Expert: Sal - 5/12/2007

Question
Dear Sal,

              When the early christians that were not called catholic at the time before St.Peters blessing of becoming Pope by Jesus Christ himself. Why hast the women and girls of this age in Catholicism stopped wearing viels like the Islam or the Jewish women of Jesus time? It bothers me in a way because I want to respect God in that fashion? What is wrong here? And the music that you hear like classical religious is that the correct way to worship God? In church I mean, and at home. Jesus fulfilled Mosaic law in the institution of the New and Eternal Covenant.If we are catholic doesnt that make us Irealites? A lot of our Catholic brothers and sisters don't know their own church this is why I compiled this question for the people get to know the Holy Catholic Church founded by Jesus Christ. Not knowing your own church's early Christians fathers, history, and it's bible foundation makes you a good target of the non-Catholics to brainwash you. Being a Catholic all your life or have taken Catechism for 12 years is not enough to know the church am I correct. You must know the historical and biblical foundation of the Catholic doctrines to be able to answer the proselytizer trying to convert you or question your faith even an SDA or a Agnostic even a fundemental christian, often times they pull out a bible and read you a misinterpreted bible verse to confuse you and this happens a lot to me believe me but I say oh yea you forgot that Peter is the rock of the church he is the pope and Jesus assigned him as pope sometimes they tell me that isnt true that Jesus was the Rock I am like whoa you are brainwashed in the back of my mind I know the truth Jesus is the founder of the church but assigned Peter as Pope head of the church. This is why it is very important to know the church so you will not be mislead and you will  know how to respond when someone approaches you and quote you on the bible. You will be proud once you know your church really well and may join the Evangelization off those lost Christians that are still confused and searching for the True Church there not going very far are they. Am I right on this?

My personal comment: Those liberal Catholics who want the church to embrace and accept the practice of abortion, gay marriage, women priesthood, and other liberal issues in order to fit with their lifestyle should leave the church now!!!! instead of fighting for reforms which is against the Doctrine of Faith tradition I am speaking for Jesus because he didnt want this to begin with he ordained men and Nuns are a picture of Mary the mother of God. I am sure that if there is a liberal reform, there will be a big split in the church even bigger than the reformation. Again, these liberal Catholics should LEAVE and join a church that conforms with their lifestyle like abortion (killing babies) etc.... Do you agree Sal, I am just sticking up for what is right :-D smiles) This is an almanac of history. Is this right?

1AD-36?  Life of Jesus Christ

1AD  First year in Christian calendar (a.d. = anno Domini) (see 525), Augustus  
(Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus) is emperor of Rome
6  Herod Archelaus deposed by Augustus; Samaria, Judea and Idumea annexed as province Iudaea under direct Roman administration, cap. Caesarea
6-?  Quirinius: Legate (Governor) of Syria, 1st Roman tax census of Iudaea
6-9  Coponius: Roman Prefect of Iudaea (Samaria, Judea, and Idumea)
7-26  Brief period of peace, free of revolt and bloodshed in Iudaea & Galilee
9-12?  M. Ambivius: Roman Prefect of Iudaea (Samaria, Judea, and Idumea)
12?-15  Annius Rufus: Roman Prefect of Iudaea (Samaria, Judea, and Idumea)
14-37  Tiberius I emperor of Rome, b. 42BC
25?  Assumption (Testament) of Moses, original Hebrew extant Latin (Apocrypha)
26-36  Pontius Pilate: Roman Prefect of Iudaea (Samaria, Judea, and Idumea)
27-29?  John the Baptist begins ministry (Luke 3,1-2) (15th year of Tiberius)
27-34?  Jesus baptized by John the Baptist (Mk1:4-11)
33-34?  John the Baptist arrested and killed by Herod Antipas (Luke 3,19-20)
33-36?  Jesus' ministry
36?  Jesus crucified, Friday, Nisan 14th, March 30th, [Ref: John, Unauthorized  
Version/Fox] Last Supper would have been Thursday evening. (7Apr30 &  
3Apr33 possible Fri/14/Nisan crucifixion dates)

36?-65?  Period of oral tradition in Christianity between the time of Jesus and the time  
the first gospel (Mark) is written, original Christians disperse throughout  
Judea and Samaria (Acts 8,1ff), Peter leads the new Christian Church,  
moves the Church headquarters to Rome

36?-67  Period Peter leads the new Christian Church, moves the church headquarters  
from Jerusalem to Rome
36?-37  Paul of Tarsus has Stephen martyred and the Jerusalem church destroyed  
37  Paul of Tarsus is converted (Acts 9)
37-41  Gaius Caligula emperor of Rome, declared himself god
37-41?  Marullus: Roman Prefect of Iudaea (Samaria, Judea, and Idumea)
40  Paul goes to Jerusalem to consult with Peter (Gal 1, 18-20)
41-54  Claudius emperor of Rome, killed by poisoning by his wife Agrippina
44  James, brother of John, executed by Herod Agrippa I (Acts 12, 1-3)
47-48  Paul and Barnabas on Cyprus (Acts 13, 4-12)
48-49  Council of Jerusalem, 1st Christian Council, doctrine regarding circumcision  
and dietary law is agreed to by apostles and presbyters, written in a letter  
addressed to "the brothers of Gentile origin in Antioch, Syria, and Cilicia"  
(Acts 15)
48-57?  Paul writes Galations
49-50  Paul in Corinth (Acts 18)
50?  Peshitta translation begun, Hebrew OT->Syriac Aramaic, (Greek NT in 400)
50?  Ascension of Isaiah, original written in Hebrew (Ethiopic Bible)
51-52  Paul writes 1 Thes
51-52  Paul writes 2 Thes
53-62  Paul writes Phil
54-68  Nero emperor of Rome
56  Paul writes 1 Corin
57  Paul writes Romans
57  Paul writes 2 Corin
57  Paul's last visit to Jerusalem [Acts21]
58  Paul arrested, imprisoned in Caesarea [Acts25:4]
59  Nero kills his mother, Agrippina
60  Paul imprisoned in Rome (Acts 28,16)
61-63?  Paul? writes Ephesians
61-63  Paul writes Philemon
61-63  Paul writes Colossians
61-63?  Paul? writes 1,2 Timothy, Titus, known as "pastoral epistles"  
62?  James written by leader of Jerusalem community? (Gal 2,9?), "catholic"  
epistle
62  Paul martyred for treason in Rome
62  {Being therefore this kind of person [i.e., a heartless Sadducee], Ananus,  
thinking that he had a favorable opportunity because Festus had died and  
Albinus was still on his way, called a meeting [literally, "sanhedrin"] of  
judges and brought into it the brother of Jesus-who-is-called-Messiah,  
James by name, and some others. He made the accusation that they had  
transgressed the law, and he handed them over to be stoned.}  
[JA20.9.1,Marginal Jew,p.57]
62  Nero kills his wife Octavia and marries Poppaea Sabina
64  Great fire of Rome, started by Nero and blamed on Christians, {Therefore to  
squelch the rumor , Nero  
created scapegoats and subjected to the most refined tortures those whom  
the common people called "Christians," [a group] hated for their abominable  
crimes. Their name comes from Christ, who, during the reign of Tiberius, had  
been executed by the procurator Pontius Pilate. Suppressed for the moment,  
the deadly superstition broke out again, not only in Judea, the land which  
originated this evil, but also in the city of Rome, where all sorts of  
horrendous and shameful practices from every part of the world converge  
and are fervently cultivated.} [Tacitus Annals 15.44;Marginal  
Jew;Meier;p.89-90]
64-95?  1 Peter written in Rome, by Peter the apostle?, "catholic" epistle

65-125  Period in which 4 Gospels, Acts, Revelations, and remaining epistles written  
- Peter martyred before 1st Holy Gospel is written, 7 Popes before last  
epistle is completed

