AllExperts > Civil Engineering 
Search      
Civil Engineering
Volunteer
Answers to thousands of questions
 Home · More Civil Engineering Questions · Question Library  · Free Encyclopedia ·
More Civil Engineering Answers
Question Library

Ask a question about Civil Engineering
Volunteer
Experts of the Month
Expert Login

Awards

About Us
Tell friends
Link to Us
Disclaimer

 
 
 
About Arshad Khan
(Top Expert on this page)

Expertise
I can answer any questions to do with engineering consultancy and construction industry in East Africa and the Middle East, and specifically with the analysis and design of reinforced concrete structures. My particular expertise is in the aseismic design and optimisation of tall buildings.

Experience
Employment history: 33 years in Construction and consultancy in UK, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Ethiopia, Eritrea, South Africa, Somalia, Austria, Bahrain and the U.A.E.

Organizations: Fellow of Institution of Structural Engineers (UK), Fellow of Institution of Civil Engineers(UK),Registered Engineer Kenya, Chartered Engineer (UK)

Publications: Proceedings of 2 International Conferences; Education: BSc, MSc, D.I.C.

   

You are here:  Experts > Science > Civil Engineering > Civil Engineering

Questions Answered By Expert  Arshad Khan 
In Category  Civil Engineering

SubjectDate Asked

Large Opening in Flat Slab11/21/2009
  Q: Is it possile to provide a cutting of 1200 mm dia in a flatslab for the purpose of spiral staircaase ...
  A: You are not clear on whether this is in an existing slab or one that is being designed. In either ...
core cutting test11/21/2009
  Q: what is the criteria for core cutting test.? on how many days test result this is recommended .? ...
  A: The strength gain after 28 days depends on several factors, including method and length of curing, ...
core cutting test11/20/2009
  Q: what is the criteria for core cutting test.? on how many days test result this is recommended .? ...
  A: Yes, you can cut cores anytime after 7-14 days (so long as concrete is hard enough not to ...
Temperature analysis in R.C.C. building11/17/2009
  Q: this is Ravi Shankar, please tell me that what are the process of Temperature analysis in ETABS ...
  A: If your building does not have very stiff columns or shear walls, then the temperature analysis may ...
How to construct domes using etabs11/16/2009
  Q: Mr.Arshad Khan I am an undergraduate student and I have a project that includes the design of a ...
  A: The procedure is as I described in my answer above. In addition, you can visit the CSI website and ...
Basement Walls, plinth beams11/15/2009
  Q: I hope that you are fine and keeping good. My questions are 1) We provide beams at plinth level all ...
  A: UBC makes the recommendation you have quoted as these members, when cracked, lead to higher ...
Basement Walls, plinth beams11/14/2009
  Q: I hope that you are fine and keeping good. My questions are 1) We provide beams at plinth level all ...
  A: The effect of plinth beams on lateral stiffness/deflection depends a lot on the geometry (e.g. depth ...
flat slab and flat plate11/14/2009
  Q: 1-What are the methods and applications of the flat slab and flat plate in Bahrain? 2- What are the ...
  A: Flat slabs in Bahrain are either plain RC or post-tensioned. The latter are more economical for ...
Basement Walls, plinth beams11/14/2009
  Q: I hope that you are fine and keeping good. My questions are 1) We provide beams at plinth level all ...
  A: 1. If the plinth beams are contributing to lateral stiffness of the frames, then include them in the ...
etabs wall design11/14/2009
  Q: How I will get the reinforcement for a wall after the analysis and design?thanking you.
  A: This procedure is a bit long to describe over this medium, but if you refer to the manuals provided ...
Fireproofing of steel buildings11/13/2009
  Q: can u plz guide me that in which cases we make our building fireproof with reference to steel ...
  A: Fire ratings are determined in accordance with local authority regulations and so you need to refer ...
Column Loading11/12/2009
  Q: while doing analysing a G+1 villa,I do not need major moment or shear transfer to a particular ...
  A: Changing the rebar distribution will make little difference. You can alter the load-paths by ...
structural design11/11/2009
  Q: is it possible to provide a column of size 150x700 in a G+1 villa ? thanking you,
  A: Only if it is a very lightly loaded column (in fact this could be classified as an RC wall), and you ...
Foundations in swamps11/10/2009
  Q: What type of Foundation would you choose to erect a water tower that is being placed on concrete ...
  A: A raft would be adviseable, as swamps can have soft ground, and the raft will spread the pressure ...
Final Year project topics11/9/2009
  Q: ..could u suggest me some latest structural engg project topics... i m more interested in some ...
  A: This is such a wide subject- it could any of the following: 1. High strength concrete 2. ...
In some portion of beam decreasing the effective Cover will effect the strength of beam?11/9/2009
  Q: Here in our project some portion of roof inverted beam has to chipped off to fix the purlins(Inorder ...
  A: If the portion of concrete you have chipped off is in the compression zone (e.g. mid-span of a ...
Construction demolition11/8/2009
  Q: arshad could you give me some advice and procedures about the method of demolition apart of ...
  A: Without knowing the details it is difficult to advise, but basically for a hordy slab system that ...
Final Year project in Kenya11/7/2009
  Q: I am final a year Civil Engineering student in Kenya, and am not sure which project I should choose ...
  A: Jambo Eick, This is not quite my area of expertise, but knowing the problems of urban cities in ...
Etabs (Perimeter beam for flat plate)11/7/2009
  Q: I am now modeling a 5 Storey car building (flat plate system with perimeter beam). I notice that the ...
