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Civil Engineering/Degree Of Freedoms

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Expert: - 2/9/2010


Question
I need to know the Degree Of Freedoms of Shell Elements, Plate  Elements and Membrane  Elements.

With Regards.

Answer
Hi Tanveer,

This info is available in the ETABS help menus:

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Type options. A wall or slab section can have shell, membrane or plate-type behavior.

Shell-type behavior means that both in-plane membrane stiffness and out-of-plane plate bending stiffness are provided for the section.

Membrane-type behavior means that only in-plane membrane stiffness is provided for the section.

Plate-type behavior means that only out-of-plane plate bending stiffness is provided for the section.

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You can then change the behaviour by using stiffness modifiers as appropriate.

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Arshad Khan

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I can answer any questions to do with civil and structural engineering consultancy and construction industry in East Africa and the Middle East, and specifically with the analysis and design of reinforced concrete structures. My particular expertise is in the aseismic design and optimisation of tall buildings.

Experience

Employment history: 36 years in Construction and consultancy in the UK, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Ethiopia, Eritrea, South Africa, Somalia, Zambia, Austria, Bahrain, Kuwait, Doha and the U.A.E.

Organizations
.Fellow of Institution of Structural Engineers (UK) .Fellow of Institution of Civil Engineers(UK) .Member of the Institution of Engineers, Kenya .Registered Engineer, ERB, Kenya .Member of the Architectural Association of Kenya (Engineers Chapter) .Chartered Engineer (UK)

Publications
•1984: International Conference on the Art and Practice of Structural Design, London •1994: 3rd Int. Kerensky Conference in Structural Engineering, Singapore •2008: International Conference on High-Rise Towers, Abu Dhabi

Education/Credentials
BSc, 1st Class Hons, in Building Engineering, University of Bath, UK MSc in Concrete Structures and Technology, University of London. Diploma of Imperial College, UK.

Awards and Honors
•Science Congress Special Award (for 2-seater Hovercraft - 1968) •Institution of Civil Engineers Award for outstanding performance at Bath University (1975) •Concrete Society Postgraduate study Bursary Award (1976) •Consular Representative for British High Commission, Nairobi. (1995 to 1998) •Examiner for Institution of Civil Engineers Professional Interviews, Nairobi. (1997 to 1998) •Branch Representative in Vienna for PI assessment for Inst. of Struct. Engrs. (1999 to date)

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