10/9/2008 |
| Q: I'm very interested in pursuing a career in Petrology, I know it's not geology, but I'm also ... A: Candace: Petrology is geology, it is a very fundamental segment of the geological sciences. You ... | |
| Reservoir Engineers and Geoscientists | 10/7/2008 |
| Q: You have answered a previous question I posed re the difference between an 'Operations' Reservoir ... A: John: I have done both early in my career. I worked in development on the gulf coast and ... | |
| Reservoir Engineers | 9/30/2008 |
| Q: What is the difference between an 'operations' and 'simulation' reservoir engineer in terms of day ... A: John: There are probably a few. I have a good friend who was a simulations engineer working at ... | |
| Reservoir Engineers | 9/30/2008 |
| Q: What is the difference between an 'operations' and 'simulation' reservoir engineer in terms of day ... A: John: It isn't easy to pigeon hole someone's daily duties. Think of it more as possessing a type ... | |
| geoscience careers | 9/29/2008 |
| Q: and is interested in geology after taking two classes and spending a summer in the southwest. He is ... A: Andrea: First he has to look at where he wants to go to grad school and consider thier ... | |
| Reservoir Engineers | 9/24/2008 |
| Q: What is the difference between an 'operations' and 'simulation' reservoir engineer in terms of day ... A: A simulation engineer sits in front of a computer terminal and models projected performance of a ... | |
| earth's mantle | 9/19/2008 |
| Q: This isn't about careers but an expert told me I had to ask a Geophysicist. So I am hoping you can ... A: Robert: Yes there is clear geological evidence that the level and frequency of volcanic activity ... | |
| Minerology | 9/19/2008 |
| Q: I have an interest in minerology, I have a cousin named Jeff Keith who is a famous geologist, but ... A: Marshall: Unfortunately Minealogy isn't what it used to be. At one time it was on the cutting edge ... | |
| geoscience careers | 9/18/2008 |
| Q: and is interested in geology after taking two classes and spending a summer in the southwest. He is ... A: Andrea: Unfortunately very few. I had a classmate that did a BS in geology and and an MBA in ... | |
| earth's mantle | 9/17/2008 |
| Q: This isn't about careers but an expert told me I had to ask a Geophysicist. So I am hoping you can ... A: Robert: I know of only three process that supplied heat to the Earths interior and two of them are ... | |
| general | 9/12/2008 |
| Q: I am currently attending a university and I am having a problem finding my exact interest or major. ... A: Thomas: Your question is a bit general. There are lots of specialty areas in the geosciences, but ... | |
| earth's mantle | 9/11/2008 |
| Q: This isn't about careers but an expert told me I had to ask a Geophysicist. So I am hoping you can ... A: Robert: Yes, nuclear decay is one thing that keeps the core hot. The temperature of the core keeps ... | |
| masters program | 9/3/2008 |
| Q: i'm currently searching for a school offering petroleum geoscience. can you advice me on suitable ... A: Omakoji: There are too many to list. The first thng you should do is narrow down the list of ... | |
| career change | 8/26/2008 |
| Q: i'm a nigerian and i just graduated from school. i studied microbilogy. but now, i've decided to go ... A: Those are the industry leaders. Pretty much the standards. If they don't meet your needs, maybe ... | |
| CESM Technoogy..a pifall for Seismologists? | 8/26/2008 |
| Q: How does Exxon's CESM technology affect Seismologists? Does it bite into how much they're sought in ... A: To your question. From what I read about it, it is just another tool in the toolbox and does not ... | |
| career change | 8/26/2008 |
| Q: i'm a nigerian and i just graduated from school. i studied microbilogy. but now, i've decided to go ... A: Afoloshade: Here are some online petroleum training providers: ... | |
| Career at Canada for Geological Remote Sensing & GIS | 8/21/2008 |
| Q: I am Jayaseelan from India. I have completed my Ph.D in the filed of Geological Remote Sensing and ... A: Jay: I would assume you need to be recruited by a company that could then sponsor you for ... | |
| They made me start a new question | 8/21/2008 |
| Q: Keith, I am leaning heavily towards school of mines. They have a non-thesis program, is it just as ... A: Cory: I did a non thesis masters too. You still have to do independent research, at least I did, ... | |
| General Petroleum question | 8/19/2008 |
| Q: Keith, You seem to be the go to guy for asking questions and getting good answers. I read a few of ... A: Cory: University of Oklahoma University of Texas Colorado University Colorado School of Mines ... | |