  A: Yes, what you assume is correct- if the slab is quite stiff in relation to the beam, then it will ...
Supports under Raft(Etabs)11/7/2009
  Q: I hope that you are fine and keeping good ! I was reading an etabs design manual of Atkins and it ...
  A: If you have access to the Atkins Stroogle website, you will see the full arguments there for and ...
civil engineer11/6/2009
  Q: what are some advantages and disadvantages of a civil engineer?
  A: I presume you enquire about a career in civil engineering? If so, the advantages are that you will ...
stay plates11/5/2009
  Q: plz explain what are stay plates and how their spacing is decided ? regards thanks in advance
  A: These are stiffener plates either at the ends or along the lengths of I-beams, H-columns or ...
ETABS questions11/5/2009
  Q: I want a pdf file of reinforced concrete building by using ETABS,i don't clear it's tutorial.
  A: Your query is not very clear to me. I presume you are looking for an input file (EDB file) for a RC ...
ETABS Section Cuts11/4/2009
  Q: I defined the section cut by providing (x,y) coordinates. how can I view the section cut? thanking ...
  A: many of the questions you ask me about ETABS can be answered by simply going to the help menu, such ...
structural design11/2/2009
  Q: 1.I would like to clarify.while I'm doing modelling in etabs,I'm not providing any kind of freedom ...
  A: 1. You can consider them fixed, but with property modifiers to simulate cracked sections for ...
Assessing a new house11/2/2009
  Q: Good day sir, Please how do i assess a new house for soundness of Civil, structural, electrical, ...
  A: You really need to consult an estate agent/surveyor for a detailed list, but these websites should ...
Relation between the thickness of a wall and its length11/2/2009
  Q: If I consider a dam that is 10 meters in height then the pressure at the bottom of the dam will be ...
  A: This depends on which type of dam wall you are designing- an arch dam or a gravity dam or a ...
Anchoring in RCC10/31/2009
  Q: I have to anchor a roof truss in an existing RCC Beam.. (this is an issue it self ) So the problem ...
  A: There is no drawing attached, but in any case you should not just rely on an adhesive as that can ...
Flat slab design of tall building10/30/2009
  Q: Refer to the question and your answer at ...
  A: Yes, your approach can work so long as you do not intend the slabs to be fully-fixed to the core ...
cantilever slabs10/28/2009
  Q: Can you please tell me about cantilever slab. Like what are it's adnavtages, where to provide ...
  A: The main advantage is that you can have a column-free zone for movement and views below the slab. ...
Horrizontal Stirrups for Beam Bracket10/28/2009
  Q: I am working as a Quantity surveyor over here in Abu Dhabi. I am confused with Horizontal Stirrups ...
  A: Horizontal stirrups are normally provided for brackets and corbels to resisit the tensile forces ...
Point load on load bearing wall10/28/2009
  Q: |I have a 9 M by 9 M hall with only external load bearing wall. To divide the slab inside I have ...
  A: Yes, so long as the contact pressure does not exceed the capacity of the load-bearing blocks and ...
structural design10/27/2009
  Q: thanx so much for your presence sir.I would like to get clarified on following 1.upto howmany floors ...
  A: 1. This depends on the slenderness and natutal frequency of the building as well as local codes. In ...
structural eng10/15/2009
  Q: Sir, In R.C building demolition/renovation how can one demolish groundfloor columns to create a ...
  A: This is a complex and potentially dangerous proposition, as the only way you can do it safely is to ...
Concrete tesing thesis10/11/2009
  Q: My name is Ernst and I'm a final year Civil Engineering student, I just received my thesis topic ...
  A: There is a lot of material available on the internet, if you google the subject (such as ...
structural design10/10/2009
  Q: Is it possible to rotate a column (eg.500x200) to 90 deg. in the above floor from its position in ...
  A: This is a major change in size, as the only common area is 200X200, so I would say it will be ...
solid slab shear10/9/2009
  Q: why solid slab have no stirrups
  A: This is mainly because shear in solid slabs is evenly distributed at the beam/wall supports and is ...
Spring Stiffness & Subgrade Modulus10/8/2009
  Q: how can I convert soil bearing cappacity to area springs ? thanking you....
  A: This is dependant on the soil type and its level of compaction. You normally get subgrade modulus ...
Expansion joints in structures10/8/2009
  Q: when the length of structure(buildings) exceeds certain limit, then expansion joint is provided, ...
  A: If the foundations are good and you do not have any problems with differential settlement, then you ...
Expansion joints in Water retaining structures10/5/2009
  Q: Sir, Do we need to insist expansion joints in walls or base slab for an RCC Ground water reservoir ...
  A: If the design takes care of all stresses caused due to temperature variations, and if you take care ...
rcc slab10/4/2009
  Q: How should the slabs in multi-storey rcc frame structure( buildings of four to five storey) be ...
  A: If it is possible to provide continuity rebar across two adjacent slab panels, then that is the ...
striuups10/4/2009
  Q: please explain me the difference of 4 legged,6 legged %26 8 legged stirrups with sketch must
  A: You can have 4, and 6-leg stirrups, but these are normally in wider beams, otherwise there would be ...
senior project dissertation topic10/3/2009
  Q: this is last year in B.Sc Civil Engineering in Bahrain. I am looking for a nice topic for my senior ...
  A: Yes, you have the correct approach. For case studies, you could use the Bahrain WTC (with the wind ...
senior project dissertation topic10/3/2009
  Q: this is last year in B.Sc Civil Engineering in Bahrain. I am looking for a nice topic for my senior ...
  A: I would recommend that you go for subject 3 (Green Building Costs) as that is very topical at the ...