65?  Q written, (German:Quelle, meaning "source") a hypothetical Greek text used  
in writing of Matthew and Luke
65-150  Didache: Instructions of the Apostles written
65-150  Dialogue of the Savior, Gospel of Peter  
65-150  Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 1224 fragments: pub. 1914
65-150  Gospel of Thomas written, based on Q?, pub. 1959, Greek originals: Papyrus  
Ox. 1,654-5
65-175  Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 840 fragments: pub. 1908
65-175  Papyrus Egerton 2 (Unknown Gospel) fragments: pub. 1935/87, in Greek  
from Palestine, one of the oldest extant Christian texts (~175)
65-250  Papyrus Fayum (P. Vindob. G. 2325) fragments: pub. 1887
65-350  "Jewish-Christian Gospels": 7 fragments of Gospel of the Ebionites and 7  
fragments of Gospel of the Hebrews in Greek; 36 fragments of Gospel of the  
Nazarenes in Aramaic; [Ref: NT Apocrypha, W. Schneemelcher, vol. 1]
66-70  Roman-Jewish War: final destruction of Second Temple (Herod's Temple)
67  Peter martyred, crucified upside down in Rome
67-78  Pope Linus, 2nd Pope, succeeds Peter (Linus mentioned in 2 Tm 4,21)
67  General Vespasian of Rome conquers Galilee
68  Nero commits suicide, resurrects as "Nero redivivus", Rev's 666? (see 81)
68  Galba emperor of Rome (6/68-1/69)
68  Qumran (Essenes?) community destroyed by Rome, site of Dead Sea Scrolls  
found in 1949  
69  Otho emperor of Rome (1/69-4/69)
69  Vitellius emperor of Rome (6/69-12/69)
69  Flavian Dynasty of Rome (Vespian, Titus, Domitian)
69-79  Vespian emperor of Rome, quells unrest in Rome and Jerusalem
70  Collapse of Jewish self-government in Judea and destruction of the Temple in  
Jerusalem
70  Gospel according to Mark written in Rome, by Peter's interpreter? (1 Peter  
5,13), original ending apparently lost, endings added c 400
70?  "Signs Gospel" written, hypothetical Greek text used in Gospel of John to  
prove Jesus is the Messiah
70-640  Sanhedrin (High Court) period of Judaism, rise of house of Hillel
75-90  Gospel according to Luke written, based on Mark and Q
75-90  Acts of the Apostles written, same author as Gospel according to Luke
79-81  Titus emperor of Rome, eldest son of Vespasian
79-91  Pope Anacletus, 3rd Pope, known as "blameless" (as in Titus 1,7?)
79  Mt Vesuvius, volcano overlooking Naples Bay, erupts, engulfs Pompeii
80-85  Gospel according to Matthew written, based on Mark and Q, most popular in  
early Church
81-96  Domitian emperor of Rome, son of Vespasian, "Nero redivivus?" (see 68)
81-96  Revelations written, by John (son of Zebedee) and/or a disciple of his
90-100  1 John written, by author(s) of 4th gospel, "catholic" epistle
90-100  2,3 John written, by "elder", disciple of John (son of Zebedee)?, "catholic"  
epistle
90-100  Gospel according to John written, by John (son of Zebedee) and others, only  
eyewitness to Jesus?, disciple Jesus loved?, Gnostic?
90?  Josephus claims exactly 22 Jewish (OT) books: 5 Law, 13 History, 4 Hymns
91-101  Pope Clement I, 4th Pope, (mentioned in Phil 4,3), wrote letter to Corinth in  
95 called "1 Clement"
94  "Jewish Antiquities", by Josephus in Aramaic, trans. to Grk., Testimonium  
Flavianum: {At this time there appeared Jesus, a wise man. For he was a  
doer of startling deeds, a teacher of people who receive the truth with  
pleasure. And he gained a following both among many Jews and among many  
of Greek origin. And when Pilate, because of an accusation made by the  
leading men among us, condemned him to the cross, those who had loved him  
previously did not cease to do so. And up until this very day the tribe of  
Christians (named after him) has not died out.} [JA18.3.3 Meier redaction,  
Marginal Jew, p.61]
96?  Hebrews written, by ?
96-98  Nerva emperor of Rome
98-116  Trajan emperor of Rome, Roman empire reaches maximum size
100?  Odes of Solomon, written in Greek or Syriac, ref by John? (Apocrypha)
100?  Epistle of Barnabas, Christian exegesis of LXX (AF = Apostolic Fathers)
100?  2 Clement, an old sermon but not by Clement (AF = Apostolic Fathers)
100?  2 Esdras (Vg:4 Esdras), Hebrew?, claims 24 OT books (Vulgate & Peshitta)
100?  Apocalypse of Baruch (2 Baruch:Syriac, 3 Baruch:Greek) (Peshitta)
100?  Paralipomena of Jeremiah (4 Baruch), written in Hebrew (Ethiopic Bible)
100?  Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs, Aramaic and Hebrew fragments found  
at Qumran Caves 1,4 (Armenian Bible)
100?  Jude written, probably by doubting relative of Jesus (Mark 6,3), rejected by  
some early Christians due to its reference to apocryphal Book of Enoch  
(v14), "catholic" epistle
100-125?  2 Peter written, by ?, not accepted into canon until early 400s, drew upon  
Epistle of Jude, "catholic" epistle
100-150  Secret Book (Apocryphon) of James, Gospel of Mary Magdalene, Infancy  
Gospels of Thomas and James, Secret Gospel (of Mark) (Complete Gospels)
101-109  Pope Evaristus, 5th Pope
109-116  Pope Alexander, 6th Pope
110?  Letter of Polycarp to the Philippians, written by Polycarp (160) (AF)
110?  "Letters of Ignatius", bishop of Antioch, martyred in Rome, his letters were  
subjected to heavy Christian forgery esp. 4th cent. (Apostolic Fathers)
116-125  Pope Sixtus I, 7th Pope
117-138  Hadrian emperor of Rome, builds wall across Britain

125-350  Period of Christianity during which the first Bible was assembled - Christians  
are fiercely persecuted and then finally tolerated by the Roman Empire, Great  
Plague in Rome