| General Petroleum question | 8/18/2008 |
| Q: Keith, You seem to be the go to guy for asking questions and getting good answers. I read a few of ... A: Cory: Engineers can be away more than geologists depending on the type of position they are in both ... | |
| General Petroleum question | 8/16/2008 |
| Q: Keith, You seem to be the go to guy for asking questions and getting good answers. I read a few of ... A: Cory: Unfortunately the market for BS degrees is really poor. Most environmental companies will ... | |
| A little worry about this field. | 8/14/2008 |
| Q: I'm beginning to feel like Geologists aren't getting paid well. I had transfered from Computer ... A: Schlumberger has two lines of software, software they use on well site that is developed by the Wire ... | |
| A little worry about this field. | 8/14/2008 |
| Q: I'm beginning to feel like Geologists aren't getting paid well. I had transfered from Computer ... A: No petrology is the study of rocks. You would have to have all the traditional courses but also ... | |
| A little worry about this field. | 8/13/2008 |
| Q: I'm beginning to feel like Geologists aren't getting paid well. I had transfered from Computer ... A: Stanely: Definitely the petroleum sector. You could probably leverage your computer experience ... | |
| Mineralogy vs Petrology | 8/11/2008 |
| Q: I am unsure-more like thorn apart-between petrology and mineralogy. I want something that would make ... A: Stanley: If you haven't checked, most of the mining companies today are either canadian or ... | |
| Mineralogy vs Petrology | 8/11/2008 |
| Q: I am unsure-more like thorn apart-between petrology and mineralogy. I want something that would make ... A: Well Stanley: First I am assuming that you are refering to majoring in one or the other. I ask ... | |
| geology | 8/4/2008 |
| Q: im doing MSCin geology(general) from a small Indian university(HNB GARHWAL)im planning to do a ... A: Sugandha: I really don't know much about the salary ranges in India. Try doing a web search for ... | |
| Geology prospects? | 7/29/2008 |
| Q: I'm very likely to begin on the bachelor course of Geology. However, I wonder what the prospects and ... A: Simon: Oil will be with us for a very long long time. Until they can figure out a way to make ... | |
| I have lost all hopes | 7/16/2008 |
| Q: I'm extremely sorry if I'm asking too much from you. I'm a recent immigrant in Canada,living in ... A: Maria: Unfortunately, I would have to say that the boom is in the white collare positions working ... | |
| Mineralogist salary | 7/14/2008 |
| Q: I am interested in becoming a mineralogist, but im not sure how much they get paid. I'm sure i would ... A: Metin: The best place to get current salary information is at: ... | |
| geology | 7/7/2008 |
| Q: i am in the 12th.I want to do my masters in geology.My ouestion is there a scope in india n are the ... A: Alissa: Right now there are plenty of opportunities in Geology. I don't know what the situation ... | |
| what can i do | 7/1/2008 |
| Q: what is the best selling course in the oil and gas industry?and as a Bsc geophysics what best ... A: There is no best selling course. If you are asking about an industry seminar, then Check out the ... | |
| Geological engineering --> space industry? | 6/30/2008 |
| Q: I'm a high school student and have an interest in earth and space sciences. What would be the ... A: Haley: I had a college classmate who is working on the Martian Lander program. He majored in ... | |
| Petroleum Geologist | 5/29/2008 |
| Q: Keith, Is there any hope for someone that only used a pencil and paper logs and was a petroleum ... A: John: I think their is hope. Where are you located? You missed an opportunity to market yourself at ... | |
| Global Warming | 5/28/2008 |
| Q: Sir, The temperature is increasing every year, What is the average temperature that can melt all ... A: Hafeez: You have been caught up in all the hysterical BS about global warming. The first thing you ... | |
| Career change | 5/27/2008 |
| Q: Back in 1994 I received an MS degree in Geology and Geophysics. I fell into environmental work ... A: I would not expect you to be hired to do that work as your hourly pay rate would be too high. ... | |
| Career change | 5/26/2008 |
| Q: Back in 1994 I received an MS degree in Geology and Geophysics. I fell into environmental work ... A: Richard: If you have good basic geophysical skills you might try selling yourself on that basis. ... | |
| geology career | 5/24/2008 |
| Q: I'm thinking about going into geology, but I don't want to violate my ethical concerns about the ... A: Maria: As lofty as your goals are, they are unrealistic. Man's existence and our standard of ... | |
