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About Kristin
(Top Expert on this page)

Expertise
I can answer questions regarding general, organic and analytical chemistry, as well as in chemical oceanography and aquatic chemistry.

Experience
I am a PhD candidate in chemical oceanography. My research focuses on organic compounds that bioaccumulate in marine mammals. This work requires extensive use and knowledge in the areas of organic extrations and chromatographic protocols, various types of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, stable and radioisotope data collection and analysis and an understanding of marine food webs. Previous research on phospholipids and chrial solvating agents required extensive use and understanding of liquid chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry, respectively. I also have an excellent understanding of what goes into making a radiocarbon (14C) date since I spent two years preparing samples for this type of analysis. I enjoy making science understandable, accessible and exciting for children of all ages (from my youngest cousins to my 90 year-old grandparents)!

Organizations
Sigma Xi American Chemistry Society American Society of Limnology and Oceanography

Education/Credentials
BS Chemistry (2002) PhD Chemical Oceangraphy (2010)

Awards and Honors
National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellow (2004-2007)

   

You are here:  Experts > Science > Chemistry > Chemistry (including Biochemistry)

Questions Answered By Expert  Kristin 
In Category  Chemistry (including Biochemistry)

SubjectDate Asked

Organic Chemistry8/1/2009
  Q: How does addition reaction work? For example, how do I solve CH3-CH=CH2 + Cl ? (Propene reacts with ...
  A: You are talking about addition to a double bond. And, probably, addition of HCl, correct? (Cl by ...
Stoichiometry7/28/2009
  Q: I have read your Instructions. This question is from the textbook, I don't want you to solve it, I ...
  A: This question is asking you to convert length measurements into a volume, the volume to a mass, and ...
Energies in Chemistry7/27/2009
  Q: i have read that when an electron add up into a atom energy is released eg--when an electron is ...
  A: I'm sorry, I was away from my computer for a few days. In chemistry we are always looking at and ...
supplements nutrition7/25/2009
  Q: there is a supplement choline citrate with glycerine all in the same liquid bottle.they claim when ...
  A: It is possible to have a formulation that is neutral on the outside and with charges on the inside. ...
bubbling reaction7/1/2009
  Q: Why does Airborne or Alka-seltzer effervesce faster in hot water than in cold? A post on this site ...
  A: I'm not sure what the gas produced in Airborne is, but I assume it is the same as Alka-selzer, which ...
Science3/13/2009
  Q: How might you tell if a food contains an acid as one of its ingredients?
  A: There are a few ways. One, look at the label! If you have a packaged food they are required to ...
solubility3/11/2009
  Q: as the amount of solute increases why we see that the temperature at which crystallization occurs ...
  A: There is an unwritten assumption in your question that I'm going to state explicitly. We are ...
Wavelength and amino acids3/9/2009
  Q: My name is Daniel and I am a 1st year med student. I recently studied that there is some relation ...
  A: Neither amino acids nor UV/IR/VIS absorbance spectroscopy are my particular areas of expertise, but ...
chemistry3/8/2009
  Q: why carbon does not form 4 bonds with other carbon?
  A: I assume you are curious about why carbon doesn't form quadruple bonds, since it commonly forms 4 ...
Redox equations3/3/2009
  Q: How do i balance a redox equation using the half-reaction method? Ex. MnO4-1 + C2O4-2 ----> Mn+2 + ...
  A: Sorry to take so long in responding to your question. Redox reactions are in some ways easier to ...
Chemistry ( writing molecular equations)2/25/2009
  Q: I need help with writing molecular, complete ionic, and net ionic reaction equations 1. Potassium ...
  A: First, let me be clear - I can't give you the answers for 1-15. What I can do is explain what these ...
Markers2/19/2009
  Q: Does the permanency of markers depend on the brand of marker?
  A: Probably. Each brand will have its own formulation, and that may affect the markers' performance. ...
convert from ng/mL to nmol/L2/16/2009
  Q: How do you convert from ng/mL to nmol/L?
  A: There are basically two parts: you need to convert the mL to L and the ng to nmol. Let's start with ...
periodic table o2/15/2009
  Q: ..i had a question regarding the reactivity of metals and alloys on the table..how do you know by ...
  A: You can't. Not with out knowing anything else. Some columns are predictable - the noble gases ...
Covalent bonds2/14/2009
  Q: Kristen, I am a volunteer science teacher and need some help. Have a BS, but cannot remember -- ...
  A: Yep, polymers do have covalent bonds. I can't think of any ionic polymers, I think all are ...
Lewis acid/base2/13/2009
  Q: the thing that is troubling me is that NO2 is not (NO2)- does that change it from being considered ...
  A: Lewis bases are electron pair donating and lewis acids are electron pair accepting. So, whether NO2 ...
Resonance Effect2/11/2009
  Q: Chlorine is an electron withdrawing group. But still it activates benzene ring upon substitution ...
  A: As your subject line suggests, this is all due to resonance. Let's start with the facts. A ...
Chemistry Acids2/3/2009
  Q: Why did the Hydrochloric Acid called Muriatic Acid? Spirit(s) of Salt? Chlorane? ANSWER: Hi Raigou, ...
  A: Boric acid is a different compound. It is present in seawater, but isn't the same as hydrochloric ...
Organic chemistry2/1/2009
  Q: I was wondering if you could help me with the concept of acidity of alcohols? What does it depend ...
  A: Yes, what you describe is correct. The most dramatic example is benzene and phenol. Benzene's 6 ...
Chemistry Acids1/31/2009
  Q: Why did the Hydrochloric Acid called Muriatic Acid? Spirit(s) of Salt? Chlorane?
  A: I think you are asking why hydrochloric acid has different names? If that is your question here is ...
Analytical chemistry1/30/2009
  Q: I am a third year student in the National University of Lesotho and would like to know ways in which ...
  A: I'm not sure what you mean by formality - this is not a term I'm familiar with. However, I can help ...
marker removal1/27/2009
  Q: How can I remove dry erase marker marks completely from a refrigerator? I have tried so very many ...
  A: I know exactly what you are talking about. However, I may not be the best one to answer this ...
Effects of UV radiation on organic dyes1/26/2009
  Q: I am inquiring about the molecular properties in organic dyes that either protect or are prone to ...
  A: Often, the color of organic dyes is a result of conjugated double bonds. This means that you have a ...
evaporation/chemical removal1/25/2009
  Q: I have a solution of water and dissolved minerals, and I wish to evaporate the water to leave behind ...
  A: I can think of two ways off the top of my head. One, use a vacuum system. This is probably not an ...
Dry etching question1/23/2009
  Q: I am an undergraduate majoring in the engineering field. Recently, I stumbled upon a problem while ...
  A: According to its MSDS, CF4 is: Stable. Incompatible with zinc, alkaline earth metals, Group I ...
Epsom Salt Crystals1/22/2009
  Q: "My question is about making Epsom salt crystals. I would like to know if changing the amount of ...
  A: The best way to control the size of crystals is to control the speed at which they form. The slower ...
q1/17/2009
  Q: we know that quality of gold is expressed in carrat. sir, plz tell me that what is this carrat and ...