125-136  Pope Telesphorus, 8th Pope, martyred
125?  Papyrus 52: oldest extant NT fragment, p.1935, parts of Jn18:31-33,37-38
125?  Shepherd of Hermas, written in Rome (AF = Apostolic Fathers)
130-200  "Christian Apologists" writings against Roman Paganism by: Justin Martyr  
(165), Athenagoras (180?), Aristides (145?), Theophilus of Antioch (185?),  
Tatian (170), Quadratus (130?), Melito of Sardis (180?), Apollinaris of  
Hierapolis (180?), also Epistle to Diognetus in Apostolic Fathers
130?  "Gospel of Basilides", a 24 book commentary?, lost
130?  Papias, bishop of Hierapolis in Asia Minor, wrote: "Expositions of the Sayings  
of the Lord", lost, widely quoted, see Eusebius (340) (AF)
130?  Aquila of Pontus, Roman convert to Christianity then to Judaism, student of  
Rabban Gamaliel, compiled literal Greek OT translation in Jabneh (Jamnia)
132-135  Bar Kokhba Revolt: final Jewish revolt, Judea and Jerusalem erased from  
maps, all of southern Syria renamed Palestine (coined by Herodotus)
138-161  Antoninus Pius emperor of Rome
138-142  Pope Hyginus, 9th Pope
140  Letters of Marcion, produces his own canon without OT and using only a  
heavily edited Luke + 10 Pauline Epistles, cites "Western" Gospel text-type
140?  Apocalypse of Peter, written in Greek [NT Apocrypha,Schneemelcher,v.2]
142-155  Pope Pius I, 10th Pope
150?  Gospel of the Egyptians, Coptic translation of orig. Greek (Nag Hammadi)
150?  "Western Revisor" adds/subtracts from original Acts to produce "Western"  
version which is 10% larger and found in Papyrus P29,38,48 and Codex  
Bezae (D)
150?  Papyrus Chester Beatty 6: R963, Greek Num 5:12-36:13, Deut 1:20-34:12
155-166  Pope Anicetus, 11th Pope
160?  Polycarp, bishop of Smyrna, martyred at age 86: "Let. to Philip." (110)
160?  Martyrdom of Polycarp, in Greek (Apostolic Fathers, ISBN:0-8010-5676-4)
161-180  Marcus Aurelius emperor of Rome
164-180  Great Plague in Roman Empire
166-174  Pope Soter, 12th Pope, moved Easter from Nisan 14 to following Sunday
170  Letters of Irenaeus, bishop of Lyons, cites "Western" Gospel text-type
170  Christian council on Montanist sect in Asia Minor
170  Letters of Dionysius, bishop of Corinth, claims Christians were changing and  
faking his own letters just as [he knew] they had changed the Gospels
170  Tatian produces "Diatessaron" (Harmony) by blending 4 "Western" text-type  
Gospels into 1
170?  Symmachus, an Ebionite, writes an entirely new Greek OT translation
174-189  Pope Eleutherius, 13th Pope
175?  Acts of Paul (inc. 3 Cor.), in Greek [NT Apocrypha,Schneemelcher,v.2]
180-192  Commodus emperor of Rome
185-350  Canon Muratorian, 1st extant for NT?, written in Rome by Hippolytus?,  
excludes Hebrews, James, 1-2 Peter, 3 John; includes Wisdom of Solomon,  
Apocalypse of Peter
189-198  Pope Victor I, 1st Latin Pope, 14th Pope, excommunicated Eastern churches  
that continued to observe Easter on Nisan 14 "Quartodeciman", (see 166,  
190)
190  Christian council to determine "official" date of Easter
193-211  Septimius Severus emperor of Rome
197  Writings of Apollonius, uses the term "catholic" in reference to 1 John
198-217  Pope Zephyrinus, 15th Pope
200  Bishop of Antioch notes Gospel of Peter (see 65?) being used in Cilicia
200?  Papyrus 66: 2nd Bodmer, John, 1956, "Alexandrian/Western" text-types:  
Jn 1:1-6:11,35-7:52;8:12-14:26,29-30;15:2-26;16:2-4,6-7,10-
20:20,22-23,25-21:9
200?  Papyrus 75: Bodmer 14-15, Luke & John, earliest extant Luke, ~Vaticanus;  
Lk3:18-22,33-4:2,34-5:10,37-6:4,10-7:32,35-39,41-43,46-9:2,4-
17:15,19-18:18; 22:4-24:53; Jn1:1-7:52;8:12-11:45,48-57;12:3-
13:1,8-9;14:8-30;15:7-8
200?  Papyrus 46: 2nd Chester Beatty, "Alexandrian" text-type: Rm5:17-6:3,5-
14;8:15-25,27-35,37-9:32;10:1-11:22,24-33,35-15:9,11-16:27;Hb1:1-
9:16,18-10:20,22-30,32-13:25;1Cr1:1-9:2,4-14:14,16-15:15,17-
16:22;2Cr1:1-11:10,12-21,23-13:13;Ep1:1-2:7,10-5:6,8-6:6,8,20-
24;Gl1:1-8,10-2:9,12-21;3:2-29;4:2-18,20-5:17,20-6:8,10-
18;Ph1:1,5-15,17-28,30-2:12,14-27,29-3:8,10-21;4:2-12,14-
23;Cl1:1-2,5-13,16-24,27-2:19,23-3:11,13-24;4:3-12,16-
18;1Th1:1,9-2:3;5:5-9,23-28
200?  Papyrus 32: J. Rylands Library: Titus 1:11-15;2:3-8
200?  Papyrus 64 (+67): Mt3:9,15;5:20-22,25-28;26:7-8,10,14-15,22-23,31-
33
200?  Old Syriac (Aramaic) Gospels, Syr(s) & Syr(c), of "Western" text-type
200?  Latin Bible translations begun in Carthage?, originals no longer extant
200?  Sahidic Coptic cop(sa) Bible translations written in Alexendria
212-217  Geta then Caracalla emperors of Rome
217-236  Anti-Pope Hippolytus, bishop of Rome, "Logos" sect, 1st Anti-Pope  
(illegitimate claimants of or pretenders to the papal throne)
217-222  Pope Callistus I, 16th Pope
218-222  Heliogabalus emperor of Rome
220  Goths invade Asia Minor and Balkans
220?  Clement of Alexandria, b.150?, bishop, cites "Alexandrian" NT text-type &  
Secret Gospel of Mark & Gospel of the Egyptians; wrote: "Exhortations to the  
Greeks";"Rich Man's Salutation";"To the Newly Baptized"; (Loeb Classics)
222-230  Pope Urban I, 17th Pope
222-235  Alexandar Severus emperor of Rome
223?  Tertullian, wr: "de Spectaculis" (Latin): v30.6 cites rumor Jesus son of  
prostitute, coined "New Testament", cites "Western" Gospel text-type (Loeb)
225?  Papyrus 45: 1st Chester Beatty, Gospels (Caesarean), Acts (Alexandrian):  
Mt20:24-32;21:13-19;25:41-26:39; Mk4:36-40;5:15-26,38-6:3,16-
25,36-50;7:3-15 ,25-8:1,10-26,34-9:9,18-31;11:27-12:1,5-8,13-
19,24-28; Lk6:31-41,45-7:7;9:26 -41,45-10:1,6-22,26-11:1,6-25,28-
46,50-12:12,18-37,42-13:1,6-24,29-14:10,17-33; Jn10:7-25,30-
11:10,18-36,42-57; Ac4:27-36;5:10-21,30-39;6:7-7:2,10-21,32-
41,52-8:1,14-25,34-9:6,16-27,35-10:2,10-23,31-41;11:2-14,24-
12:5,13-22;13:6-16,25-36,46-14:3,15-23;15:2-7,19-27,38-16:4,15-
21,32-40;17:9-17
225?  Papyrus 967: Chester Beatty 9, Greek Ezekiel 11:25-end, ~Codex Vaticanus
230-236  Pope Pontian, 18th Pope
230-250  Christian council of Rome, Demetrius bishop of Alex. condemns Origen who in  
248 cited a rumor recorded by Celsus that "Jesus fabricated the account of  
his birth from a virgin. In reality, Jesus' mother was driven out by the  
carpenter husband to whom she was betrothed because she had committed  
adultery with a [Roman] soldier named Panthera [thus the ben Pantere of  
Jewish sources]. Left poor and homeless, she gave birth to Jesus in secret.  
Jesus later spent time in Egypt, where he hired himself out as a laborer,  
learned magic, and so came to claim the title of God." [CC1.28-32, Marginal  
Jew, Meier, p. 223]
236-238  Maximus emperor of Rome, ends Christian schism in Rome by deporting Pope  
Pontian and anti-Pope Hippolytus to Sardinia where they soon die
236-237  Pope Anterus, 19th Pope
237-250  Pope Fabian, 20th Pope
238-244  Gordian I, II, Balbinus, Pupienus, Gordian III emperors of Rome
240-250  Christian council of Carthage
244-249  Philip the Arabian emperor of Rome
249-251  Decius emperor of Rome
249  Rome celebrates 1000th anniversary