| Geology | 5/19/2008 |
| Q: What kind of geology is best for me to study? I have keen intrest for this, as I reside in Africa in ... A: Lawrence: You would probably want to study engineering geology if you want to look for a job in the ... | |
| Prospects for stuctural geologists | 5/17/2008 |
| Q: I am 25 and would begin an M.Sc. Geology (Structural geology and tectonics) in August. what are the ... A: Nana: Best prospects are in the petroleum industry, but they are mostly in research. I worked with ... | |
| Geologist vs Geology Engineers | 5/14/2008 |
| Q: I have a student I am working with who is interested in Engineering but feels passionately about ... A: Joan: Geological engineers have usually found employment in the mining industry and worked with ... | |
| career change | 5/14/2008 |
| Q: right now I am an accountant for a construction company, and I'm not that satisfied. I have a B.S. ... A: Oliver: Yes you would have to get a bachelors or at the very least several years of undergraduate ... | |
| geology | 5/12/2008 |
| Q: what are the possible uses of the knowlegde of geology to a civil engineer A: Olalide: I taught a course in this in college. The engineer needs to know how to avoid geologic ... | |
| oil and gas computer software | 5/12/2008 |
| Q: I am 49 yrs old. Employed as petroleum operation geologist in India. I want to do some short but ... A: SK: Have you investigated doing some online course work? There might be some courses that can be ... | |
| Geology vs. Geological Engineering | 5/10/2008 |
| Q: I am currently attending a university that offers a BS degree in Geology as well as an ABET ... A: Jeff: Do the engineering route. Engineers have more standing in that industry than a MS Geologist. ... | |
| Career changer | 5/5/2008 |
| Q: Mr Patton, I received a BS in physical earth science in 1991 but have been working in the ... A: Robin: Most environmental companies require a masters for geologists. They do hire BS holders for ... | |
| job application | 4/29/2008 |
| Q: sir, i have completed msc in geology with 69.27% of marks in the year 2007.i am having a three month ... A: Rakesh: Go to the various oil company websites and register. You need to have a copy of your resume ... | |
| can a geochemist apply for a geologist job | 4/27/2008 |
| Q: As a geochemist would it be possible for me to apply for a job as a geologist and would i have a ... A: Michael: It depends on the minimum level of your geologic knowledge. Most positions for geologists ... | |
| opportunity to study abroad | 4/23/2008 |
| Q: sir, i have completed my graduation this year in geology. what are the colleges in u.s.a. or other ... A: There are any number of universities. You should do a search on line for Geology departments. Then ... | |
| Career for Geology(BSC)+MBA(Marketing) | 4/23/2008 |
| Q: Respected Sir, I want to persue my career in Geology as a MBA.Kindly make me aware of such ... A: Zishan: I had a friend who did the same thing. The opportunities available for him were not quite ... | |
| Mudlogging...what next? | 4/15/2008 |
| Q: I'm very happy I found this place since I'm quite confused right now. I have a degree in "Applied ... A: Ricardo: The predictions say that world oil production has peaked or is near peaking. After that ... | |
| Mudlogging...what next? | 4/12/2008 |
| Q: I'm very happy I found this place since I'm quite confused right now. I have a degree in "Applied ... A: Ricardo: Most major companies require a masters degree to move from the field to the office. Even ... | |
| Can I do MSc in Geology with Mathematics background? | 3/24/2008 |
| Q: I am going to graduate with a BA in Mathematics & Statistics in June 2008. I am looking into to ... A: Alan: You will have to speak with the Chairman of the Geological Department. I am sure there are ... | |
| relevance of geology to civil engineering | 3/24/2008 |
| Q: i whant know the relevance of geology to civil engineering in terms of planning, design, ... A: Abdirrauf: Here are some things to consider. Earth materials can be dynamic. What would happen if ... | |
| Where can i search for people thesis? | 3/19/2008 |
| Q: I was make up my mind doing my master in research. I was looking for a topic for my master thesis ... A: Edwin: I don't know of a single website that lists all theses. Your local college library would ... | |
| Coursework vs Research | 3/18/2008 |
| Q: My Bs degree is geophysics. Now i am planning to take my master after obtain 1 year plus working ... A: Edwin: I would do the research. You learn skills doing research that you can't get doing corse ... | |
| Careers in Geology | 2/22/2008 |