  A: In the United States and Canada, carat is used for gemstones and karat for gold. I don't know if ...
chemistry1/13/2009
  Q: how is pigment important in chemistry?????????????
  A: Pigments are very interesting molecules. They provide color by reflecting some colors and absorbing ...
Rutherford bombarded1/12/2009
  Q: Rutherford bombarded gold foil with alpha particles. How did the results of this experiment lead to ...
  A: When this experiment was first performed the prevailing view of the atom was the 'plum pudding ...
magnesium iodide1/5/2009
  Q: i'm in 9th grade. I thought magnesium iodide was ionic but when i looked at the electronegativity ...
  A: You are right, MgI2 is considered an ionic compound. Something to keep in mind is that covalent and ...
Chemistry1/4/2009
  Q: I did this practical where I titrated 10.0cm3 of 0.05cm3 sulphuric acid against Borax solution of ...
  A: I looked around a bit online to see if I could find any other side-products. Nothing came to light. ...
pH12/30/2008
  Q: I know the pH of water at 25 degrees celsius is 7, but would increasing the temperature lower the ...
  A: The pH of water can change with temperature, and the reason is that the dissociation of water is ...
atoms12/28/2008
  Q: hope your well.. i just needed your help in helping me answer a qestion. i need to identify the ...
  A: Sure. Metallic bonding is probably the most abstract bonding concept, so it isn't surprising that ...
atoms12/23/2008
  Q: hope your well.. i just needed your help in helping me answer a qestion. i need to identify the ...
  A: Atoms can form 3 types of bonds: covalent, ionic and metallic. Covalent bonds are where electrons ...
bonding12/20/2008
  Q: Respected ma'am iam a student of class 11 In a polar covalent, even if the molecule is not symmetric ...
  A: Yes, as long as you do not have an ion, in a covalently bonded molecule the overall charge will be ...
stoichiometry12/11/2008
  Q: citric acid(lemon juice) has the molecular formula C6H8O7. A 0.25 g of sample of citric acid ...
  A: The answer is 3, citric acid is a triprotic acid. But I'm unsure of how you are supposed to get to ...
atomic make up of phosphorus12/10/2008
  Q: We have to make a model for school showing the number of protons & neutrons in phosphorus. We can ...
  A: It sounds like you could have some fun with this. Beads was definitely a good idea. How about ...
organic chemistry12/7/2008
  Q: Which of the following does not have angle like water: 1. NO2 2. SiO2
  A: Water is a bent molecule. The hydrogen atoms attach to the oxygen at an angle of ~104.5 degrees. ...
Covelant Bonding?11/11/2008
  Q: I am having a hard time figuring the following questions out and was hoping you could help me a ...
  A: It seems that some of these may be homework questions, so I will try to help you think about them ...
Organic Chemistry11/9/2008
  Q: Why are sodium and chloride ions bigger than sodium and chloride elements and why are oxygen and ...
  A: The volume of an atom or ion depends on the configuration of its electrons. THis is because the ...
blending odors11/5/2008
  Q: Kristian, First, thank you for whatever help you can give me. I have had HS chemistry and 2 ...
  A: I'm afraid that I won't be able to help you with this. If you can smell something, then it is ...
Ionic Bonding?11/4/2008
  Q: When Na loses a e- it shrinks and the Cl+ grows in size correct? Does that say anything about the ...
  A: Here are the answers to your1) Yes. 2) Before the electron was lost from Na it was in the outermost ...
Repulsion11/3/2008
  Q: I know that when we put shampoo in our hair because of the acidity of it that will give hair a (+) ...
  A: I think that I may not understand your question. Therefore, I'm going to describe what shampoo is, ...
Chemistry Help11/2/2008
  Q: I'm just studying for a Chemistry Midterm for a chem 101 class, and im having difficulty ...
  A: Sure, all you need to learn here is how to get the units to help you. You want a volume in mLs. ...
SOLUTIONS10/31/2008
  Q: TAKING ORGANIC AND BIOCHEMISTRY. I AM CONFUSED ABOUT SOLUTIONS. I DO UNDERSTAND WHAT A SOLVENT AND ...
  A: I think I can help you. First, though, I wanted to let you know that in online communications all ...
chemistry10/22/2008
  Q: What do the protons, neutrons and electrons look like after hydrogen and oxygen become water?
  A: The protons and neutrons do not change. The electron orbitals shift to form water's molecular ...
ionic compounds10/21/2008
  Q: i'm in 9th grade and i was wondering why ionic compounds with charges is so hard to break apart ...
  A: I'm not sure I understand you correctly. Let's compare an ionic compound (salt - NaCl) with a ...
Hydrogen gas, ml to mmol10/18/2008
  Q: How do I convert hydrogen gas from ml to mmol taking barometric pressure and temp into ...
  A: I think this is a case where you need to assume that H2 will behave as an ideal gas, and use the ...
Synthesizing copper (II) hydroxide10/17/2008
  Q: What do I need to do to synthesize one gram of Copper (II) Hydroxide? I have access to the following ...
  A: The easiest method is to find some weathered, green copper. This green patina is actually copper ...
CHEM272 Concept10/16/2008
  Q: How do you calculate the buffering capacity in acid-base chemistry? I am having trouble ...
  A: It isn't clear to me what you mean by 'having trouble incorporating molarity.' I'll explain ...
Balancing Redox Equations10/8/2008
  Q: How do you balance this using oxidation-reduction? KClO3 + HCl --> KCl + H2O + Cl2 + ClO2 Everytime ...
  A: I'll try and help you. First thing is to decide what is oxidized and what is reduced. We can ...
Writing Empirical formulas10/7/2008
  Q: Can you please help me? I am so confused and i am running out of time (yes this is for class). How ...
  A: An empirical formula is ratio of the atoms in a molecules - it is not necessarily the same as the ...
EAS10/4/2008
  Q: i just wanna ask on what is the effect (if any) of the solvent polarity on the rate of bromination ...
  A: The bromination of a benzene normally occurs with a bromo-iron catalyst which helps to create a ...
periodic table9/28/2008
  Q: . i need your help to help me understand the patterns in group 1-7 in the periodic table?.. what am ...
  A: The patterns in the periodic table have to do with the chemistry of each column. (This is primarily ...
Introduction to Organic and Biological Chemistry9/26/2008
  Q: my question is about polarity. I understand that a polar molecule is one that has a negative charge ...
  A: This is a good question - and pertinent to me because I am doing some column chromatography as I ...
Princeton Review9/23/2008
  Q: I just finished a SAT Chemistry Test provided by the Princeton Review, and I'm confused about the ...
  A: (1) I'm not entirely sure on this one, since I wasn't able to find an exact answer in any reference ...
2,3,7,8-TCDD9/22/2008
  Q: . Plz tell me with which chemicals can 2,3,7,8-TCDD react??
  A: 2,3,7,8-TCDD is an extremely persistent molecule. However, as an aromatic compound, which is quite ...
Princeton Review9/20/2008
  Q: Kirsten. Thank you so much for the detailed explanation last time. However, I 've encountered some ...
  A: I'm glad that my answer was helpful last time! (3) Yes - this is true! The reason is because He ...
Calculations9/19/2008
  Q: Kirstin, I have a few questions involving stoichiometry that I don't understand, please help to ...