250  Rome steps up persecution of Christians, martyrs revered as saints
250  Letters of Methodius, Pistis Sophia, Porphyry Tyrius; church fathers
250?  Mandeans (followers of John the Baptist) begin compilation of "Ginza"
250?  Papyrus 72: Bodmer 5-11+, pub. 1959, "Alexandrian" text-type: Nativity of  
Mary; 3Cor; Odes of Solomon 11; Jude 1-25; Melito's Homily on Passover;  
Hymn fragment; Apology of Phileas; Ps33,34; 1Pt1:1-5:14; 2Pt1:1-3:18;
250?  Papyrus Chester Beatty: #5:R962: Gn8:13-9:2,24:13-46:33,Enoch91-105;  
#7: I8:18-19:13,38:14-45:5,54:1=60:22; #8: Jr4:30-5:24; #10: Dn1-
12:13(+Add),Bel4-39,Sus5-end,Esther1:1a-8:6(+Add)
251-253  Gallus emperor of Rome
251-253  Pope Cornelius, 21st Pope
251-258  Anti-Pope Novatian, decreed no forgiveness for sins after baptism
253-260  Valerian emperor of Rome, executes all Bishops, Priests, and Deacons
253-254  Pope Lucius I, 22nd Pope
254  Letters of Origen, Jesus and God one substance, adopted at Council of Nicaea  
in 325, compiled "Hexapla": 6 versions of LXX side by side: Hebrew, Hebrew  
transliterated in Greek, Aquila's Greek trans., Symmachus' Greek trans.,  
Origen's revised LXX Greek trans., Theodotion's revised LXX; also  
Quinta/Sexta/Septima trans., Tetragrammaton in square Hebrew script;  
cites "Alexandrian" & "Caesarean" NT text-types; Eusebius claimed Origen  
castrated himself for Christ due to Mt19:12 [EH6.8.1-3]
254-257  Pope Steven I, 23rd Pope, major schism over rebaptizing heretics and  
apostates
257-258  Pope Sixtus II, 24th Pope, martyred
257  Visigoths and Ostrogoths invade Black Sea area, Franks invade Spain
258  Letters of Cyprian, Bishop of Carthage, cites "Western" NT text-type, claims  
Christians are freely forging his letters to discredit him
260-268  Gallienus emperor of Rome, reverses Valerian, restores Roman Church
260-268  Pope Dionysius, 25th Pope, rebuilds Roman Church after Valerian's massacre
264-268  Christian council on Paul of Samosata, Bishop of Antioch, founder of  
Adoptionism (Jesus was human until Holy Spirit descended at his baptism)
264?  Letters of Dionysius, bishop of Alexandria, b.190?
268  Goths sack Athens, Sparta, Corinth
268-270  Claudius II emperor of Rome
269-274  Pope Felix I, 26th Pope
270-275  Aurelian emperor of Rome
275-283  Pope Eutychian, 27th Pope, decreed that only beans and grapes be blessed at  
Mass
275?  Papyrus 47: 3rd Chester Beatty, ~Sinaiticus, Rv9:10-11:3,5-16:15,17-
17:2
276-282  Marcus Aurelius Probus emperor of Rome
276  Mani, b.215, crucified, founder of Manichaean Christian sect in Persia
283-296  Pope Gaius, 28th Pope
284-305  Diocletian emperor of Rome, notorius persecuter of Christians
285  Roman empire partitioned into Western and Eastern empires
290-345  St Pachomius establishes 1st monastery in Egypt
296-304  Pope Marcellinus, 29th Pope, apostate, offered pagan sacrifices for  
Diocletian
300?  Bohairic Coptic cop(bo) Bible translations written in Alexandria
300?  Hesychius of Alex., martyr, translates Hebrew OT to Greek, lost [Jerome]
300?  Papyrus Berlin Codex of Greek Genesis; Papyrus Bodmer 24 of Greek Psalms;  
Codex Freer of Greek Minor Prophets; all published in 1927
300?  other 3rd century NT witnesses: P1:Mt1:1-9,12,14-20 P4:Lk1:58-59,62-
2:1, 6-7;3:8-4:2,29-32,34-35;5:3-8,30-6:16 P5:Jn1:23-31,33-
40;16:14-30;20:11-17, 19-20,22-25 P9:1Jn4:11-12,14-17 P12:Hb1:1  
P15:1Cr7:18-8:4 P20:Jm2:19-3:9 P22:Jn15:25-16:2,21-32  
P23:Jm1:10-12,15-18 P27:Rm8:12-22,24-27,33-9:3,5-9 P28:Jn6:8-
12,17-22 P29:Ac26:7-8,20 P30:1Th4:12-13,16-17;5:3,8-10,12-18,25-
28;2Th1:1-2 P38:Ac18:27-19:6,12-16 P39:Jn8:14-22 P40:Rm1:24-
27,31-2:3;3:21-4:8;6:4-5:16;9:16-17:27 P48:Ac23:11-17,23-29  
P49:Ep4:16-29,31-5:13 P53:Mt26:29-40;Ac9:33-10:1 P65:1Th1:3-
2:1,6-13 P69:Lk22:41,45-48,58-61 P70:Mt2:13-16,22-3:1;11:26-
27;12:4-5;24:3-6,12-15 P80:Jn3:34 P87:Pm13-15,24-25  
#0171:Mt10:17-23,25-32;Lk22:44-56,61-64 #0189:Ac5:3-21  
#0220:Rm4:23-5:3,8-13 #0212(Diatessaron):Mt27:56-57;Mk15:40-
42;Lk23:49-51,54;Jn19:38
303-311  Last persecution of Christians in Rome
304  Letters of Victor, bishop of Pettau
306-337  Emperor Constantine the Great, convert to Christianity
306-312  Maxentius emperor of Western Roman Empire
306-308  Pope Marcellus I, 30th Pope, tried removing prior Pope Marcellinus from  
official records for apostasy, exiled from Rome by Maxentius for disturbing  
the peace
310  Pope Eusebius, 31st Pope, deported to Sicily with anti-Pope Heraclius by  
Maxentius
311-314  Pope Miltiades, 32nd Pope, Constantine gives Fausta's palace as papal  
residence
312  Lucian, founded Exegetical School of Antioch, martyred
312  Constantine defeats Maxentius at Milvian Bridge, reunites Roman Empire
313  Edict of Milan, Constantine establishes toleration of Christianity
313  Miltiades excommunicates Donatus for requiring rebaptism of apostates
314-335  Pope Silvester I, 33rd Pope
314  Council of Arles, called by Constantine against Donatist (Donatus) schism
317  Letters of Lactantius, early Christian church father
321  Constantine decrees Sunday as offical Roman-Christian day of rest
325  Council of Nicaea, called by Constantine against Arianism (336), called 1st  
great Christian council by Jerome, 1st ecumenical, 318 bishops attend,  
Nicaean Creed
325?  Fayyumic Coptic cop(mf) translation fragment of John 6:11-15:11
330  Old Saint Peter's Basilica dedicated by Constantine, located over the  
traditional burial site of Saint Peter the Apostle in Rome on Vatican Hill  
331  Seat of Roman Empire moved to Constantinople (formally Byzantium)
336-337  Pope Mark, 34th Pope
336  Arius, Greek theologian - Arianism (Jesus was a created being)
337-350  Roman empire splits again, Constans emperor of West until 350
337-361  Roman empire splits again, Constantius emperor of East until 361
337-352  Pope Julius I, 35th Pope
338  Jewish calendar modified with different year lengths to correct to Solar
340?  Eusebius of Caesarea (260-340), theologian & church historian, cites  
"Caesarean" NT text-type, wrote: "Ecclesiastical History" (EH); Loeb  
Classics: 2 volumes {Papias, bishop of Hierapolis (130?), claims that John  
the Elder, a disciple of Jesus, told him that Mark "was the interpreter of  
Peter and wrote down carefully what he remembered of what had been said  
or done by the Lord, but not in the right order." Also claims that "Matthew  
composed the sayings in Hebrew [more likely Aramaic] and each one  
translated them as he could."} [Ref: EH3.39.15, Unauthorized Version, Fox,  
p.126-127] Eusebius' NT Canon: Recognized Books: 4 Holy Gospels, Acts, 14  
Pauline Epistles, 1Jn, 1Pt; Disputed Books: Rev, James, Jude, 2Pt, 2-3Jn,  
Acts of Paul, Hermas, Apocalypse of Peter, Barnabas, Didache, Gospel of the  
Hebrews; Rejected Books: Gospels of Peter, Thomas, Matthias, Acts of  
Andrew, John ... [EH3.25], used the term "catholic" to refer to all seven  
epistles - James; 1,2,3 John; 1,2 Peter; Jude