| Q: I am a high school student considering a career as a Geologist. The University of Calgary offers a ... A: Jas: First, go the gephysical route, that is take the minor but concentrate on geophysics on the ... | |
| future in geology | 2/7/2008 |
| Q: sir i am grad. student in geology, with a subjects physics, & comp. appplication. i want info. ... A: Saurabh: With your background, I would go into geophysics. Seismic. Geophysisists are the second ... | |
| Geology for Civil Engg | 2/1/2008 |
| Q: I have done 4 years in civil Engg from Mumbai University. I have around 1.5 yrs of experience in IT ... A: It might help you in landing a job in the software side of the petroleum industry. I have worked ... | |
| going back to geology | 1/26/2008 |
| Q: I have a BS in geology from a french speaking country and an MBA from a USA University. I have 8 ... A: No. I had a classmate who had a BS in Geology and an MBA and he thought that was the ticket. He ... | |
| need help | 1/16/2008 |
| Q: respectful sir i am new student in geology and i wan to know that which subject i should read in ... A: Sajid: It really depends on what area of geology you are most interested in. If petroleum, then I ... | |
| career | 12/14/2007 |
| Q: i m pursuig my masters i organic chemistry..i do have interestin geochemistry..what can i do to get ... A: Deepak: For geochemistry, you could probably get by with some basic courses in geology and ... | |
| recent grad | 12/4/2007 |
| Q: I am a recent graduate in Geology. I got my Bachelor's degree in May 2007. I have been looking for ... A: Brenda: First, the oil industry, and even the environmental industry generally require a masters to ... | |
| geological structures dealing with geothermics | 11/29/2007 |
| Q: how deep is an structure who's graben landshape in surface is close to 2 Km wide? A: I would think it would depend on some relationship between width of the graben and depth of the ... | |
| geology | 11/28/2007 |
| Q: I recently just applied to attend universities to get my masters in economic geology/ore deposits. ... A: Chase: It has always been my impression, that mining was pretty much passe' in the US. Most ... | |
| career path and masters | 11/27/2007 |
| Q: How can I get into a company? I will have an B.S. in Environmental Science/Geology. Currently, I am ... A: As I stated, you could look for a position as a tech. They do the sampling and are usually hourly. ... | |
| Mining vs Petro career | 11/27/2007 |
| Q: i've recently graduated with a Bsc Geology degree from Bristol, England. I've been drawn towards ... A: Andy: I can only speak from experience. You should do a search on the web for salary comparisons. ... | |
| career path and masters | 11/24/2007 |
| Q: How can I get into a company? I will have an B.S. in Environmental Science/Geology. Currently, I am ... A: Ann: The environmental company I worked for, Environmental Resources Management, required a masters ... | |
| question | 11/17/2007 |
| Q: I like to know about the jobs available for Geology students please, and I need information about ... A: There are a number of career paths. You can aim for the petroleum industry, minimum a Masters ... | |
| careers in SoCal | 11/11/2007 |
| Q: I'm a resident of Los Angeles, and I love living here. I also love geology, and I have chosen to ... A: Brad: There are a number of paths. First, yes, most of the oil industry is based outside of ... | |
| BSc in geology OR geotechnical/mining/petroleum engineering? | 11/2/2007 |
| Q: I'm a first year undergraduate student in Sydney,Australia enrolled in a Bachelor of Science. At the ... A: Arvic: There are no guarantees in mining or petroleum. The best thing is to get a masters. Most ... | |
| Internship, Grad School and Job Scenario | 10/28/2007 |
| Q: I am currently doing my UG in Geology. I am confused about the internship. I am interested in ... A: Internships don't give you credit in most cases, just job experience. It amounts to time off to ... | |
| petroleum geology master's program | 10/18/2007 |
| Q: If an oil company will only consider my master's program when hiring, should I not complete my ... A: I got mine both from the same school. It is the quality of research the school is known for and ... | |
| Underground Activity | 9/22/2007 |
| Q: I have a very curious 10 year old boy wanting to know, if no one has ever gotten past the mantel or ... A: Kaye: They don't. But, knowing the volume of the earth, and knowing the average specific gravity ... | |
| Geology Career | 9/19/2007 |
| Q: I graduated a year and a half ago with a BS in geology and minor in GIS. I currently work for a ... A: Travis: You are in a common dilemma. Most professors have never had a real job outside of academia ... | |