Moment magnification factor from ETABS10/2/2009
  Q: How can I get the value of moment magnification factor from ETABS? If I do P-delta analysis does it ...
  A: Yes, ETABS does calculate magnification factors and includes these in the output. This applies ...
etaabs10/1/2009
  Q: While doing analysis in etaabs ,Is it better to consider analysis property modification factors for ...
  A: Visit this website and scroll up to section 10.11.1 and you will see all the factors. ...
etaabs9/30/2009
  Q: While doing analysis in etaabs ,Is it better to consider analysis property modification factors for ...
  A: This depends what you are analysing for- in simple terms, if it is for wind loading, you can use 1, ...
Spacings of expansion joints in Gulf Region9/28/2009
  Q: I was told that due to extreme variations in temperature in a day (night time and day time in 1 ...
  A: As far as I know, there are only guidelines, not strict requirements. However, some local ...
Spacings of expansion joints in Gulf Region9/28/2009
  Q: I was told that due to extreme variations in temperature in a day (night time and day time in 1 ...
  A: The daily range is around 15-20 deg C, and the maximum recommended spacing of joints is around 50m. ...
Inclined RCC columns9/26/2009
  Q: Due to architectural requirements I have requirement of providing an inclined column. can you please ...
  A: You have asked me this question before and I answered it on 16th March as follows: The main ...
core wall design9/26/2009
  Q: What is the max.opening that can be provided in a corewall for the design of multistoried ...
  A: This depends on the aspect ratio of the opening in relation to the core wall, but in any case you ...
Retaining Wall Cracks9/25/2009
  Q: sir i am doing project of building size 120.0mts*80.0mts .height of the slab is 4.50mt.the building ...
  A: Based on the limited info you have given, this sounds like an under-design of the retaining ...
interview9/24/2009
  Q: Q: How much does a civil engineer get paid? Q: What is your job title? Q: Why did you decide to ...
  A: My job title is Director of Structures. The starting salary for a graduate in UK would be around GBP ...
Wind & Seismic Loading9/23/2009
  Q: sir, Do we need to consider the earthquake load and wind load analysis for a G+6 building? how many ...
  A: Wind loading should be considered for all buildings, as depending on location/exposure, even single ...
high school interview project9/23/2009
  Q: I need to interview a civil engineer for my high school class, because it might be a field of work ...
  A: These are far too many questions for me to answer in detail, but I have been asked similar questions ...
Cantilever / Supported Balcony Loads, Moments & Forces9/17/2009
  Q: I am currently studying for a distance learning HND in construction and am having serious headaches ...
  A: This is quite an involved question, but you can break it down into steps and do the following: 1. ...
box culvert9/17/2009
  Q: i am trying to analysis the twin box culvert that is subjected to wheel loads.I want to know how to ...
  A: This is normally designed on basis of an influence line (moving loads, like for bridges), but you ...
Building High-rise9/16/2009
  Q: how we build a multi storied building
  A: This is a complex subject but you will get some guidance from this website: ...
scope in civil engg.9/16/2009
  Q: i'm doing my b.tech civil engg. 1st sem. from tezpur univ.i am not sure about it's ...
  A: Without knowing the local market, I would say that if you enjoy your subjects, then stick with the ...
Concrete strength9/15/2009
  Q: Salams, Is there any methods to increase the strength of the concrete after concrete is poured. ...
  A: If it is freshly poured, then good curing methods can ensure that you get the best possible ...
concrete9/10/2009
  Q: Arshad Khan recently we have a serious problem in executing of pedestals which is creating bubbles ...
  A: Yes, this can be a serious problem especially if the pedestals have rebar embebbed, which can ...
Rebar Cranking9/10/2009
  Q: "The starter bar location for column was out of alignment about 30 - 40mm, then cranking of rebar is ...
  A: The slope is independant of diameter of bar, as it is the resultant horizontal component of ...
moment9/9/2009
  Q: i am trying to figure out what a moment from an engineering stand point is and can u plz give me 3 ...
  A: A moment is the internal coupling force (or stress) created within a member due to external loading. ...
Combined Footing9/9/2009
  Q: I am designing a foundation made up of a four beams connected together. size of beams 6.85m x 0.85m ...
  A: You need to obtain the modulus of sub-grade reaction and use this to form the spring-stiffnesses for ...
about final year project9/1/2009
  Q: I m a student of B.E.(civil) from latur and I need your help for my final year project topics ...
  A: If you are seeking ideas for topics, then here are a few: 1. High strength concrete 2. Sustainable ...
civil engineering9/1/2009
  Q: Sir, please simply tell me the difference of Deep ruled pointing, Tuck pointing and Flush Pointing
  A: I am not an expert in blockwork, but from what I can make out, these are terms for how one finishes ...
footing8/31/2009
  Q: I am designing a footing whick looks like an inverted L-shape. what is the way of designing such a ...
  A: Assuming that the ground at the inside corner of the L remains intact and that the vertical drop of ...
windmills8/31/2009
  Q: I am trying to make a windmill. Please look at my sketch. Can you think of an answer to my two ...
  A: This is not quite my area of expertise, but having looked at your sketch, the answers are: 1. Yes, ...
stirrups shape8/31/2009
  Q: i am working as a consultant engineer.we are following the stirrups (shear links)ends should bent ...
  A: The 45 degree bend is a requirement for structural ductility detailing for seismic zones. As the old ...
the effect of cantilever in dynamic analyzing7/18/2009
  Q: in my project there is along cantilever so when i analyzed the model usin dynamic anlyzing i noticed ...