350-400  Period of time between the 1st Christian Bible and the 1st Western Christian  
Bible, during which the books contained in Bibles varied
 
350  Letters of Adamantius, Firmicus Maternus; early Christian church fathers
350?  Codex Sinaiticus (S or ): earliest Christian Bible, (LXX - 2-
3Maccabees - Psalms of Solomon - Ps151 + 27NT + Barnabas + Hermas),  
missing Hermas31.7-end; of "Alexandrian" text-type: most accurate text-
type
350?  Codex Vaticanus (B): earliest Christian Bible (LXX - 1-4Maccabees - Psalms  
of Solomon - Ps151 + 27NT), missing Gn1-46:28, Ps105:27-137:6, 1Tm-
Phm, Heb9:14-end; of "Alexandrian" text-type: most accurate text-type
350?  Papyrus Antinoopolis of Book of Proverbs in Greek, published in 1950
350?  Papyrus Chester Beatty: #4:R961: Greek Gn9:1-44:22; #11: Greek  
Sir36:28- 37:22,46:6-47:2; #12: Greek Enoch93:12-13,94:7-8,97:6-
104:13,106:1-107:3
350?  Papyrus Bodmer 45-46: Greek Susanna, Daniel 1:1-20 (Theodotion's LXX)
350?  Canon Cheltenham: 24NT books (excludes James, Jude, Hebrews)
350?  Akhmimic cop(ac) & Sub-Akhmimic cop(ac2) Coptic translations of John
350?  Ulfilas, apostle to the Goths (Germans), translates Greek NT to Gothic
352-366  Pope Liberius, 36th Pope
354-430  St. Augustine, Latin Bishop considered the founder of formalized Christian  
theology, church father
355-365  Anti-Pope Felix II, Arianism (336), supported by Constantius II
360  Huns invade Europe, scrolls begin to be replaced by books (Codex)
361-363  Julian the Apostate emperor of East, attempts to revive Paganism
363  Council of Laodicea names 26 NT books (excludes Revelations)
363  Letters of Marius Victorinus, Acacius of Caesarea; early church fathers
364  Council of Laodicea decrees death for Christians who keep 7th day Sabbath
366-384  Pope Damasus I, 37th Pope, hired thugs to massacre rival Ursinians  
(Liberians)
366-367  Anti-Pope Ursinus, leader of supporters of former Pope Liberius
367  Athanasias, bishop of Alexandria, first citing of modern 27 NT canon
367  Letters of Hilary of Poitiers, Lucifer of Calaris; early church fathers
367  Athanasius, d.373, bishop of Alexandria, first cite of modern 27NT canon
370  Epiphanius, bishop of Salamis, Cyprus; cites 27NT + Wisdom of Solomon
370  Doctrine of Addai at Edessa proclaims 17 book NT canon using Diatessaron  
(instead of the 4 Gospels) + Acts + 15 Pauline Epistles (inc. 3 Corinthians)
373  Letters of Ephraem Syrus, cites "Western" Acts text-type
378  Letters of Titus of Bostra, Ambrosiaster, Priscillian; church fathers
379-395  Theodosius the Great, last emperor of the united empire
380  Feb 27, Christianity declared official state religion by Theodosius
381  Council of Theodosius at Constantinople, 2nd ecumenical, Jesus had true  
human soul
382-384  Pope Damasus I has Jerome revise and unify Latin Bibles
383  Roman legions begin to evacuate Britain
384  Jerome presents Pope Damasus I with new Latin Gospels, originals lost
384-399  Pope Siricius, 38th Pope, criticized Jerome
390  Apollinaris of Laodicea, Jesus had human body but divine spirit
390  Letters of Tyconius, Gregory of Nyssa, Didymus of Alex.; church fathers
391?  Ammianus Marcellinus, b.330, Christian historian, wrote: "Res gestae"
393,397  Augustine's Councils, cites exactly 27 NT books (see 354)
395  Theodosius prohibits practice of Pagan rituals including Olympic Games
395  Ausonius, b.310?, Christian governor of Gaul; Loeb Classics 2v (Latin)
396  Alaric, king of the Visigoths, plunders Athens
397  Ambrose, b.333?, bishop & governor of Milan, wrote: "de Fide" ...
399-401  Pope Anastasius I, 39th Pope

400-484  Era between 1st Western Christian Bible and the Great Schism - Christian  
doctrine is formed, Roman empire ends

400?  Vulgate Bible, by Jerome?, (340?-420) originals lost, Vulgate Latin text  
becomes standard Western Christian Bible
400?  Jerome cites "expanded" ending in Mark after Mark 16,14
400?  Jerome adds Pericope of the Adultress (John 7,53-8,11)
400?  Codex Vercellensis it(a): Latin Gospels, of "European" text-type
400?  Peshitta Bible, Syriac (Aramaic) Vulgate, Syr(p), OT + 22 NT, excludes:  
2Pt, 2-3Jn, Jude, Rev; Peshitta becomes standard Syrian Christian Bible
400?  Codex Bobiensis it(k): ~half of Mt/Mk in Latin, "African" (Carthage) text-
type, has "shorter" ending of Mark after Mk16:8
401-417  Pope Innocent I, 40th Pope, decreed Roman custom the norm for Christianity
401  Visigoths invade Italy
403  Letters of Epiphanius of Constantia, John Chrysostom; church fathers
410  Visigoths sack Rome under king Alaric
414  Letters of Nicetas of Remesiana, Orosius; early Christian church fathers
415  Bishop Cyril of Alex. (444) expels Jews, kills Hypatia with oyster shells
416  Visigoths take Spain
417-418  Pope Zosimus, 41st Pope
418-422  Pope Boniface I, 42nd Pope
418-419  Anti-Pope Eulalius
418  Franks take Gaul
420  St. Jerome, (S.E. Hieronymus), b.340?, Latin scholar; (Loeb Classics)
422-432  Pope Celestine I, 43rd Pope
423  Theodoret, bishop of Cyrrhus, notes Tatian's Harmony (170) in heavy use
431  Council of Ephesus, 3rd ecumenical, decreed Mary the Mother of God
429  Picts and Scots expelled from southern England by Anglo-Saxon-Jutes
430  St. Augustine, b.354, origin of "Original Sin," church father & philosopher,  
wrote: "The City of God", "Confessions"; Loeb Classics 10 v. (Latin)
430  Letters of Marcus Eremita, Nilus of Ancyra; Christian church fathers
431  Syrian Christianity splits into East (Nestorian-disagreed with Council of  
Ephesus) and West (Jacobites)
432  St Patrick begins mission in Ireland
432-440  Pope Sixtus III, 44th Pope
433-453  Attila the Hun, "Scourge of the Gods"
440-461  Pope Leo I, 45th Pope
444  Letters of Cyril of Alexandria, Arnobius the Younger; church fathers
450  Mark's Resurrection of Jesus added to Bible (Mark 16, 9-20)
450?  Codex Alexandrinus (A): (LXX - 1-2Maccabees + 14_Church_Odes + 27NT +  
1-2Clement), missing 1K12:17-14:9, Ps49:20-79:11, Psalms of Solomon,  
Mt1-25:6, Jn6:50-8:52, 2Cr4:13-12:6, 1Clement57.7-63.4,  
2Clement12.5b-end; of "Alexandrian" text-type: most accurate text-type
450?  Codex Bezae (D): Greek/Latin Gospels + Acts; Codex Washingtonianus (W):  
Greek Gospels; both of "Western" text-type: "fondness for paraphrase"
450?  Codex Ephraemi Syri rescriptus (C): Greek LXX + 27NT, many gaps
450?  Codex Marchalianus (Q): Greek LXX + Luke + John, many gaps
450?  Codex Ambrosianus (F): Greek Genesis to Joshua
450?  Codex Freer: Greek Deuteronomy and Joshua
450?  Codex Colberto-Sarravianus: Origen's Greek Hexapla LXX of Gen-Judg
450?  Codex Palatinus it(e): Latin Gospels, "African" (Carthage) text-type
450?  Codex Veronensis it(b): Latin Gospels, "European/Vulgate" text-type
450?  Syr(pal), Palestinian Syriac (Aramaic) Gospels, of "Caesarean" text-type
450?  std. Aramaic Targums, T. Onkelos of Torah, T. Jonathan of Prophets
451  Council of Chalcedon, 4th ecumenical, declared Jesus is 2 natures, both  
human and divine in one, a compromise solution of Jesus god/man schisms
451  Nestorius of Constantinople, Nestorians: Mary was *not* "Mother of God"
451  Letters of Hesychius, Quodvultdeus; early Christian church fathers
454  Eutyches of Constantinople, Monophysites: Jesus was divine but not human
455  Vandals sack Rome
457-474  Pope Leo I, 46th Pope, becomes emperor of remaining (eastern) Roman  
empire
461-468  Pope Hilarus, 47th Pope
463  Letters of Prosper of Aquitaine, early Christian church father
466  Letters of Shenute of Atripe, Theodoret of Cyrrhus; early church fathers
468-483  Pope Simplicius, 48th Pope
474-491  Zeno, eastern Roman emperor
476  Official end of western Roman empire, last emperor Romulus Augustulus
480-547  St. Benedict, founded the Benedictines
483-492  Pope Felix III (II), 49th Pope