| job | 9/19/2007 |
| Q: sir,i have just completed my m.sc. in geology and got an offer from a banking company, but i want to ... A: Anindita: You didn't say what area you got you masters in. What it is determines what industry you ... | |
| coal & charcoal | 9/13/2007 |
| Q: what is difference between charcoal and coal? A: Coal is a naturally occurring material formed from preserved then compressed and partially ... | |
| Petroleum Geology | 7/19/2007 |
| Q: Keith, I am a Sophomore in college and I am considering a career in geology. I was planning on ... A: Brian: There are things like politics to consider. In my case and the case of the other 500,000 ... | |
| Petroleum Geology | 7/17/2007 |
| Q: Keith, I am a Sophomore in college and I am considering a career in geology. I was planning on ... A: First you need a Masters of Science. Most companies won't even interview you unless you do. ... | |
| I would like to know | 6/15/2007 |
| Q: I studied computer science at my undergraduate level but i would like to do my masters in geoscience ... A: The problem with Schlumberger is they are outsourcing most of their software development because the ... | |
| Finding employment | 6/11/2007 |
| Q: I have a felony drug charge that has been expunged off of my record. This will still have to be ... A: I an registered in Texas. What the state of California does really depends, I would suspect, on the ... | |
| Bermuda Triangle oddity? | 6/7/2007 |
| Q: I was looking in Google Earth today and around the area of Bermuda when i discovered an oddity on ... A: The ships did take quite a number of years to build but in total man years I could not say. ... | |
| No Masters Thesis | 6/7/2007 |
| Q: Do you know if there is anyway to get a masters in geology without having to do a thesis? If there ... A: Some programs offer non-thesis options. My program did. We had to do a research project instead ... | |
| Bermuda Triangle oddity? | 6/7/2007 |
| Q: I was looking in Google Earth today and around the area of Bermuda when i discovered an oddity on ... A: First if you capture the google earth coordinates or the location and send it to me I can cut and ... | |
| How long does it take to get a PHd in geology? | 5/30/2007 |
| Q: First of all i want to know how long it takes to do a Ph.D. in geology and secondly; It's my first ... A: It generally takes two years for a PhD but it depends on how long YOU take to complete your ... | |
| wher do you find the following | 5/30/2007 |
| Q: where can geologists find minerals? A: Eunice: Firstly, minerals are the building blocks of all rocks. So any rock contains minerals. ... | |
| petrography and mineralogy carees | 5/29/2007 |
| Q: I so glad to find your web site thank you I have been working for about 18 years on a research ... A: Most petrography and mineralogy careers in the US are related to research or the petroleum industry. ... | |
| Geophysics | 5/21/2007 |
| Q: are there alot of job opportunities for geophysics graduates? and are they wel-paid? what's the ... A: Geophysists are the ones in the petroleum industry that process and interpret seismic data. Yes ... | |
| geology career | 5/9/2007 |
| Q: I have finished my M.Sc geology, will i be able to work anywhere now or i'll be able to work only ... A: The minimum requirement for employment in most oil companines and environmental companies for a ... | |
| Bermuda Triangle: Methane Hydrates | 4/15/2007 |
| Q: Do you think that the methane hydrates found in the Bermuda Triangle are resposible for ... A: I don't think the methane hydrates are the cause. Most credible sources think most of the ... | |
| Geological Events | 3/13/2007 |
| Q: What would Alfred Wegener say about the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004 and Mt. Vesuvius’ recurring ... A: Janet: It is an interesting question, but it makes assumptions that are incorrect. For instance, ... | |
| career | 3/9/2007 |
| Q: I have just completed a masters in geohazard assessment (geotechnics, rock soil mechanics,seismics, ... A: Ciraran: My first impulse would be to look for consultants that do your kind of work. I worked for ... | |
| geology program | 1/20/2007 |
| Q: I am nearing the final stretch of my geology program and am wondering if it would be beneficial to ... A: Esther: If you take a minor in computer science, remote sensing or geographical information ... | |
| long term geology careers. | 12/5/2006 |
| Q: I am considering finishing my science degree in geology. I'm in Australia so its in demand at the ... A: I cannot speak about the situation for geologists with only BS degrees. Most major oil companies ... | |