  A: It seems that your cantilever is actually a slab varying in span. If the maximum span is 4m and the ...
RCC footing7/7/2009
  Q: i have to design isolated footings of columns which are 10mm apart from each other because of ...
  A: In this case, you should not take the joint through the footing- in fact you can stop the movement ...
structural design7/6/2009
  Q: Could you advise a site that which describes the manual analysing and design of posttensioned slabs ...
  A: Please study this book- it will answer 95% of the questions you have been asking me about RCC and ...
diagonal reinforcement7/6/2009
  Q: Could you please advice what is the importance of the diagonal reinforcement in the outside corners ...
  A: This depends on the size of the opening in relation to the span of the slab and also on the location ...
SAP2000 & ETABS7/5/2009
  Q: Which types of structures preferable to do in SAAP rather than Etaabs.Can I analyse and design ...
  A: Firstly, these software are called SAP2000 and ETABS and you get full details of their capabilities ...
Actual detail of connections7/4/2009
  Q: good day sir! I'm a new civil engineer, just want to ask the actual structural details of fixed, ...
  A: If the rebar from column is bent over and has full anchorage into the beam, then that can be ...
structural design7/4/2009
  Q: While designing underground water tanks,Is it preferable to do in SAAP as etaabs cannot do that ...
  A: That is simple- depending on the number of wall elements for the height, just do manual calculations ...
Punching7/2/2009
  Q: I have 2 opening adjacent to a column in flat slab. Please advice how to check the Punching safety. ...
  A: That depends on the width of the openings compared to the width of the column. If the latter is ...
Pad Foundation design7/1/2009
  Q: I am designing a pipe bridge across a river. I need to calculate the area of the footing for the Pad ...
  A: The 1:600 slope is insignificant. Moments will be incurred orthogonal to the axis of the pipe, as I ...
Design for Thermal Stressess7/1/2009
  Q: Arshad, Thanks for your reply of my first query in this forum regarding braced & unbraced columns. ...
  A: If there is no chance of bracing the column (or any part of the building), then you can cast on the ...
Pad Foundation design6/30/2009
  Q: I am designing a pipe bridge across a river. I need to calculate the area of the footing for the Pad ...
  A: Assuming that the pipe is straight, without any bends near the pad footings, then you do not need to ...
40' Tall Retaining Wall6/29/2009
  Q: . This is an emergency.. can you please tell me how to design a 40' high cantilever retaining wall.. ...
  A: Without knowing details of what you are retaining (properties of soil, ground water level, ...
Braced & Unbraced Column in RCC Structure6/29/2009
  Q: Mr. Arshad, Pleas see below my query: If a 400x400 RCC column is connected to 350x600 deep beams ...
  A: 1. Yes, it can be considered braced against rotation, but not sway unless the whole building is ...
Spring Stiffness & Subgrade Modulus6/28/2009
  Q: what is the relation between spring stiffness and subgrade modulus?thanking you..
  A: Assuming your units are the same, then subgrade modulus per m2 can be converted to spring stiffness ...
Container Design6/27/2009
  Q: I hope that you are fine. I have to design a container that has to be used as an office. but i dont ...
  A: If you are talking about a standard shipping container, then that is strong enough to act as an ...
Vierendeel truss6/25/2009
  Q: Regarding Vierendeel trusses, are the chords and braces typically constructed with the exact same ...
  A: Not necessarily, but they may be due to ease of making the connections. The welds should be full ...
safe6/25/2009
  Q: Thanx so much as my colleague already asked the question that I have sent before and I got ...
  A: I can tell from your question that you do not understand the basic principles of flat slab analysis ...
Structural Beam6/24/2009
  Q: ..My name is Zairul..how is the better way to joint the new concrete stump(using for membrane ...
  A: As membrane structures have high tension forces, you have 2 options: 1. Use one or a pair of steel ...
SAFE Deflections6/23/2009
  Q: Sir, In the elastic deformed shape got from safe after analysing a slab, the values are ( max.0.000 ...
  A: This depends on the span and the amount of rebar that you have detailed. Deflection itself is not an ...
slab failure6/23/2009
  Q: What may be the causes for the failure of 2way rcc slab?, slab is fallen down and cracks are also ...
  A: This could be due to several reasons or combination of reasons, such as: 1. Insufficient thickness ...
RCC slab & beam depths6/22/2009
  Q: what should be the thickness of a slab beam of a one floor house.
  A: You have not given enough details to advise properly, but as a rule of thumb, any simply-supported ...
SAFE Analysis6/22/2009
  Q: while doing slab design in safe,which kind of analyzing that I should choose normal,normal cracked ...
  A: In most cases normal is fine. Cracked is used where you have long spans/shallow slabs and deflection ...
RCC Column/Beam Joint Rebar Detailing6/22/2009
  Q: In RCC space frameS, the Beam-Column joint at the discontinuous end; if we provide hooks using the ...
  A: Based on the detailing in the picture, the joint will not be fully-fixed, nor a full hinge- it will ...
Geotechnical6/19/2009
  Q: Sir, I am a graduate in Civil Engineering and working as a design Consultant in Power industry.Now ...
  A: The decision really depends on what interests you more- statics and analysis (and seeing actaul ...
expasion joint6/18/2009
  Q: is any expansion joint or construction joint required in a RCC flat slab, span about 62m X 100m for ...
  A: Yes, you should have at least on expansion joint to break the 100m into 50m. If no expansion joint ...
RCC beam load Capacity6/18/2009
  Q: Sir, there are 2 Coloums of size 9" by 12" which are 17 ft apart and there is a RCC Beam of size 9" ...