484-640  Period between Great Schism and the destruction of the Library of Alexendria  
- After the end of the Roman Empire, the Catholic Church sees a period of  
turmoil and division, Europe's population "halved" by plague, great  
earthquakes occur

484-519  Acacian schism, over "Henoticon" divides Eastern (Greek) and Western  
(Roman) churches. Photinus, deacon of Thessalonica, was of the Greek  
church and held to the Acacian heresy, which denied the divine paternity of  
Christ. Photinus persuaded emperor Anastasius I to accept the Acacian  
heresy.
484  Letters of Vigilius of Thapsus, early Christian church father
489  Zeno destroys Nestorian (451) school at Edessa, erects Church of St Simeon
491  Armenian Church seceds from East (Byzantium) and West (Rome) churches
491-518  Anastasius I eastern Roman emperor
492-496  Pope Gelasius I, 50th Pope, "Vicar of Christ" is first used as another title
496-498  Pope Anastasius II
498  Nestorians (451) settle in Nisibis, Persia
498-514  Pope Symmachus
514-523  Pope Hormisdas
523-526  Pope John I, martyr
498-506  Anti-Pope Lawrence, Lawrencian schism
500  Incense introduced in Christian church service, first plans of Vatican
500?  Codex Sangallensis vg: earliest extant Latin Vulgate, Gospels
500?  Codex Argenteus (got): earliest nearly complete Gothic (German), Gospels
500?  Codex Cottonianus: Greek Genesis
502  Narsai of Mealletha, Syrian poet, heads Nestorian school in Nisibis(498)
518-527  Justin I: emperor of Byzantine (former eastern Roman) empire
524  Boethius, b.480?, Roman Christian philosopher, wrote: "Theological  
Tractates", "Consolation of Philosophy"; (Loeb Classics) (Latin)
525  Dionysius Exiguus sets Christian calendar (a.d.) & Jesus' birth @ 23 Dec 1AD
526  Earthquake in Antioch kills 250,000
526-530  Pope Felix IV (III)
527-565  Justinian the Great, Byzantine emperor
527  Letters of Fulgentius, early Christian church father
529  Justinian closes 1000yr Athen's School of Philosophy, declared Paganistic
530-532  Pope Boniface II
530  Anti-Pope Dioscorus
532-535  Pope John II
533  N. Africa captured by Belisarius from Vandals, becomes Byzantine province
534-870  Malta becomes Byzantine province
535-536  Pope Agapitus I
536-537  Pope Silverius, martyr
537-555  Pope Vigilius, involved in death of Pope Silverius, conspired with Justinian  
and Theodora, excommunicated by N. African bishops in 550
539-562  War between Byzantine empire and Persia
542  Plague in Constantinople from Egyptian and Syrian rats, spreads to Europe
543  Justinian condemns Origen (254), disastrous earthquakes hit the world
541-546  Codex Fuldensis vg(F): Latin Vulgate, 27NT + Epistle to Laodiceans
544  Justinian condemns the "3 Chapters" of Theodore of Mopsuestia (d.428) and  
other writings of "2-natures" Christology of Council of Chalcedon (451)
547  Pope Vigilius issues "Iudicatum" supporting Justinian's anti-"2-natures"
547  Plague reaches Britain
548  Letters of Apringius Pacensis, early Christian church father
550-1453  Medieval Greek of Constantinople (Byzantium) becomes standard Greek
550  Byzantine Greek Text, standard Eastern Bible, much smoothing & conflation
550  St. David converts Wales to Christianity, crucifix becomes Christian icon
550?  Codex Claromontanus (Dp): Greek/Latin Pauline Epistles + Canon of ~250AD  
lists 27NT+Barnabas+Hermas+Acts_of_Paul+Apocalypse_of_Peter;  
"Western" type
550?  Codex Mediolanensis vg(M): Latin Vulgate Gospels
550?  Codex Veronensis: Greek & Old Latin Psalms
555  2nd Council of Constantinople, 5th ecumenical, called by Justinian
556-561  Pope Pelagius I, selected by Justinian, endorsed "Iudicatum" (547)
561-574  Pope John III, authorized by Justinian
565-578  Justin II, Byzantine emperor
567  Letters of Primasius, Cassiodorus; early Christian church fathers
572-628  War between Byzantine empire and Persia
575-579  Pope Benedict I, authorized by Justin II,  
578-582  Tiberius II, Byzantine emperor
579-590  Pope Pelagius II, died of plague
582-602  Maurice, Byzantine emperor
587  Visigoths of Spain converted to Christianity
589  Lombards of Italy converted to Christianity
590  Plague in Rome
590-604  Pope Gregory I, commanded that a way be found to collect and preserve the  
singing of the Benedictine monks of Santo Domingo de Silos (now known as  
Gregorian Chant)
594  End of plague which began in 542 and "halved" the population of Europe!
596  St. Augustine of Canterbury sent to convert Britain to Christianity
600?  Codex Harleianus vg(Z): Latin Vulgate Gospels
600?  Codex Philoxenian/Harclean Syr(ph/h): Syriac 27NT, "Western" text-type
602-610  Phocas, Byzantine emperor after killing Maurice
604-606  Pope Sabinian, authorized by Phocas
606-607  Pope Boniface III, authorized by Phocas
607-615  Pope Boniface IV, authorized by Phocas
609  Roman Pantheon (a Pagan Temple) renamed Church of Santa Maria Rotonda
610-641  Heraclius, Byzantine emperor after killing Phocas
611  Mohammed's reported vision of Allahon Mount Hira
614  Persians take Damascas and Jerusalem and "Holy Cross of Christ"
615  earliest records of some of Mohammed's teachings
615-618  Pope Deusdedit
619-625  Pope Boniface V, authorized by Heraclius
622-680  Monothelite controversy: condemned at 6th Ecum. Council of Constantinople
622  first year in Muslim calendar, The Hegira, 1a.h., (a.h. = anno hegirae)
624  Mohammed marries Aisha, daughter of Abu Bekr
625  Paulinus of Rome comes to convert Northumbria to Christianity
625-638  Pope Honorius I
625  Mohammed begins dictation of Qur'an (Koran) to his scribe
626  King Edwin of Northumbria founds Edinburgh and begins Christianization
627  Byzantines defeat Persians at Nineveh
628  Emperor Heraclius wins back "Cross of Christ" from Persians
628  Mohammed captures Mecca & writes to rulers of the world explaining Islam
629  Heraclius recovers Jerusalem from Persians
629  Pope Honorius I sides with Emperor Heraclius and Monothelites (622)
632  Mohammed, b. 570?, Arab prophet and founder of Islam
632  East Anglia Christianized
632  Abu Bekr, first Islamic Caliph, seat at Medina
634  Omar I, 2d Caliph, takes Syria/Persia/Egypt;defeats Heraclius in Holy War
635  Christianization of Wessex
635-750  Damascus becomes capital of Islamic Caliphs
636  Southern Irish Church submits to Roman Catholicism
637  Jerusalem captured by Islam
638  Emp. Heraclius' "Ecthesis", decrees Christ of one nature: "Monothelites"
640  Pope Severinus
640  Library of Alexandria, "The Center of Western Culture," with 300,000  
ancient papyrus scrolls, is completely distroyed.