  A: I'm happy to try and help! (1) Ok, let's start from basics. Molarity is moles per liter, that is ...
Which pop contains the most fizz?9/18/2008
  Q: When we were reading this we were not sure if we should use all the same type of pop (not diet) or ...
  A: I'm not sure what you are trying to do... If you want to test and see which brand has the most fizz ...
amides9/16/2008
  Q: i have to do a report on amides, with the main focus being nomenclature. i looked up wikipedia but ...
  A: Wikipedia is actually not a bad place to start. Although you want to check the information that you ...
Biochemistry9/13/2008
  Q: I was wondering if you could help me find a method to calculate a net charge on any peptide. I am, ...
  A: I haven't had much biochemistry, so this was an unfamiliar term to me. However, I have looked into ...
Phenoxy acetic acid9/12/2008
  Q: What are the properties of Phenoxy acetic acid?
  A: H Abeer, Phenoxy acetic acid, more commonly phenoxyacetic acid, is an organic compound. It ...
chemistry9/10/2008
  Q: what is the isotopic notation of chlorine
  A: I'm a bit confused by your question. To make sure I cover what you want I'm going to go over both ...
just a confirmation9/8/2008
  Q: I haven't taken biochem but am just learning some terms to get myself ready. Would an example of ...
  A: My biochemistry is also limited, but I will try to help you. It might be better to ask an expert ...
organic chem9/7/2008
  Q: i barely passed chem two yrs ago but now i'm stuck in organic chemistry with the same teacher, i ...
  A: It is not uncommon to have some anxiety about organic chemistry, lovingly called orgo. Especially ...
Physical Chemistry9/3/2008
  Q: I was doing practice problems in my textbook and the answer for a certain problem is listed but I ...
  A: I just added that section about homework - perhaps I should re-write it! I wrote it after receiving ...
ppm formula9/2/2008
  Q: I'm in the wellfield maintenance industry. I have a question regarding parts per million formulas. I ...
  A: Your question about part per million formulas is a good one. They can be in terms of mass/mass, ...
Leength of a side of square..9/2/2008
  Q: I am really stuck on this question.. Density of gold = 19.3g/cm3 A 3.4 mg piece of gold is ...
  A: In this question you are given a bunch of information and you have to re-arrange it to get the ...
chemistry8/31/2008
  Q: Iron(III) phosphate dihydrate, it contains 1 iron, 1 phosphorous, 6 oxygens and 4 hydrogens. What ...
  A: You are writing the the formula for an ionic molecule. And, in this case, for a hydrated molecule. ...
chemistry8/29/2008
  Q: Tell me about the valency of Titanium how does it make one of its compound Titanium ...
  A: Titanium is a transition metal - the 2 outer electrons are in the shell 3d. This means that valence ...
Soap analysis8/26/2008
  Q: i now need to produce soap by monoglyceride. i use oleic acids to produce monoglyceride. so if i use ...
  A: I think that you need to find an analytical method for soap analysis. Check the literature - ...
mass determination8/25/2008
  Q: If samples are dried in the oven and their mass id determined before reaching room temperature, will ...
  A: If you are discounting condensation of water, then the temperature at which the mass of an object is ...
carbohydrats8/21/2008
  Q: Kristin We set the natural sciences teachers working in a workshop integrating technology in ...
  A: Aamina and Khtam, You can just call me Kristin - no title is needed (and incidentally, I'm a Ms. ...
Hybridization8/19/2008
  Q: i'm a bit confused about something. How do you know what hybridization occurs for different ...
  A: I'm so sorry to have taken this long to answer your question. To begin, I'm going to assume that ...
Suagr dissolved in water and total mass8/19/2008
  Q: Heelo, Im a little confused when you dissolve sugar in water does the law of conservation of mass ...
  A: Yes, the conservation of mass applies - it always applies! (Well, we could split hairs over the ...
carbon8/18/2008
  Q: Can I get pure carbon by heating sugar? How hot should it be? I heated sugar on a charcoal grill. I ...
  A: Normally when we heat sugar it will caramelize, then burn. When it burns we produce CO2 as well as ...
solubility8/18/2008
  Q:
  A: I'm sorry Sherry! I gave you the answer to the wrong question! Solubility is temperature ...
Organic Chemistry8/15/2008
  Q: How are you? I need help in these questions. 1> What is the nature of intermolecular force? 2>What ...
  A: I can definitely answer your second question. I'm not entirely sure what you mean in question ...
Electropositivity8/14/2008
  Q: Which metal is more electro positive among potassium and lithium?
  A: Electropositivity measures an elements ability to donate electrons. It is the opposite of ...
urea cycle8/13/2008
  Q: which compounds involved in the urea cycle are also involved in the krebs cycle?
  A: The urea cycle converts ammonia to urea. The Krebs cycle interconverts CO2 and larger organic ...
Chemistry8/12/2008
  Q: What is the formula of magnesium citrate, as an ionic compound of Mg2+ and citrate ion C6H5O-3 7 ...
  A: You are very close! It is MgC6H6O7. It is ionic, made of Mg2+ and C6H6O7(2-). With any compounds ...
condensation8/9/2008
  Q: If you drop iceblocks into a glass bowl of water, which would be the correct answer? 1. The glass ...
  A: The reason that glasses of cold drinks 'sweat' on a hot summer day is actually #2. When you put ice ...
organic chem8/5/2008
  Q: just wanna ask.. what compound produces the smell of feet and breath?
  A: Smelly feet and breath are both actually caused by bacteria. So it is the compounds that these ...
Concentration Calculation7/31/2008
  Q: If 10g of soil sample is extracted with 20ml MeOH. Then 0.5 mL of the methanol extract is transfered ...
  A: What you are describing is a common method of extracting soil. However, in order to know what the ...
Electrolysis7/30/2008
  Q: What is produced when a direct current is passed through a electrolyte solution of Magnesium Sulfate ...
  A: I just wrote you an answer, and I don't know what happened to it. But I'll try to recreate what I ...
Chemistry7/30/2008
  Q: What is the role of bicarbonate ion in control of pH in blood ? plz explain or send links or site ...
  A: Bicarbonate acts as a buffer in the blood to maintain a stable pH. Blood in the human body needs to ...
Alcohols7/1/2008
  Q: My questions are Islam based: 1. Alcohol used for drinking is necessarily ethyl alcohol or may be ...
  A: I'm not going to get into point #2 - I think this is more of a religious issue. However, through ...
Will we taste the same thing when we taste the food with same flavour6/25/2008
  Q: Will we taste the same thing when we taste the food with same flavour in our mouth? maybe not ...
  A: I just want to say up front - I've wondered these questions too! I'm not an expert on taste or ...
Diffusion as rate determining step6/15/2008
  Q: This question relates to swimming pool chemistry. Since the stirring in the pool is very slow, I ...
  A: If we make your assumption, that diffusion will be the rate determining step then we need to think ...
baking soda + detergent or soap6/14/2008
  Q: Just a quick and probably easy question for you: is there anything in soap or commercial laundry ...
  A: Ok - point taken. I think that in the example you give the soaking may be what helps rid the ...
The Effect of NaCl on BP of Water6/14/2008
  Q: Hey Kirsten :-) I am doing some research about boiling point elevation and was hoping that you ...