| Wellsite | 12/1/2006 |
| Q: I am a third year geology student at the University of Alberta. I am very interested in wellsite ... A: Most Well Site geologists are BS holders, and do not have MS degrees. So they are pretty much ... | |
| what should i do next....! | 11/15/2006 |
| Q: i have done my bsc degree in geology.what should i do next, if i dont want to study further. i want ... A: Asad: Put together a good resume. Stress numeric results and things that you have done, in other ... | |
| a good direction? | 11/14/2006 |
| Q: I am a junior in my geology program and am beginning to doubt my major. I do not have a strong ... A: Esther: I hate math and did poorly in it, but was able to complete my masters, which by the way, is ... | |
| Geology | 11/4/2006 |
| Q: which factors are controlling the thickness of clay smear on fault? ( I mean some claystone ... A: Clay smear in lithified sediments is controlled by abrasion and secondarily by shearing of the host ... | |
| emplolyment and attractive field in geology | 11/2/2006 |
| Q: what subjects or courses in geology should i admire most in other to be marketable and useful in ... A: Franklin: Most companies require that a geologist have a Master's degree. So after you have your ... | |
| ! ! ! Extaordinary Phenomenon ! ! ! | 10/19/2006 |
| Q: "Dear Sir, Im Writing to you hoping you'd answer my question, which is about an extaordinary ... A: It is an optical illusion. I explained this to my wife just the other day. I saw just such a ... | |
| geology | 10/10/2006 |
| Q: How big would an island have to be to have a fresh water source capable of providing enough fresh ... A: Stephen: I guess it depends more on elevation than size. For instance, any surface water is the ... | |
| Certification as a Professional Landman | 10/10/2006 |
| Q: How do you obtain a certification as a professional landman? On average, how long does it take, the ... A: Jerry: A law degree would probably help a lot if you have a good background in contracts. Getting ... | |
| Colleges | 10/3/2006 |
| Q: I'm interested in three branches of geology: seismology, volcanology, and paleontology. What kind ... A: I would think the best volcanology bet would be the university of Hawaii. As for the others, ... | |
| geochemistry | 10/2/2006 |
| Q: I am from iran, and I study geochemistry at ms level. this year I must select topic for my ... A: Jamshid: Considering the booming business in the oil industry, and that Canada has the great ... | |
| inform about careers in applied geology | 9/6/2006 |
| Q: what are the prospects in applied geology if i complete my graduation in chemistry? A: PrantikBanerjee: I am not sure what you mean by applied geology. I will guess you mean actually ... | |
| Glaciers | 8/30/2006 |
| Q: I'm taking a Glaciology class at a four year university, and I'm planning on becoming a field ... A: Aside from being interesting, I don't know if it will do you much good. A good class in ... | |
| Physical Geography Bsc, not want to become a Petroleum Geoscientist | 8/16/2006 |
| Q: Kieth, similar to previous question, I have a 2:1 in (Physical) Geography BSc (specialisms = remote ... A: I agree. It can be done. To be very honest, the work you do in the Masters programme is all the ... | |
| Science | 8/9/2006 |
| Q: What is the difference between coal and charcoal? A: Jonathan: They are similar. Coal is a form of carbon made from plant matter that was buried, ... | |
| Mineralogy/ Petrology Jobs | 8/4/2006 |
| Q: Good day to you, sir. I am 15 years old, and currently, I'm anxiously awaiting for my Sophomore Year ... A: Brittany: I like you loved mineralogy and petrology. I did my teaching assistancy in that area ... | |
| Bermuda Triangle | 8/4/2006 |
| Q: Why do ships and planes disappear around the Bermuda Triangle? Anything mysterious? A: Gila: Back in the 70's a spate of books was published dealing with the Bermuda Triangle. They ... | |
| interested in geology | 7/21/2006 |
| Q: IM AARON MCCONVILLE IM ONLY 15 YEARS OLD SO IM NOT READY YET FOR A CAREER BUT ANYWAY. i AM VERY ... A: Arron: First, typing in all capitals is poor web etiquette. It is the typing version of yelling. ... | |
| studies in geology | 7/15/2006 |
| Q: i am a student in mechanical engineering.for long i thought that this was the right choice what i ... A: Look into engineering geology. It is a field that considers the engineering implications of ... | |
| Career options in geology specially for girls | 7/4/2006 |
| Q: Maharashtra,India.I want to ask about career options in geology specially for girls. Want ... A: Aditi: First, stop referring to yourself as a girl. You are a young woman. Don't put yourself in ... | |