  A: I order to determine that, you need to know the class of concrete and the amount of main and shear ...
Precast and Pretensioned slabs6/17/2009
  Q: Could you advise me the principle for the precaste slab? Is it same as the pretensioned slab? what ...
  A: Precast slabs mean that they are made in factories or on site in relatively small sections that can ...
General SBC in Tanzania regions6/17/2009
  Q: What is the General Soil Bearing Capacity in Tanzania regions
  A: That depends on location, as it can vary from 100 kN/m2 to 400 kN/m2 in soils, and even up to ...
About Stirrups6/16/2009
  Q: Sir I am working as a quantity surveyor in Muscat.Now I have one doubt about stirrups. When I am ...
  A: You can have 4-leg and 6-leg stirrups, but these are normally in wider beams, otherwise there would ...
ETABS Energy Work Diagrams6/16/2009
  Q: Could you give me an idea regarding relative work/volume diagram from etaabs model?what is this ...
  A: This is not normally to do with stability but with deflection control and is a way of look at the ...
cranking of rebars6/16/2009
  Q: What is the tolerance for rebar cranking if my starter bars for columns or RC wall are found out of ...
  A: This depends partly on how stressed the compression rebar is during service- the higher the stress ...
etaabs6/15/2009
  Q: while supporting a beam on a cantilever portion whether we need to release the end joint of the beam ...
  A: This depends on the relative sizes and spans and loading on both the cantilever and the secondary ...
Atterberg Limits and Foundation Design6/14/2009
  Q: Do Atterberg limits have any impact on foundation design? If so, what are the parameters to be ...
  A: Yes, they do, particularly for pile design. Please see the website below for a detailed explanation: ...
Civil Engineer6/14/2009
  Q: Sir a 120 year old stone building have a problem of dampness.dampness is raising 8ft on wall.what is ...
  A: The most probably reason for dampness is either that the original damp-proof course (DPC) has ...
Extension to exsisting structure6/14/2009
  Q: I have a G+1 building 10years old with an open terrace they want to extend and use the terrace.Hence ...
  A: You have not given enough info to advise properly, but basically you need to assess if the ...
need ur advise regarding civil engineering6/13/2009
  Q: Respected sir my name is zeeshan saeed i have done my civil engineering in 2005 from pakistan then ...
  A: I would suggest that either you go for a refresher course at your local University, or else look for ...
Foundation Depth6/13/2009
  Q: in filled areas where the soil is viberated and 600mm compacted highly what will be the depth of ...
  A: This depends on the bearing capacity compared with applied pressure, but generally you need to be ...
Prestressed Concrete6/13/2009
  Q: 1.How we can design a post tensioned slab .what are the criteria in design to be followed? 2.is it ...
  A: Post-tensioning is simply to apply pre-stress after casting & curing concrete, and prestressed ...
Concrete flat plate6/12/2009
  Q: Given: A flat plate slab of 25 cm thick ,fc 30 mpa span ,clear span 690 cm ,both direction,supported ...
  A: This depends on the number and location of columns- if it is just one column at the centre and the ...
safe6/8/2009
  Q: while designing slab in safe (exporting from etaabs) while seing the punching shear its always ...
  A: Without seeing the model it is difficult for me to advise, but if you are concerned about any ...
designing a beamm6/6/2009
  Q: how to design a beam abd how we know if the beam is the most critical beam
  A: You work out the loading on the beam and then from that the internal forces (bending moments, shear, ...
structural design6/6/2009
  Q: 1.In safe while designing raft slab Is any provision for entering soil bearing capacity rather than ...
  A: 1. No, because the capacity has no relationship to soil stiffness as far as SAFE is concerned. 2. ...
Class 40 concrete6/4/2009
  Q: what is the ratio and strength of class 40 concrete. Also which are the areas or under what ...
  A: This depends on the type of aggregate and cement and additives, but the following website will give ...
HELICAL STAIR CASE6/3/2009
  Q: i have a helical stair case with 176^ total angle subtended by the helix the internal diameter of ...
  A: Just design the section of stair that is in contact with the first floor slab as a wide beam, with ...
Design of Pile Cap as Pier Cap6/3/2009
  Q: we are in the process of designing a at the grade bridge over a water body. In this case we are ...
  A: I cannot do actual designs for you but just give advice. I would say that in principle there is no ...
doubts regarding plinth beams6/3/2009
  Q: Mr. Arshad khan Asslamalaikum I am constructing a house in India and construction is going on I am ...
  A: In principe plinth (or tie) beams between pads are only required if: 1. You expect differential ...
Beam design5/13/2009
  Q: Please, I want to know whether the position of the slab affects the effective depth. i.e. is the ...
  A: The effective depth of a beam is increased if the slab is in the compression side of the beam, when ...
RC Cantilevers5/13/2009
  Q: 1.what is the max span of a cantilever beam that can be designed?is any limitation regarding this ...
  A: 1. You can design any span, so long as you take care of long term deflections- so the span/depth ...
RCC design5/13/2009
  Q: i wants to know building design ,RCC structur design like foundation base, columns, slab etc. with ...
  A: This is a complex subject which you will need to learn by instruction or self-study. These sites ...
Column Structure & design5/12/2009
  Q: From what depth should I start my columns for a three storey building.L=40" B=12" H=34" in Surat ...
  A: Water depth is not a major criteria, but the ground conditions is what determines depth- so, without ...
Flat Slab5/12/2009
  Q: Due to restricted hieght, I am asked to Design a Flat slab System. I have never designed it ...
  A: This is complicated if you do not have a regular grid of supports and the only way is to use a 3-D ...