  A: Sure Chris, What I meant was that in order for a packet of water to evaporate all the salt that is ...
baking soda + detergent or soap6/13/2008
  Q: Just a quick and probably easy question for you: is there anything in soap or commercial laundry ...
  A: I'm actually going to veer around your chemistry question and answer a different one. Is baking ...
The Effect of NaCl on BP of Water6/11/2008
  Q: Hey Kirsten :-) I am doing some research about boiling point elevation and was hoping that you ...
  A: I just answered your question and somehow it got lost in the ether! I will try and recreate my ...
Help with Silver and Aluminium REDOX?6/9/2008
  Q: I was just wondering about the chemistry involved in the process of cleaning silver tarnish using ...
  A: I think you are looking at two different ways of removing silver tarnish. I'll start with the ...
Chemistry6/7/2008
  Q: What are called 'Bases'?
  A: Bases are a class of chemicals that raise the pH of a solution. That is, they decrease the amount ...
Ethanol concentration6/6/2008
  Q: How can i find the concentration of ethanol in its binary solution with hexane? Thank you ANSWER: ...
  A: Oh yes, definitely! You will need a system optimized for the measurement of very small molecules. ...
Ethanol concentration6/6/2008
  Q: How can i find the concentration of ethanol in its binary solution with hexane? Thank you
  A: As you probably know, a binary solution is a mixture of two miscible liquids - meaning they are ...
boric oxide titration6/5/2008
  Q: I'm doing a titration using NaOH to determine boric oxide content in water. I have seen a lot of ...
  A: If your boric acid is listed as either B(OH)3 or B(OH)4-, then yes it is a 1:1 ratio - you've got ...
Re: cream of tartar, ions and sucrose6/3/2008
  Q: I'm Julian Krick, a student from Germany (Unfortunately I haven't found any German ...
  A: You are right, Julian! I should have 'spoken' more carefully. Citric acid does have 3 carboxylic ...
Re: cream of tartar, ions and sucrose6/3/2008
  Q: I'm Julian Krick, a student from Germany (Unfortunately I haven't found any German ...
  A: I'm working from home today which means that I have my food science/cooking science books on hand. ...
question6/2/2008
  Q: It's me again! You helped me earlier with a query, and I have my exam on Wednesday , I only do this ...
  A: It sounds like you are busy. What you need to consider here is how acid will affect this solution, ...
cream of tartar, ions and sucrose6/1/2008
  Q: I'm Julian Krick, a student from Germany (Unfortunately I haven't found any German ...
  A: It certainly sounds like you have done your research! Let me see if I can add something. If you ...
Re-do of Previous question5/29/2008
  Q: I had my math wrong by an order of magnitude; but the question is still with me ... One mile of ...
  A: I believe the discrepancy is a result of the reaction of the gasoline with oxygen during combustion. ...
Converting ion concentration to grams of solvent5/29/2008
  Q: I've spent hours Googling for a method of converting ion concentration in an aqeous solution to ...
  A: Absolutely - you can definitely do this. When you calculated the amount of potassium in the ...
chem5/26/2008
  Q: This is one of the 2008 AP chem exam questions. we already took it so I'm assuming it's ok to ask ...
  A: I think that you over thought the question - a mistake I've make many times! In this reaction you ...
organic5/22/2008
  Q: hydrogen bonding lowers vaporising tendency of organic liquids ,although exhibiting H -bonding why ...
  A: I think you are asking why ammonia and ethyl alcohol are volatile at room temperature despite the ...
molarity5/20/2008
  Q: When 8.00 mL aliquots of a solution of HCl were titrated with 0.109 mol L-1 NaOH using ...
  A: I always feel badly about turning down obvious homework questions because people obviously ask ...
Calculating concentration5/19/2008
  Q: I have to calculate the concentration of iron in a vitamin pill and I am stuck on calculating the ...
  A: I'm trying to understand your methods here. I'm going to just assume that you used some sort of ...
Organic Chemistry5/16/2008
  Q: Arrange the following according to decreasing reactivity:- 1.C6H6-NH2 2.C6H6-NH-R 3.C6H6-NR2 where ...
  A: I turned your question down because it looks too much like a homework question and I don't feel ...
pH chemistry5/9/2008
  Q: How can I find the theoretical pH of 0.5M Na3C6H5O7? I don't know the dissociation/hydrolysis ...
  A: I don't feel comfortable just giving the answer, but I can give you a BIG hint. The chemical in ...
molar calculations5/9/2008
  Q: I am a Biology graduate (BSc 2:1) and am returning to do a degree in Dentistry in September, but I ...
  A: Congratulations on your successes, and good luck for dentistry school! Let me see if I can help you ...
Acyl Acetyl difference?5/8/2008
  Q: What is an acyl and what is an acetyl? What is the difference between them? Thank you for your time ...
  A: An acyl and acetyl are closely related. An acyl is a carbon chain where the last carbon is ...
Methyl isocyanate5/5/2008
  Q: I am Tahira studing in University of Tokyo. My major is Sustainability Science.I have one question. ...
  A: I'm not that familiar with the uses of methyl isocyanate, but I did some quick internet searches. ...
alkyl hallides5/4/2008
  Q: What are acryl hallides?Pl.can U give it's structure.
  A: I'm afraid I don't know if you can import images into these text boxes, so I'm just going to ...
Water pH Question5/3/2008
  Q: I have an aquarium tank that is about 50L. Inside the tank, I have several goldfish, frogs, and a ...
  A: I'm not entirely sure. Is this a new problem? If so - what changed? If you added something(s) ...
Dissolving5/1/2008
  Q: I am studying Biology AS level. The bit about water in my textbook confused me in one respect, and ...
  A: That is a good question. Especially since Cl is toxic and Na flames when in contact with water! ...
Balancing Equations??4/29/2008
  Q: I have googled like crazy - and no useful info, so you are my last hope. I am really struggling with ...
  A: I can't give you the answer straight out. But, let me help you out with your notation, then I'll ...
Balancing Equations??4/29/2008
  Q: I have googled like crazy - and no useful info, so you are my last hope. I am really struggling with ...
  A: Well, first of all, your reaction can't be correct. You can't have sodium bicarbonate as both a ...
bleach4/24/2008
  Q: Why does chlorine bleach turn colored clothes pink, but oxygen bleach has no visible effect on the ...
  A: It probably depends to some degree on both the strength of the bleach and the type of dye used. In ...
stoichiometry4/23/2008
  Q: i am fine working with easier stoich problems but i recently came across one with a polyatomic ion ...
  A: I had to investigate the bridge method- it looks like a good way to solve problems! Polyatomic ions ...
Glow-In-The-Dark4/16/2008
  Q: Is there any existing or is it possible to create a glow-in-the-dark object that can light as light ...
  A: What you are describing is called bioluminescence. It is biology's way of harnessing ...
Science Question4/14/2008
  Q: I was wondering how exactly the position of an element (in the Periodic Table) predicts its ...
  A: I'm going to assume that you understand how the number of electrons in the outer shell of an atom ...
Polymers4/12/2008
  Q: What are polymers and their properties?? Any help gratelfully recieved
  A: Polymers are large molecules made up of repeating units called monomers. There are many different ...