| research in future on geology | 6/8/2006 |
| Q: I HAVE JUST PASSES 12th CLASS AND I AM TAKING BACHELOR OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN GEOLOGICAL SCIENCE.WHAT ... A: Abhik: I don't know what country you are in, but there are job opportunities in petroleum, but most ... | |
| Geology in cool places | 6/1/2006 |
| Q: I recently graduated college and am strongly considering geology as a career. Since I am still ... A: Brendon: You are graduating at a good time, the industry is booming. The latest issue of AAPG ... | |
| coal | 5/28/2006 |
| Q: what is basic difference between coke and charcoal.also differntiate between char and charcoal.how ... A: Farhadsheerin: Coke is made from coal by a process similar to making charcoal. Coal is heated in ... | |
| Interested in Geology. | 5/16/2006 |
| Q: I am about to graduate high school and i'm thinking about getting involved in geology. I've always ... A: Jeff: There is good news and bad news. First the bad news. You will have to take at least up ... | |
| Specialization in geology.... | 4/27/2006 |
| Q: i m doing bsc in geology frm ajk university muzaffarabad,azad kashmir, pakistan. i want to ask that ... A: Asad: That is a coincidence, I share an office with an Azad Khan. He is of pakistani decent but is ... | |
| Job Procpescts? | 3/15/2006 |
| Q: Patton, I currently have a BS in geology and hope to work in the petroleum industry one day, ... A: Joe: The truth is that most oil companies do only hire geologists with masters, most environmental ... | |
| earthquick | 1/16/2006 |
| Q: we are a group of geology teachers following a Professional Development course .We would be happy if ... A: Ismaiel: Earthquakes occur when movement takes place along one of three types of faults. There are ... | |
| geology job prospect in canada and usa | 12/19/2005 |
| Q: i am a geology student in ndia and i am a PR card holder of canada. i would like to go for further ... A: Yask: You best prospects are in petroleum geology. This area pays the highest salarys. Take plenty ... | |
| about sea | 11/29/2005 |
| Q: why the waves are continous in sea? A: The waves are caused by the motion of the wind across the surface of the water. If there were no ... | |
| rocks | 11/17/2005 |
| Q: Are the rocks from the sea the same from the land? Why? A: No. First, the crustal rocks under the ocean are basalt, a mafic rock. The continents are ... | |
| Career Starting Point | 11/17/2005 |
| Q: Mr. Patton, I am a student at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. I also live in Lafayette, ... A: Tiffani: Some of the major oil companys do have intern programs. Exxon does and probably Chevron. ... | |
| so could you please answer... | 11/16/2005 |
| Q: so could you please answer one more time. A: Okay, Minerals are the building blocks. Minerals are compounds and are made up of elements. Like ... | |
| rocks | 11/15/2005 |
| Q: 1)What is the hardness of soap stone? 2)What are all the types of rocks that exist? 3)How is soap ... A: Maria: This looks like homework to me. 1) Three or four 2) Igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic 3) It ... | |
| When you find a rock how do... | 11/15/2005 |
| Q: When you find a rock how do you know if it is old or new? what type of rock has mroe chances to ... A: Patricia: You can look at the weathering. You can break the rock and see what the interior looks ... | |
| minerals | 11/15/2005 |
| Q: What are some of the instruments that geologists use to find minerals? A: Patricia: Geologists use gravitometers, which detect changes in the gravity field of the Earth ... | |
| rocks | 11/15/2005 |
| Q: Is there a certain location in the ground that when you find a rock there are more chances to be ... A: Patricia: Geologists study the processes that form earth materials. Those being minerals and ... | |
| what are some of the qualities... | 11/15/2005 |
| Q: what are some of the qualities thar minerals have that replicas dont? A: Patricia: Geologists study the processes that form earth materials. Those being minerals and ... | |
| questions | 11/8/2005 |
| Q: I would like to ask you some questions: How do geologists know the place to find precious rocks? ... A: Patricia: Geologists study the processes that form earth materials. Those being minerals and ... | |
| geology pay | 10/31/2005 |
| Q: I have worked on the oil and gas drilling rigs in alberta for a few years as a motorhand. Geology ... A: Nick: Well site geologists usually work for the drilling, mud or logging company. They don't do ... | |
| minerals | 10/31/2005 |