640-1380  Period between destruction of Library of Alexandria and the first complete  
English translation of the Bible

640-642  Pope John IV
642-649  Pope Theodore I
649-654  Pope Martin I, martyr
654-657  Pope Eugene I
657-673  Pope Vitalian
673-676  Pope Adeodatus II
676-678  Pope Donus
678-682  Pope Agatho
682-684  Pope Leo II
684-685  Pope Benedict II
685-686  Pope John V
686-687  Pope Conon
687  Anti-Pope Theodore
687  Anti-Pope Paschal
687-701  Pope Sergius I
690?  Earliest Bible translations into England's vernacular, continued work by Bede  
and others from this point forward
701-705  Pope John VI
705-708  Pope John VII
708  Pope Sisinnius
708-715  Pope Constantine
715-731  Pope Gregory II
731-741  Pope Gregory III
741-752  Pope Zachary
750?  Tower added to St Peter's Basilica at the front of the atrium
752-757  Pope Stephen II (III)
757-768  Pope Paul I
767  Anti-Pope Constantine
768  Anti-Pope Philip
768-772  Pope Stephen III (IV)
772-795  Pope Adrian I
795-816  Pope Leo III
816-817  Pope Stephen IV (V)
817-824  Pope Paschal I
824-827  Pope Eugene II
827  Pope Valentine
827-844  Pope Gregory IV
844  Anti-Pope John
844-847  Pope Sergius II
847-855  Pope Leo IV
850?  King Alfred translation of several Bible books into English vernacular, also  
done by Aldhelm and Aelfric
855-858  Pope Benedict III
855  Anti-Pope Anastasius
856  Earthquake in Corinth kills 45,000
858-867  Pope Nicholas I
867-872  Pope Adrian II
872-882  Pope John VII
882-884  Pope Marinus I
884-885  Pope Adrian III
885-891  Pope Stephen V (VI)
891-896  Pope Formosus
896  Pope Boniface VI
896-897  Pope Stephen VI (VII)
897  Pope Romanus
897-898  Pope Theodore II
898-900  Pope John IX
900-903  Pope Benedict IV
903-904  Pope Leo V
903  Anti-Pope Christopher
904-911  Pope Sergius III
911-913  Pope Anastasius III
913-914  Pope Landus
914-928  Pope John X
928  Pope Leo VI
928-931  Pope Stephen VII (VIII)
931-936  Pope John XI
936-939  Pope Leo VII
939-942  Pope Stephen VIII (IX)
942-946  Pope Marinus II
946-955  Pope Agapitus II
955-963  Pope John XII
963-964  Pope Leo VIII
964-965  Pope Benedict V
965-973  Pope John XIII
973-974  Pope Benedict VI
974  Anti-Pope Boniface VII
974-983  Pope Benedict VII
983-985  Pope John XIV
985-996  Pope John XV
996-999  Pope Gregory V
997  Anti-Pope John XVI
999-1003  Pope Sylvester II
1003-1004  Pope John XVII
1004-1009  Pope John XVIII
1009-1012  Pope Sergius IV
1012-1024  Pope Benedict VIII
1012  Anti-Pope Gregory
1024-1032  Pope John XIX
1032-1045  Pope Benedict IX
1045  Pope Sylvester III
1045  Pope Benedict IX
1045-1046  Pope Gregory VI
1046-1047  Pope Clement II
1047-1048  Pope Benedict IX
1048-1049  Pope Damasus II
1049-1055  Pope Leo IX
1054  Split between Eastern and Western churches formalized, Orthodox Church  
founded
1055-1057  Pope Victor II
1057-1059  Pope Stephen IX (X)
1057  Earthquake in Cilicia (Asia Minor) kills 60,000
1058  Anti-Pope Benedict X
1059-1061  Pope Nicholas II
1061-1073  Pope Alexender II
1061  Anti-Pope Honorius II
1073-1086  Gregory VII
1080  Anti-Pope Clement III
1086-1088  Pope Victor III
1088-1099  Pope Urban II
1095-1291  10 Crusades, 1st called by Pope Urban II, to restore Asia Minor to Byzantium  
and conquer the Holy Land from the Turks
1099-1118  Pope Paschal II
1100  Anti-Pope Theodoric
1102  Anti-Pope Albert
1105  Anti-Pope Sylvester IV
1118-1119  Pope Gelasius II
1118  Anti-Pope Gregory VIII
1119-1124  Pope Callistus II
1124-1130  Pope Honorius II
1124  Anti-Pope Celestine II
1130-1143  Pope Innocent II
1130  Anti-Pope Anacletus II
1138  Anti-Pope Victor IV
1143-1144  Pope Celestine II
1144-1145  Pope Lucius II
1145-1153  Pope Eugene III
1153-1154  Pope Anastasius IV
1154-1159  Pope Adrian IV
1159-1181  Pope Alexander III
1159  Anti-Pope Victor IV
1164  Anti-Pope Paschal III
1168  Anti-Pope Callistus III
1179  Anti-Pope Innocent III
1181-1185  Pope Lucius III
1185-1187  Pope Urban III
1187  Pope Gregory VIII
1187-1191  Pope Clement III
1191  Pope Celestine III
1198-1216  Pope Innocent III
1206  Rosary is reportedly given to St. Dominic by an apparition of Mary
1215  Dominican order begun
1216-1227  Pope Honorius III
1223  Franciscan order begun
1225-1274  Thomas Aquinas, theologian and philosopher
1227-1241  Pope Gregory IX
1241-1243  Pope Celestine IV
1243-1254  Pope Innocent IV
1254-1261  Pope Alexander IV
1260  Date which a 1988 Vatican sponsered scientific study places the origin of the  
Shroud of Turin
1261-1265  Pope Urban IV
1265-1271  Pope Clement IV
1271-1276  Pope Gregory X
1276  Pope Innocent V
1276  Pope Adrian V
1276-1277  Pope John XXI
1277-1294  Pope Nicholas IV
1294  Pope Celestine V
1294-1303  Pope Boniface VIII
1303-1305  Pope Benedict XI
1305-1316  Pope Clement V
1316-1334  Pope John XXII
1321?  The Divine Comedy, by Dante Alighieri
1328  Anti-Pope Nicholas V
1334-1342  Pope Benedict XII
1342-1352  Pope Clement VI
1350?  English begins to emerge as the national language of England
1350?  Renaissance begins in Italy
1352-1362  Pope Innocent VI
1354  Earliest extant documentation stating the existance of the Shroud of Turin
1362-1370  Pope Urban V
1370-1378  Pope Gregory XI
1378-1389  Pope Urban VI
1378  Anti-Pope Clement VII