Rate of reactions4/10/2008
  Q: I know the formula for rate of reaction is rate=k[reactant1]m[reactant2]n My question is what does ...
  A: 'k' is the rate constant of the reaction. It is always the same for a given reaction at a specific ...
question about titration4/8/2008
  Q: NaCo3+NaOH+NaHCo3 is it posibble to detect a mixture of them by titration and if it wasnt possible ...
  A: You are asking about a complicated system - I hope you are ready for a more complicated answer than ...
the water / air / finger experiment4/2/2008
  Q: Hoping you can help. I work in a lab but what I know about chemistry could probably fit on an ...
  A: Well, I thought this was a pretty great experiment, but wasn't entirely sure of my knowledge on the ...
Valence Number4/2/2008
  Q: What is a valence number and how do i find it?
  A: A valence number describes the maximum number of bonds an atom can form. Chemical reactivity ...
Definition confusion3/31/2008
  Q: What is the difference between Hemi-ketals, Hemi-acetal. acetal & Ketal. Thank you.
  A: I had to review this myself. A hemiacetal is the adduct formed from the addition of an alcohol to ...
Separation3/31/2008
  Q: Is it possible to separate the acetic acid from the viniger? If so how? Thank you
  A: Vinegar is a weak solution of acetic acid. There are probably a few ways to separate the acid from ...
Question regarding saltwater battery3/27/2008
  Q: I recently made an air/saltwater battery that requires hydrogen peroxide. I made the battery as ...
  A: That sounds really cool! I'll have to remember it as a fun experiment for the future. Here is what ...
alcohol evaporation3/27/2008
  Q: My husband and I can't agree. Can a glass that once held alcohol still have "alcohol residue" on ...
  A: As a wife who occasionally argues with her husband over matters like these I am afraid to tell you ...
Law of Chemistry3/25/2008
  Q: Is this a Law of Chemistry? Is there a name or short phrase that sums up the following Law of ...
  A: I don't know of a concise name for this other than the generic, "reaction". The fact that different ...
Who made the Discovery3/18/2008
  Q: I have often heard said, Carbon is the basis of all life on Earth. I have been wondering what this ...
  A: I'm afraid that the answer I'm going to give might not be very satisfying. Like so many things in ...
Biochemistry- Spectrophotometry/ Fluorimetry3/14/2008
  Q: My question is "When and why do molecules fluoresce". None of the information I have searched for ...
  A: Fluorescence occurs when a molecule absorbs a photon at one wavelength which causes it to emit a ...
CHEMISTRY3/13/2008
  Q: Question is perform the following calculations using the correct number of significant figures and ...
  A: I think you may want to revisit this one. Your use of significant figures is not quite right. I ...
Chemistry3/12/2008
  Q: How do you work out the highest possible yield of a product?
  A: I think by this you mean the theoretical yield. This is when you get total conversion of reactants ...
Science Question.3/10/2008
  Q: (I hope I'm in the right category) :). Does the mass of a object change after a phase change? ...
  A: Yup, you are in the right category. :) A phase change is when something goes from a solid to a ...
3rd grade activity: atoms & molecules-Part 23/1/2008
  Q: You helped me in December to work up a stick/ball activity for 3rd graders. You field a lot of ...
  A: Yes - I remember this activity well. I think it sounds like a great activity for 3rd graders. The ...
titration?2/29/2008
  Q: C6H5COOH(S) = C6H5COO-(aq) + H+(aq) Ka= 6.46 e-5 Benzoic acid, C6H5COOH, dissociates in water as ...
  A: Let me start by helping you with the moles of NaOH used. If 15 mL of a 0.150 M NaOH solution was ...
chemical formula2/28/2008
  Q: which acid is stronger, propanoic acid or methanoic acid? justify your anser. i don't think any of ...
  A: Yes, in this case it seems that they want you to use what you've learned about how molecular ...
Chemistry2/25/2008
  Q: My question is about Percent yield. I know that Percent yield is equal to actual yield/theoretical ...
  A: The theoretical number is calculated from the amount of starting materials you have and the ...
Molarity & Molarity2/24/2008
  Q: I was just wondering why molality will always have a greater numerical value than molarity? I am ...
  A: Molality and molarity are both mole-based concentration units. Molality equals moles per ...
What exactly are "flames"?2/16/2008
  Q: What exactly are "flames"? From what I've read about, it's where atoms are rearranging, with a net ...
  A: You've asked a number of questions here, and I'll do my best to answer them. Flames are actually ...
chemistry lab techniques2/6/2008
  Q: which techniques are used to find the temperature at which the liquid phase and solid phase of a ...
  A: I believe that you are referring to determining a substances melting point. Personally, I have only ...
gas volumes2/5/2008
  Q: I need to design an experiment which will allow me to measure the volume of a gas. I am trying to ...
  A: In answer to a previous question on trying to find out how much carbonation was in a bottle of soda ...
Biochemistry1/30/2008
  Q: What is the definition of Fermentation according to Bio chemisty?
  A: I've been thinking about your question because I'm not entirely sure what you mean. Fermentation is ...
Ozone molecule1/28/2008
  Q: Ozone has a molecular weight of around 48 while oxygen molecule 36. So, why do O3 molecules, instead ...
  A: Ozone is destroyed in the stratosphere before it would sink. Prior to the emissions of CFCs, and ...
Ozone molecule1/27/2008
  Q: Ozone has a molecular weight of around 48 while oxygen molecule 36. So, why do O3 molecules, instead ...
  A: There are two things to consider here, reactivity and density. Although one molecule of ozone is ...
half equations and redox1/25/2008
  Q: . I'm really struggling with working out the FeSO4 part of the equation i know its the reducing ...
  A: We know that FeSO4 must change into Fe2(SO4)3. What happens to the iron in this half reaction - is ...
Chemistry1/24/2008
  Q: why are all the known stable xenon compounds contain xenon bonded only to fluorine, oxygen, or ...
  A: I'm not a geologist - but I can take a stab at the first question. I can definitely answer the ...
Chemistry1/23/2008
  Q: why are all the known stable xenon compounds contain xenon bonded only to fluorine, oxygen, or ...
  A: I'm not entirely sure, but I believe it is because of Xenon's relative non-reactiveness. Fluorine, ...
Spectrometry1/22/2008
  Q: Why do fluorescence excitation spectra typicall look identical to absorption spectra?
  A: The fluorescence and absorption spectra of a molecule are closely related. The fluorescence ...
Colloids and its charge1/22/2008
  Q: ! this is my second question to you today...thank you soo much for your help, my chem exam is day ...
  A: I'm sorry to have taken a bit to get back to you - I wrote out a request for explanation and ...
iodoform test1/22/2008
  Q: i have a question on the iodoform test. Could you brief me about the conditions for the same? i mean ...
  A: It sounds like you have this correct. The iodoform test is testing for the presence of a CH3-CO- ...
bohr diagram1/20/2008
  Q: How do I use Bohr Diagram, What is it?
  A: A Bohr Diagram is a representation of an atom which places electrons in discrete energy levels ...
Blood1/19/2008
  Q: Sir, I want to know that blood is acidic or basic ?? and why ??
  A: According to a quick internet search, the pH of blood is just on the basic side of neutral, it is ...
biochemistry1/18/2008
  Q: can you explain how the neutral pH7 is derived?