Column Structure & design5/11/2009
  Q: From what depth should I start my columns for a three storey building.L=40" B=12" H=34" in Surat ...
  A: I presume your dimensions are in feet and not inches (")? Anway, the depth of foundation is ...
civil engineering5/10/2009
  Q: which type of foundation should be preferred in ordinary houses?
  A: That depends on the ground conditions. If the ground is weak or likely to result in uneven ...
honeycombs in concrete5/8/2009
  Q: we are doing post tensioning for a slab.After concreting the slab we realise there are honeycombs at ...
  A: You can repair this by ensuring all loose aggregate is removed and then using a bonding agent such ...
designe bridge of pipe rack5/6/2009
  Q: I have problem that seems you can help me to solve . I want to design bridges for pipe rack.But i do ...
  A: I am not sure I understand your question too well, but for wind loading on an open lattice structure ...
cracks in concrete5/6/2009
  Q: Can you advise me ,for the remedial measures if cracks are seen in RCC structures and the bars are ...
  A: What you need to do is remove the concrete cover and expose the corroded rebar. Remove all loose ...
deflection results in staadpro5/6/2009
  Q: do i have to check global or local deflection for the members. please help! ANSWER: Hi Anees, ...
  A: In your case, the overall deflection of the slabs is a critical servicibility criterion (for example ...
deflection results in staadpro5/6/2009
  Q: do i have to check global or local deflection for the members. please help!
  A: This depends on the nature of the structure and what you are trying to check. For example, for a ...
raft footing5/2/2009
  Q: my question is that what parameter are used to design the thickness of the raft footing and what is ...
  A: A raft foundation is designed like an upside-down flat slab, with the upwards subgrade reactions ...
clear-span load capacity4/30/2009
  Q: Mr. Khan, I am the owner of an older home which has had several upgrades performed over the years. I ...
  A: What you are proposing is feasible, but you will really need a local structural engineer to study ...
splices in rolled steel sections4/30/2009
  Q: i have a steel H beam around 600mm deep spanning more than 12m, which is the normally available ...
  A: There are two common ways of splicing: 1. Welding, using full penetration butt welds. 2. Bolting- ...
Combined foundation4/27/2009
  Q: I am trying to design a combined footing (slab and 2 plinths). how do I find the centre of gravity ...
  A: Yes, that is a simple case of using first principles by taking moments about the edge of the base ...
Structural Steel Connections4/25/2009
  Q: I want to know the detailing we do for steel to steel connection in Steel Buildings and sheds, and ...
  A: Visit these sites and you will have a lot of useful links/images: ...
Combined foundation4/24/2009
  Q: I am trying to design a combined footing (slab and 2 plinths). how do I find the centre of gravity ...
  A: I don't know if you got the signs right- are you saying that 400kN is downwards and 200 kN is ...
Tutorial on foundation design4/23/2009
  Q: I am looking for tutorial lessons regarding foundation design. I was not able to practice for a long ...
  A: It is admirable that you wish to learn the basics rather than blindly use software. I regret to say, ...
Project4/22/2009
  Q: Name a few projects you've worked on and what role did you play in the project?
  A: These are some of the projects: 1. Textile Mill in Tanzania- lead structural engineer 2. Water ...
Cylinder and Cube Strengths4/14/2009
  Q: what is the relation between test results are obtained from cylindrical specimen & rect angular ...
  A: You need to be careful as to which codes the concrete is referring to. If it is to the old codes, ...
Cylinder and Cube Strengths4/13/2009
  Q: what is the relation between test results are obtained from cylindrical specimen & rect angular ...
  A: Generally a cylinder test strength is between 5% and 25% less than a cube test strength for a given ...
Notional Loads4/13/2009
  Q: in AISC05 ASD and LRFD, when adding the notional loads to the structure, the code states to add the ...
  A: This is not a code I am familiar with, but from what I can make out, notional loads need to be ...
etaabs4/12/2009
  Q: Can we do eccentric connection between column and beam in etaabs? thanx so much.
  A: The answers to many of the questions you are asking me on ETABS are readily available in the help ...
Modelling Base Fixity Conditions4/12/2009
  Q: which would be the better way of assumption for the support conditon while modelling either pinned ...
  A: This depends on a few variables- whether it is high-rise (in this case either is fine as it makes ...
etaabs4/11/2009
  Q: while doing auto mesh in slab in etaabs I'm getting a warning like 'check ...
  A: Ravi, It is diffucult to comment without seeing the model. I suggest you send it to support at CSI ...
structural details4/11/2009
  Q: i need to construct a building 25 feet wide, 45 feet long & 15 feet clear height inside, no columns ...
  A: You have not given me enough info to advise you- for example, will the building be in RC or steel, ...
Rebar Sizes Etabs4/9/2009
  Q: . I hope that you are keeping welll. My question is that we can define/edit rebar sizes in etabs.. ...
  A: This is from the ETABS help menu: Reinforcement Bar Sizes Form: Reinforcing Bar Sizes Define the ...
etaabs4/8/2009
  Q: thanx so much for your valuable support always.In Etaabs 1.whether we need 2 add ground floor slab ...
  A: 1. If the ground slabs are ground-bearing, rather than suspended, then there is no need to model ...
Rebar Sizes Etabs4/8/2009
  Q: . I hope that you are keeping welll. My question is that we can define/edit rebar sizes in etabs.. ...
  A: This feature is there because ETABS may not allocate the best size/distribution of rebar that is ...
Rcc Design4/7/2009
  Q: Salam I am M. Zeesha From Pakistan DAE Civil Quantity Surveyor "What is the logic of Extra Bars at ...