1380-1517  Period between the 1st complete English translation of the Bible and Martin  
Luther's 95 Theses

1380-1382  John Wycliffe, eminant theologian at Oxford, makes NT (1380) and OT (with  
help of Nicholas of Hereford) (1382) translations in English, 1st complete  
translation to English, included deutercanonical books, preached against  
abuses, expressed unorthodox views of the sacraments (Penance and  
Eucharist), the use of relics, and against celibacy of the clergy
1384  John Purvey, follower of John Wycliffe, revises Wycliffe's translation
1389-1404  Pope Boniface IX
1390?  Wycliffe's teachings condemned repeatedly in England
1394  Anti-Pope Benedict XIII
1404-1406  Pope Innocent VII
1406-1417  Pope Gregory XII
1408  Council of Oxford forbids translations of the Scriptures into the vernacular  
unless and until they were fully approved by Church authority, sparked by  
Wycliffite Bible, Sir Thomas More said: "It neither forbiddith the translations  
to be read that were already well done of old before Wycliffe's days, nor  
damneth his because it was new but because it was naught; nor prohibiteth  
new to be made but provideth that they shall not be read if they be made  
amiss till they be by good examination amended." ("A Dialogue against  
Heresies")
1409  Anti-Pope Alexander V
1410  Anti-Pope John XXIII
1412-1431  St. Joan of Arc, French national heroine
1415  Council of Florence condemns all of Wycliffe's works, but the actual Bibles  
continued to be used after having the heretical prologue removed, and were  
possessed by both religious houses and those of the nobility and tacitly  
accepted by Catholics
1417-1431  Pope Martin V
1431-1447  Pope Eugene IV
1439  Anti-Pope Felix V
1447-1455  Pope Nicholas V
1453  Byzantium succeeded by the Ottoman Empire
1455-1458  Pope Callistus III
1458-1464  Pope Pius II
1464-1471  Pope Paul II
1466-1536  Desiderius Erasmus, Dutch scholar, Greek NT used in many 16th century  
translations
1471-1484  Pope Sixtus IV
1473-1481  Sistine Chapel built, under supervision of Giovanni de Dolci
1478  Inquisition established by Pope Sixtus IV
1483-1546  Martin Luther, leader of Protestant reformation, preached that only faith  
leads to salvation without mediation of clergy or good works, attacked  
authority of the Pope, rejected priestly celibacy, recommended individual  
study of the Bible (see 1517, 1522)
1484-1492  Pope Innocent VIII
1488-1569  Miles Coverdale, Augustinian friar who left the Order, repudiated  
Catholicism, 1st Protestant Bishop of Exeter
1491-1556  Ignatius of Loyola, founded the Jesuit order (see 1534)
1492  Christopher Columbus's first voyage, discovers San Salvador - begins  
Spanish colonization of the New World
1492-1503  Pope Alexander VI
1503  Pope Pius III
1503-1513  Pope Julius II
1505-1572  John Knox, Protestant reformer in Scotland (see 1560)
1506  Pope Julius II orders the Old St Peter's Basilica torn down and authorizes  
Donato Bramante to plan a new structure, demolition completed in 1606
1508-1512  Michelangelo frescoes the Sistine Chapel's vaulted ceiling
1509-1547  Henry VIII ruler of England
1509-1564  John Calvin, preached predetermination, good conduct and success were signs  
of election
1513-1522  Pope Leo X

1517-1994  Modern Era of Christianity - Luther, Calvin lay the seeds of modern  
Protestantism, England breaks away from the Catholic Church

1517  95 Theses (Martin Luther)
1518-1532  St Terese of Avila
1520  Luther excommunicated
1522-1523  Pope Adrian VI
1522  Luther's German NT translation
1523-1534  Pope Clement VII
1524  South German peasant uprising, repressed with Luther's support, begins 1.5  
century long religious wars
1525-1534  Tyndale's translation of the NT from Greek text of Erasmus (1466) compared  
against the Vulgate and the Pentateuch from the Hebrew (1525) compared to  
Vulgate and Luther's German version (1530), first printed edition, used as a  
vehicle by Tyndale for bitter attacks on the Church, reflects influence of  
Luther's NT of 1522 in rejecting "priest" for "elder", "church" for  
"congregation"
1530  Augsburg Confession, Martin Luther founds the Lutheran Church
1531  Reported apparition of Mary at Guadalupe, Mexico, considered "worthy of  
belief" by the Catholic Church
1531  Earthquake in Lisbon, Portugal kills 30,000
1534  Henry VIII breaks England away from the Catholic church, confiscates  
monastic property, beginning of Episcopal Church  
1534-1550  Pope Paul III
1534  Jesuit order founded by Lyola (1491-1556), helped reconvert large areas of  
Poland, Hungary, and S. Germany and sent missionaries to the New World,  
India, and China
1535-1537  Coverdale's Bible (see 1488), used Tyndale's (1525) translation along with  
Latin and German versions, included Apocrypha at the end of the OT (like  
Luther) as was done in later English versions, 1537 edition received royal  
license, but banned in 1546
1536  Tyndale put to death, left his OT translation in manuscript, English  
ecclesiaastical authorities ordered his Bible burned because it was thought to  
be part of Lutheran reform
1537-1551  Matthew Bible, by John Rogers (1500-1555), based on Tyndale and  
Coverdale received royal license but not authorized for use in public worship,  
numerous editions, 1551 edition contained offensive notes (based on Tyndale)
1536-1541  Michelangelo paints the Last Judgement
1539-1552  Richard Taverner's (1505-1577) revisions of Matthew Bible, mostly NT  
revisions since he didn't know Hebrew, 1st edition most reliable
1539-1569  Great Bible, by Thomas Cromwell, 1st English Bible to be authorized for  
public use in English churches, defective in many places, based on last  
Tyndale's NT of 1534-1535, corrected by a Latin version of the Hebrew OT,  
Latin Bible of Erasmus, and Complutensian Polyglot, last edition 1569, never  
denounced by England
1542  Conocation makes an unsuccessful attempt to correct the Great Bible against  
the Vulgate
1543  Parliament bans Tyndale's translation as a "crafty, false and untrue  
transalation", although 80% of the words were in the RV
1545-1563  Council of Trent, Catholic Reformation, or counter-reformation, met  
Protestant challenge, clearly defining an official theology
1546  King Henry VIII forbids anyone to have a copy of Tyndale's or Coverdale's NT
1547-1553  Edward VI ruler of England
1549  Book of Common Prayer (Episcopal Church)
1550-1555  Pope Julius III
1550?  St. Thomas More, Cranmer, and Foxe affirm the existence of English versions  
of portions of the Bible, including the Gospels (11th century), Mark, Luke,  
Epistles of Paul (14th century), Apocalypse (11th century)
1553-1558  Mary I ruler of England, publications of English Scriptures cease (except for  
Geneva NT of 1557), many clerics leave England
1553  Pontifical Gregorian University founded at Vatican City
1555  Pope Marcellus II
there is more  

Answer
Dear Jacqueline:

The wearing of veils was determined to be only a custom of the Church; therefore, it could be changed. Women stopped wearing veils after the Second Vatican Council. You may wear a veil if you like, it is just not a requirement.

God Bless You,
Sal