  A: The pH scale is a well known measure of pH, with acidic solutions having low values (pH<7) and basic ...
analytical chemistry1/17/2008
  Q: what are the things required when carryin out a research on the speciation of heavy metals in ...
  A: I think your best bet here is to find a procedure from a published paper. It should give you a list ...
Redox Chemistry versus Acid-Base Chemistry1/16/2008
  Q: I'm having trouble understanding the difference between Redox Chemistry and Acid-Base chemistry. For ...
  A: The difference between redox and acid-base chemistry is fairly straightforward. Redox reactions, or ...
What liquid is lighter than water?1/16/2008
  Q: Well, lets just say that I stopped taking Chemistry after grade 10 and I am currently 25. So could ...
  A: I'm trying to think of a liquid that will meet your description. Lighter than water = less dense ...
FLUORINE AND CHLORINE1/15/2008
  Q: KRISTIN, HELLO. DOES THE FLUORINE AND CHLORINE IN MUNICIPAL WATER EXIT THE WATER AND THEN ENTER ...
  A: Quick hint - take off the caps lock, some people might mis-interpret that as yelling! What your ...
amino acids1/14/2008
  Q: I would like to know how I could determine if beans has all 8 amino acids
  A: Beans are an excellent source of protein (molecules made up of amino acids). However, there are far ...
buffers1/13/2008
  Q: (i don't have background on the subject) Would a solution made by mixing HCl and NaOH be an ...
  A: The yes-or-no answer to your question is no. But more importantly, the reason that it won't be an ...
Enery Problem.1/13/2008
  Q: I came across an energy problem that looked like this: 2 O3 --> 3 O2 ...H = -427 O2 --> 2O ...
  A: I think this is an example of a question where they give you too much info to try and trick you! ...
capillary action1/12/2008
  Q: Will liquids with a high viscosity (thick liquids) rise higher or lower in a capillary tube? I did ...
  A: Capillary action is controlled by a number of things, not simply viscosity. I had to review this ...
chemistry1/11/2008
  Q: if an average atom of sulfur weighs 32.07 aum and how many sulfur atoms are contained in a sample ...
  A: This is a common type of problem, and you will encounter many like this in studying chemistry. One ...
chemistry1/10/2008
  Q: What are the properties of metals/ What are the properties of nonmentals?
  A: There are many ways of characterizing metals and non-metals. Chemically, metals lose electrons to ...
London dispersion force1/9/2008
  Q: How is it possible for Londodn dispersion force to exist? I understand that to form London ...
  A: For simplicity, I'm going to use atoms to describe this phenomenon, but the same thing applies to ...
Molecular shape1/9/2008
  Q: Please explain to me the reason and the name of molecules that have bent shape? How do chemists ...
  A: Sorry that it has taken a bit for me to get back to you. Your question deserves a thorough answer, ...
science1/9/2008
  Q: why are their millions of carbon compounds
  A: I can think of a few reasons. One, carbon is relatively abundant on earth. Two, and perhaps most ...
fractional crystallization1/7/2008
  Q: How can temperature change be used to accomplish fractional crystallization? I'm not sure this is ...
  A: I don't think that mass would be very helpful. But if you can determine the density of your ...
Trans Fats vs. Hydrogenated Plant Oils1/5/2008
  Q: In my chemistry class we were taught that trans fats were created by adding hydrogen atoms to ...
  A: You basically have this correct. When we hydrogenated unsaturated fats, trans-saturated fats are ...
fractional crystallization1/4/2008
  Q: How can temperature change be used to accomplish fractional crystallization? I'm not sure this is ...
  A: What the question appears to be asking is WHY fractional crystallization occurs. The answer has to ...
chemical reactions1/3/2008
  Q: how do i write a balaned eqation from this word equation? aqueous silver nitrate + copper metal ...
  A: This question is asking you to do a few things. First it wants you to write the species listed as ...
soda's carbonation12/31/2007
  Q: I looked at what you wrote about the carbonation of soda and how to see which one has the most but ...
  A: The carbonation in soda is from a gas called carbon dioxide. It is normally dissolved in the soda ...
Accuracy and Precision12/29/2007
  Q: How to calculate accuracy and precision of this data? 10, 7, 9, 9, 3, 8 Actual value is 6. i ask ...
  A: One way is to calculate the standard deviation of the data values for the precision, and compare the ...
indigo (dye) production12/28/2007
  Q: i'm currently doing a literature survey on indigo production (how indigo is made from ...
  A: I checked my book and it doesn't really provide much on indigo. I'm now not sure where I read about ...
indigo (dye) production12/27/2007
  Q: i'm currently doing a literature survey on indigo production (how indigo is made from ...
  A: Fascinating topic. Indigo is such an interesting natural product. The one thing that I need to ...
Oxygen in the Atmosphere12/20/2007
  Q: Kristin, My name is Zach and I'm writing a speech involving life on extra-solar planets. In my ...
  A: You have come across a reality of cutting-edge scientific research: scientists don't always agree. ...
Oxygen and Ozone (Trees and Mechanics)12/20/2007
  Q: How exactly do trees convert CO2 into O2? Could this process be emulated by a man made machine? also ...
  A: Trees and other plants use CO2 to make their 'food' through photosynthesis. O2 is actually just a ...
Science Project12/20/2007
  Q: Which container do you think will hold water hotter longer? Plastic, glass, or aluminum. where is ...
  A: I think you should focus your research on how those different materials conduct heat. There are ...
organic chemistry12/19/2007
  Q: i am trying to prepare iron edta chelated product with complete solubility ,but solubility test show ...
  A: From your description it is difficult to tell exactly what your problem is (no mention of the ...
Lewis structures12/17/2007
  Q: I am having difficulty understanding resonance forms. I got the impression from my professor that ...
  A: Resonance structures can be a bit confusing. It may be because resonance structures are a way of us ...
Solubility tables12/14/2007
  Q: I am attempting to find tables referencing the solubility of SO2 or HCL in DMF (N,N-dimethyl ...
  A: Hmm...I'm afraid that I am as well. I would check with the companies that sell these chemicals. ...
3rd grade activity: atoms & molecules12/13/2007
  Q: Kristin, I am the science coordinator for an elementary school, and the teachers have asked me to ...
  A: The difference between ionic and covalent bonds might be a bit advanced. I think just showing how ...
3rd grade activity: atoms & molecules12/11/2007
  Q: Kristin, I am the science coordinator for an elementary school, and the teachers have asked me to ...
  A: Ok, I think that doing two different types of molecules might be best. Solid, liquids and gases ...
HPLC12/8/2007
  Q: How many test sample injections should be injected in case of assay analysis by HPLC? Standard ...
  A: I'm not entirely sure what procedure you are looking for. First of all, with your standard, if you ...
school project12/6/2007
  Q: I am trying to find out which soda is more corrosive.Between Diet Dr.Pepper, Dr.Pepper, Fruit Punch, ...
  A: First you are going to want to select the type of material for the soda's to corrode. Metal? Tooth ...
dehydration/volume12/4/2007
  Q: Not sure who to ask this question of, but here goes. I know that the human body is mostly water and ...
  A: I can definitely appreciate the importance of a good visual aid! I'm just going to do some back of ...