  A: This is because the bending moment diagram is such that you will have maximum tension at the bottom ...
window cleaning equipment of roof slabs4/7/2009
  Q: precast people refused to design slabs to accommodate for the window cleaning equipment load ...
  A: In this case you need to design the slab to carry patch loads (under footprint of the pad), and you ...
Openings in RC beams4/6/2009
  Q: i have 1000 mm x 300 mm beam (10 meter long) in first floor in 35 story building. This is well ...
  A: This depends on whether you have any concentrated loads- if it is mainly UDL, then the safest place ...
Stepped foundation4/6/2009
  Q: we have a steep road that in top and the bottom of it are single footing,what is your opinion for ...
  A: You have not given me enough information, but in principle such a foundation should be done in a ...
Steel Structures4/6/2009
  Q: 1.Can you please tell me why we use Stiffner plates apart from the apparent meaning how can I decide ...
  A: 1. This website has all the info you need: http://euler9.tripod.com/bolt-database/22.html 2. ...
Column Lateral Ties Design4/6/2009
  Q: Arshad, Actually i m working on the industrial project, so i always come acroos big columns. So i ...
  A: You cannot cut corners in this regards, as the ties are not there for shear, but mainly as restaints ...
Diaphragm shear transfer in concrete slabs4/5/2009
  Q: Once again, thank you so much for your reply (May 20, 2008). However, I would like to add to my ...
  A: Firstly the shear that the diaphragm resists is the difference between the storey shear that the ...
Cutting reinforcement by flame4/4/2009
  Q: Could you please advice which part in B.S stats that Cutting reinforcement by flam is not acceptable ...
  A: Ho Wow, I do not think there is a BS restriction, but visit this site and you see lots of debate on ...
Steel Structures4/4/2009
  Q: 1.Can you please tell me why we use Stiffner plates apart from the apparent meaning how can I decide ...
  A: 1. It's mainly to get good bond for both top and bottom rebar and to prevent cracks. For inclined ...
Steel Structures4/4/2009
  Q: 1.Can you please tell me why we use Stiffner plates apart from the apparent meaning how can I decide ...
  A: 1. These are usually needed to distribute the loading more evenly or to prevent local buckling of a ...
Civil Engineering questions4/2/2009
  Q: my name is Alex Gonzalez, i'm a sophomore at California High School. We are having to do a career ...
  A: Answer: Hi Alex, My job title is Director of Structures. The starting salary for a graduate in UK ...
ground slab capacity3/31/2009
  Q: On existing 20cm ground floor slab with y8@20c/c steel mesh a 90 ton machine 3.5x5.0m base ...
  A: If the ground is very well compacted so that it does not settle with a pressure of 50 kN/m2, then ...
window cleaning equipment of roof slabs3/31/2009
  Q: precast people refused to design slabs to accommodate for the window cleaning equipment load ...
  A: You need to treat this like a moving load for bridge design- presumably the wheels will be running ...
Construction enginnering3/30/2009
  Q: what is a basic job that someone that is a constuctional engineer does. Like do they get designs ...
  A: Yes, that is what a structural engineer does- i.e. work with architects to design the most efficient ...
Project topics3/30/2009
  Q: Please kindly assist me with some project topics relating to Qality control of civil engineering ...
  A: Here are some suggestions: 1. Setting out accuracy (line and level)for say roads and bridges 2. ...
Silo Foundation3/28/2009
  Q: I want suitable foundation type for 5 silos of diameter 25m which are constructing in one line. Soil ...
  A: This would be considered a structural slab on grade, and the design needs to take account of the ...
Silo Foundation3/28/2009
  Q: I want suitable foundation type for 5 silos of diameter 25m which are constructing in one line. Soil ...
  A: That's a good point, but this really depends on what the safe bearing capacity of the soil is and ...
i want to set a designing consultancy3/25/2009
  Q: Sir I am civil engineer master degree graduate. I have command in my subject but no experience . ...
  A: I am sorry but I have no experience or knowledge of requiremnets for setting up a consultancy in AP ...
Energy Work Diagram3/24/2009
  Q: Can you explain the use of Energy work diagram in etabs Thank you
  A: These basically tell you how hard each member is working (utilisation ratio), so that you can ...
Isolated eccentric footing3/23/2009
  Q: How to design a isolated footing where the column exactly comes on the boundary(no offset). Should ...
  A: Yes, this is a common problem and you need to design it as an eccentrically loaded pad footing, ...
Boundary Wall Joints3/19/2009
  Q: I have a boundary wall composed of reinforced concrete column with ground beams and foundation,the ...
  A: Your question is not very clear, as it could be read in two ways: 1. If you want to know how often ...
job and spring constant value3/17/2009
  Q: SIR I AM CIVIL ENGINEER.IHV PROB. TO UNDERSTAND SPRING CONSTANT VALUE OF BOTTOM SLAB OF BOX ...
  A: 1. For modulus of subgrade reaction (spring constant), refer to my answer in website below: ...
Concept of Unit width Design3/17/2009
  Q: we have multiple cell reinforced concrete box section(tunnel) containing a huge fill of varying ...
  A: One way to check this would be to take the loadings for 2 different unit widths, say 4 or 5m apart ...
Inclined Columns3/16/2009
  Q: I have generally designed columns which are vertical in RCC Buildings..Now I got a Traditional ...
  A: The main secondary effect of having inclined columns is that they introduce a horizontal component ...
Column Design - Etabs3/12/2009
  Q: If we design column using etabs it shows overstressed while at the same time if we cross checked ...