| Q: 1. Hi, I'm interested in knowing what was the most amazing rock you have ever found? 2. Have you ... A: I found a rock in Virginia that was a breccia. This is a rock made up of other rock fragments, ... | |
| Science project | 10/31/2005 |
| Q: I'm having to do a science project so if you could answer that questions for me please. 1. What is ... A: Yuri: Serpentine supposedly formed by a meteor impact in central texas. I am not sure that the ... | |
| places | 10/31/2005 |
| Q: How do geologists know the place to find precious rocks and stones? A: Patricia Faria: During the 1800's, mineralogy and crystalography, were the cutting edge of science. ... | |
| Question | 10/31/2005 |
| Q: 1)How can I recognize a shape rock ? 2)How can I know who is the colector and what is the name of ... A: Paulina: Sounds like homework. You can recognize a rock or mineral by looking at the crystal ... | |
| geology pay | 10/29/2005 |
| Q: I have worked on the oil and gas drilling rigs in alberta for a few years as a motorhand. Geology ... A: Nick: Take the physics class. For a bachelors of science, you need to take university level ... | |
| Carrers/qualifications | 9/13/2005 |
| Q: What possible carrers are there in geology and what courses do i need to take (grades etc). Thanks! A: Suzanna: Big question. First there are a gazillion career paths in geology. From paleontology ... | |
| Geology | 9/7/2005 |
| Q: Wow, so where did you do it in 6 weeks? Is that available lots of places? Cos i'd be very happy to ... A: I went to Old Dominion University in Norfolk Virginia. I would think that lots of schools offer the ... | |
| Geology | 9/7/2005 |
| Q: thats very helpful of you! I hope you dont mind if i just ask one more quick question! If i major in ... A: You might be able to do that, but there would probably be a lot of prerequisites that you would have ... | |
| Geology | 9/6/2005 |
| Q: I am currently studying as an international student at the University of Notre Dame in Australia. I ... A: Jenny: Unfortunately, in most industries environmental and petroleum and mining you not only need a ... | |
| Programs - Geology vs. Engineering | 7/11/2005 |
| Q: Mr. Patton, Thanks, that's very helpful. I'm looking to change career paths at this point, so I ... A: I am pretty sure you would need a Bachelors in engineering not just a 2 year degree. If you look at ... | |
| Programs - Geology vs. Engineering | 7/11/2005 |
| Q: I would like to pursue a career in the resource exploration industry (ex. mineral or petroleum). Is ... A: John: Your best prospects would be in Petroleum Engineering with some geology. Mining is really ... | |
| moon | 4/13/2005 |
| Q: Why does the moon have so many phases? A: Beka: The moon's phases are due to it's position in relation to the earth and the sun. The phases ... | |
| water | 3/8/2005 |
| Q: how does our need of water affects where it comes from A: Mario: I'm not sure I understand the question. Water obviously more important than oil to our ... | |
| rocks hurt!!! | 1/13/2005 |
| Q: why are rocks hard. they hurt me people throw them at me. it hurts a lot. and when i throw a rock in ... A: Little Billy: There are several types of soft rocks, one is pumice, it is very light and would ... | |
| Geology/Geomorphology Graduate Schools | 1/1/2005 |
| Q: I have a BA in Urban & Regional Planning from the Univ. of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. I am ... A: Sara: The University of NY in Binghampton NY is geomorphology central. They host a symposium every ... | |
| Geology Education | 12/28/2004 |
| Q: What is the scope and difference of Geology and Geo Engineering. Also what is the reponsibilties of ... A: Geology is a broad career field filled with about 30 sub disciplines all of which require an ... | |
| Geology Education | 12/26/2004 |
| Q: What is the scope and difference of Geology, Geo- Technical and Geo-Engineering. Also what is the ... A: Salman: Geology is generally a professional level, most companies require a masters degree. ... | |
| ocean island fresh water | 12/18/2004 |
| Q: how can islands,surronded by salt water,havefresh water rivers flowing? Where does the fresh water ... A: Maurice: Remember the water cycle? Evaporation then condensation in the form of rain. Islands ... | |
Keith Patton
Top Expert on this page
Expertise
Career and educational options open for fledgling geoscience students. What courses you should take to prepare for the current job market.
Experience
24 years experience in Petroleum, Environmental Consulting and geological and geophysical computer software development.
Organizations
AAPG
ASPRS
Education/Credentials
MS
BS
Registered Geologist in Texas
Certified mapping scientitst in RS
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