DIESEL FUEL DENSITY12/4/2007
  Q: Should there be a significant difference in the density of diesel fuel when there is a difference of ...
  A: Not really, but it will change slightly. I guess it all depends on what you mean by significant. ...
Science fair project. HELP!!!11/14/2007
  Q: Does the growth of mold on bread increase or decrease the mass of the bread??? we need to know if ...
  A: Molds grow by absorbing food from the matrix that they grow on. So in this case, the mass of the ...
organic synthesis of an ester11/9/2007
  Q: in a organic synthesis of an ester, why we wash it with water and sodium carbonate solution? and why ...
  A: I'd have to see your procedure, but I think you are neutralizing the acid that is used in the ...
Soda fizz11/8/2007
  Q: Im doing a project on which soda contains the most fizz. To make my hypothesis I have to know that ...
  A: Hmm... this could be a tough one. The carbonation in soda is CO2, and it is dissolved in the soda ...
physical chemistry11/6/2007
  Q: why the standerd heat of formation of any element in its standerd state is taken as zero.
  A: sohrab, This is simply how we define the standard heat of formation. What we are generally ...
oxidation numbers11/4/2007
  Q: is the oxidation number the roman numerals only.
  A: The oxidation state is often given as the roman numerals, for example Fe(II) is iron in its 2+ ...
Water10/20/2007
  Q: Why does bottled water have an expiration date? I think it's three years from the bottling date.
  A: I believe that the reason is pure caution - it is very difficult to ensure that something is ...
Absorption of CO2 in the Ocean and It's effects on pH10/18/2007
  Q: I recently read something which claimed that the increased carbon dioxide absorbed in the oceans has ...
  A: I'm really glad you asked this question because it is an incredibly important, and not well ...
GENERAL CHEMISTRY10/16/2007
  Q: Just wondering if you could help me with this question. Metal weighs, 13.333g. If the volume of the ...
  A: You are trying to find the volume to use in the density formula, correct? Well, what you need to ...
empirical formula10/15/2007
  Q: I recently did a lab in my chem 101 class, on tin iodide. There was a part which required me to find ...
  A: An empirical formula gives you the ratio between elements in a molecule. For instance, water is H2O ...
calculating concentrations10/15/2007
  Q: my a-level teacher has been away recently, so we have had to try to work this subject out on our ...
  A: I had assumed that it had been covered based on the question that you have asked. It will be very ...
Chemistry Basics [I Think]10/11/2007
  Q: What is the mass of a mole of electrons? I need to know because I would like to know also how many ...
  A: First of all, let's talk about what a mole is. A mole is simply a unit of measurement, like a gram ...
Bleach Titration10/11/2007
  Q: the percentage of available chlorine (W/V) in the original bleach solution ? i used 0.06M , 13.4 ...
  A: What you need to do is first figure out what reactions are going on. In each step, what are the ...
calculating concentrations10/10/2007
  Q: my a-level teacher has been away recently, so we have had to try to work this subject out on our ...
  A: These are certainly more difficult problems. They require that you use equilibrium expressions to ...
chemical reaction10/10/2007
  Q: I posted a question concerning the reaction of water, bluing, ammonia & salt on a chunk of coal. I ...
  A: Yes, I responded with a question because I'm unfamiliar with bluing. I did some 'googling' and it ...
chemistry10/9/2007
  Q: How is this problem done: A certain volume of a 10% glucose solution contains 22.0g of glucose. What ...
  A: Well, this gets into a tricky area. The solution is 10% glucose, but is that measured by? Mass? ...
Salt and Sugar10/9/2007
  Q: I am a high school sophmore and my chemistry teacher has offered us a challenge. We need to ...
  A: Your question has perplexed me. I think I've heard of this before, but I can't remember the answer! ...
Acid Basr Titrations10/8/2007
  Q: I really need some help with this... I appreciate that it's quite long, but I am really stuck :) 1) ...
  A: There are two reasons I'm not going to answer your questions with numbers. (1) I'm not positive ...
tough chem problem10/7/2007
  Q: Would you be able to provide me with a little insight as to how to approach this problem? Hydrogen ...
  A: First determine what units your answer will ultimately be in. This will help you figure out where ...
Chem Question10/3/2007
  Q: For a homework question I had to balance this equation, Al (s) + NO3- (aq) + OH- (aq) + H2O --> ...
  A: Ok, I just did it out - so I know that it is possible. :) First, check to make sure that you have ...
Chemistry Problem10/3/2007
  Q: How do I solve this: How long would it take a radio wave with a frequency of 7.25 x 10^5 Hz to ...
  A: The first thing you need to ask yourself is, 'What kind of wave is this?' Is it a sound wave? An ...
Chem Question10/2/2007
  Q: For a homework question I had to balance this equation, Al (s) + NO3- (aq) + OH- (aq) + H2O --> ...
  A: Balancing equations can be frustrating. Especially when you think you have it and then realize that ...
Convert unite9/27/2007
  Q: I have a blood test of Vitamin D that has been measured in pg/ml and ng/ml and want to convert ...
  A: Conversions are some of the most messed up aspects of solving problems! And they are very ...
Oxidation numbers9/19/2007
  Q: Calculate the oxidation number of element combined with oxygen. ClO2 and N2O5.
  A: I'm not going to do it for you, but the way to calculate oxidation states is pretty easy. Here are ...
Magnisium oxide lab?9/14/2007
  Q: I'm a senior in high school. while i was trying to find a website that can help me w/ my lab i ...
  A: Well, this is a bit of a complex assignment! First of all - talk to your lab partner. I think that ...
Analytical Chem9/14/2007
  Q: I am given that the weight of copper in air is 25.296g and 22.388g in water(density of water = ...
  A: Well, I'm not sure what the 'weight in water' is referring too, but I bet that it is helping you ...
Separating Mixtures9/10/2007
  Q: I need to separate sawdust, sand, iron filings, copper strands, and salt. Things that will count ...
  A: Ok - first of all, you are right that the magnet will help you with the metal. But which one? Will ...
measurement of concentration of solutions9/5/2007
  Q: I'd like to know if there is any way or any equipment that can measure the concentration of ...
  A: There are lots of ways to measure the concentration of chemcial species in solution. The most ...
Chemistry Question9/4/2007
  Q: I have been doing these two problems for over an hour. I dont have a problem solving the other 18 ...
  A: Ok, I really can't answer these for you. What I can do is help you out and point you in the right ...
Solute molality9/4/2007
  Q: I am having a little trouble solving the following problem. Problem : A solute with a molar mass ...
  A: I believe you may be making this problem more difficult than it actually is. You are right, ...
Water=oxygen+hydrogen9/3/2007
  Q: I have a problem with finding the volume of the gases. My question is:" How many cubic meters (m^3) ...
  A: I'm not going to do the math for you, but I can help. This question requires you to know something ...
Organic Dye (powder)8/31/2007
  Q: my name is Adrian I'don't have idea what is organic dye, where I can find such dye. Anything can ...
  A: Organic dyes are pigments that are made of molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen bonds. This ...
why doesn't electrons get pulled into the nucleus?8/31/2007
  Q: why doesn't electrons get pulled into the nucleus? Aren't they oppisite charges and will thus ...
  A: This is a great question, and one that mystified scientists until the development of quantum theory. ...
what gives natural mineral water it's minerals?8/30/2007
  Q: We just went to Calistoga, California, famous for it's thermal mineral hot springs all over town. ...
  A: Natural water gets its minerals from the rocks and soils it flows through. So if groundwater is ...
Molecular Orbital8/29/2007
  Q: I'd like to ask where are the electrons pair in the nonbonding molecular orbital since the orbital ...
  A: Ok, I think I understand your question now. I'm going to start from the beginning, and hope that I ...
biology8/26/2007
  Q: what is the function of the amino acid ?
  A: It is difficult to answer this question because amino acids are used for so many different things! ...
saponification8/14/2007
  Q: i wonder why is alcoholic KOH used instead of aqueous KOH for the saponification process?
  A: It is a bit of a guess here, but it is quite possible that the products and/or reactants would not ...
organic7/31/2007
  Q: I have just started to study about organic chemistry I am at initial stages now
  A: Ok, SN1 means that it is a unimolecular substitution reaction where the rate limiting step is the ...
typing chemistry?...7/28/2007
  Q: Sorry, I have a really boring question, but I can't find the answer to it anywhere. I don't know ...
  A: Yes, there is a much easier way! Under 'Format' click 'Text' and in the box that pops up you should ...
Thanks7/26/2007
  Q: Kristin, for the first time I used as 'Sir', you said you are miss, sorry for that. You said call ...
  A: The Bohr theory about the structure of the atom was developed by Niels Bohr (hence the name) in ...
chemistry7/25/2007
  Q: why does benzene resist addition reactions and prefer substitution reaction? ANSWER: Hi Salman, If ...
  A: Ok, great! So, a long chain of carbon atoms with alternating double and single bonds is called a ...
chemistry7/25/2007
  Q: why does benzene resist addition reactions and prefer substitution reaction?
  A: If you think about what makes benzene so exceptionally stable you can easily understand this. ...
request7/24/2007
  Q: Sir, please teach me something about periodic table and characteristics of the group elements, what ...
  A: First of all - I'm not a sir, I'm a miss! :) For some reason there has been confusion about this, ...
Organic7/22/2007
  Q: Why is the number of resonance structures of an organic compound a measure of it's stability?
  A: Resonance structures are imaginary, so it is more of a guage of its stability rather than an actual ...
Ethanol concentration7/19/2007
  Q: Can you please explain how to calculate the molar concentration of ethanol in a solution. If, for ...
  A: Sure, I can explain how to calculate molar solutions. Since I don't know your chemistry background, ...
intro organic chem7/16/2007
  Q: We performed a lab today, and some of the results have boggled me. When silver nitrate (1%) in ...
  A: Ok, you have made me dredge up all of my college orgo reactions! Which is a good review for me. ...
conformation preference of alkanes7/13/2007
  Q: i was wondering why staggered conformation for alkanes is more favourable at lower temperatures. I ...
  A: I haven't thought about this in awhile, and I don't have my books with me, so you might want to ...
sour milk7/12/2007
  Q: My son is doing a project and we were wondering what is the chemical process that occurs when milk ...
  A: Litmus paper will definitely detect lactic acid. It responds to any acid, and works by responding ...
Heating7/11/2007
  Q: Does the heating of a substance automatically change its mass?
  A: The answer to your question is no. Mass cannnot be gained or loss through heating. We can check ...
sour milk7/11/2007
  Q: My son is doing a project and we were wondering what is the chemical process that occurs when milk ...
  A: Milk sours due to bacterial fermentation. This is similar to fermentation that occurs to make ...
seperation of mixtures7/8/2007
  Q: can u please tell me how can we seperate iodine and alcohol from the mixture of iodine and ethyl ...
  A: Iodine and ethyl alcohol have very different properties and so will respond differently to different ...
general chemistry7/3/2007
  Q: when nitric acid reacts with metals nitrogen dioxide is evolved if the acid is concentrated.why?
  A: Nitric acid is an oxidant, and it oxidizes the metals with which it comes into contact. It forms ...
chemistry for living7/3/2007
  Q: I'm wondering if you can name some great books on chemistry for non-chemists. There are two types ...
  A: I can't remember if I've given an answer for this, but if so I apologize for my repetition. If not, ...
chemistry for living7/3/2007
  Q: I'm wondering if you can name some great books on chemistry for non-chemists. There are two types ...
  A: I'm having trouble of thinking of some off the top of my head. I know of some books that handle ...
oxidation states7/2/2007
  Q: I have a question regarding oxidation states. Can elements have oxidation states in stable, ...
  A: Yes, absolutely! This is the whole idea behind redox chemistry! Energy production and use is all ...
biodiesel6/30/2007
  Q: Methanol and a strong base are used to convert animal and plant lipids to diesel fuel. The OH of ...
  A: Short answer: yes. However, currently methanol is cheaper to use than ethanol. Biodiesel is ...
chemistry6/18/2007
  Q: what dp the coefficients of a balanced chemical equation tell you
  A: The coefficients of a balanced reaction are very important. They tell you the proportion (or ratio) ...
Group VIII Elements6/17/2007
  Q: Having trouble with work... What is so special about the group VIII elements in terms of electron ...
  A: I'm not entirely sure that I understand what you mean. Are you talking about which orbitals the ...
Aluminium pans6/16/2007
  Q: Why does stewing rhubarb in aluminium pans leave pans clean and much shinier? Thanks!
  A: I'm stuck at my computer at the moment, and can't get to my food science books to check this, but ...
Group VIII Elements6/16/2007
  Q: Having trouble with work... What is so special about the group VIII elements in terms of electron ...
  A: Group VIII elements are often referred to as noble gasses. They do certainly have special ...
Why do ripe fruits - especially when canned - smell bad?6/11/2007
  Q: I notice that many fruits [excluding apples] emit foul odors when ripe. What chemicals are ...
  A: The smell of rotten eggs is certainly due to a sulfur compound, in this case hydrogen sulfide. ...
Why do ripe fruits - especially when canned - smell bad?6/10/2007
  Q: I notice that many fruits [excluding apples] emit foul odors when ripe. What chemicals are ...
  A: I think I know what odor you are talking about, though I'm not entirely sure. I don't think you ...
chemisty5/31/2007
  Q: I have to determine the percent by mass of BaCl2 and NaCl in a sample of sand. I am allowed to use ...
  A: This sounds a bit like a homework question, but I appreciate the fact that you ask 'how' you can ...
kiton5/26/2007
  Q: what is the meaning of acids
  A: In order to understand what an acid is, some basic chemistry is required. Don't be scared away, it ...
question5/25/2007
  Q: I'm researching a chemistry project for my biochemistry course, and my topic has to do with lead ...
  A: I'm not an inorganic chemist - so this really isn't my area of expertise. However, one of the most ...
similarities and differences5/23/2007
  Q: what are the similarities and differences between starch, glycogen and cellulose?
  A: The similarities are fairly easy - all three of these molecules are carbohydrates, that means that ...
H2O5/23/2007
  Q: O.k. Im making a flip book of H2 being poured into a container with O2 and producing H20. However ...
  A: That sounds really neat. I'm trying to think of anything else that you might want to show - and ...

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