  A: In that case, the only reason I can imagine for the different results is that maybe you got the ...
mezzanine reinforcement3/11/2009
  Q: Khan, I am designing a wooden slab mezzanine which is 4.4m in length and 2.3m wide and to be used ...
  A: This is a bit difficult to visualise, but if you are spanning the timber decking (not slab) in the ...
Overhead Steel Water Tank3/11/2009
  Q: I need to determine the minimum allowable wall thickness for the shell and end covers of a ...
  A: I regret that I do not carry out actual designs, for liability reasons-I just give advice. The best ...
Seismic joint & ....3/8/2009
  Q: Many thanks for your reply 1. In my previous question, I should better say seismic joint, instead of ...
  A: 1. Noted 2. This depends on where your main shear/core walls are. You should try and put joints at ...
expansion joint3/7/2009
  Q: we are designing g+15 storey structure, the length of the structure is 119m, so expansion joints ...
  A: Firstly, the 40-50m normal joint spacing can be increased to 75m and even 100m, if a proper thermal ...
Final year project topics2/26/2009
  Q: I'm a final year student in Structural engineering. I'm interested in doing my project in ...
  A: This is such a wide subject- it could be on concrete mix design or durability or strength gain, or ...
Civil Engineering2/25/2009
  Q: Sir. Briefly answers my few questions. (Emergency, I need to reply to my boss today. Thanks so ...
  A: Basically the laps should be about rebar diameter x 40, but these can increase if the bars are ...
Existing ground slab capacity2/23/2009
  Q: There is a existing Ground slab, 150 mm tk. rfd with 8mm@150mm c/c bars(single mat).Now i want to ...
  A: Without knowing the ground conditions, it is difficult to advise you. However, based on my ...
Civil2/22/2009
  Q: I am QC inspector. I want to prepare a presentation. I need some tips for that. Can you please tell ...
  A: Briefly, here are my answers: 1. This can cause cracking due to shrinkage and also "surface ...
Pilecap Design2/21/2009
  Q: What are the things that I should look into to design a pilecap for 14 no of piles, how do I take ...
  A: Try this site for a spreadsheet: http://www.structural-engineering.fsnet.co.uk/cid.htm and also ...
STAAD foundations2/20/2009
  Q: I'm design a four-storey structure with staad. I want to know if it is possible for staad to ...
  A: I have not used STAAD for a while, but the last version did not have this facility. The only way was ...
Pilecap Design2/20/2009
  Q: What are the things that I should look into to design a pilecap for 14 no of piles, how do I take ...
  A: That is similar to designing a piled raft, which is quite complex to analyse- you will need to do a ...
Expansion joint in tall building2/19/2009
  Q: I design a 30 stories building & because of the Codes we should put expansion joint in every 50 ...
  A: Firstly, the 50m can be increased to 75m and even 100m, if a proper thermal analysis is done and the ...
Slab vibration2/18/2009
  Q: The following is a real case that occurred on a particular residential building site. A slab 6.0m by ...
  A: The short answer is that the assessment was flawed, as in order to limit deflection/vibration ...
Swing Bridge with electric trolley car access2/16/2009
  Q: My ancestors were from Libau, Latvia. Around the turn of the century a Swing Bridge was used that ...
  A: Not knowing the details, these are the possibilities: 1. The overhead cables were high enough to ...
water proofing under raft in gulf2/15/2009
  Q: Please provide detail water proofing procedure and also explain raft reinforcement details for high ...
  A: There are many systems available in the Gulf, such as Sika or Servicised or Fosroc- you should ...
resizing overhead RC tank2/14/2009
  Q: I am from central Myanmar. We have an overhead RC tank in our islamic school, from which we ...
  A: You have 2 options: 1. If there is enough pressure in the mains supply, then build another tank ...
resizing overhead RC tank2/14/2009
  Q: I am from central Myanmar. We have an overhead RC tank in our islamic school, from which we ...
  A: Without having details of the RC tank (wall thicknesses, rebar, etc) and about the ...
BOX CULVERT DESIGN2/12/2009
  Q: How can I deign a box culvert with one cell, two cells or three cell? How to calculate the different ...
  A: Please check out these sites as they will give you all the info you need: ...
Subgarde Reaction in safe2/12/2009
  Q: I want to know that If there is a relationship between modulus of subgrade reaction and bearing ...
  A: I am afraid it is not as simple as that, becuase you need to take into account the load-settlement ...
Wind Loads Uganda2/10/2009
  Q: Arshad Khan My name is Andrea Viteri and I am currently working on a project with Engineers without ...
  A: This really depends on location within Uganda, but in anycase I do not have the info to hand. In ...
Questions about your Career2/9/2009
  Q: Khan my name is Simon and i am conducting on research project on civil engineering. i am writing to ...
  A: My job title is Director of Structures. The starting salary for a graduate in UK would be around GBP ...
Questions about structural engineering2/8/2009
  Q: I'm doing a research project in school about Civil and Structural engineering and was hoping you ...
  A: My job title is Director of Structures. The starting salary for a graduate in UK would be around GBP ...
Civil Engineering2/8/2009
  Q: Sir can you please tell me how can one calculate the loads on a beam when its dimensions and area of ...
  A: Your sizes of bars are nor clear and I presume the beam is 72 inches long, but is it 9 inches wide ...
florring2/2/2009
  Q: Which type of florring will cost cheaper. I want to renovate an old building which is almost 40 year ...
  A: This is difficult to assess as it depends on the local market in terms of materials costs, etc. As a ...
Questions regarding ETABS1/7/2009
  Q: I want to ask the following questions regarding ETABS. What property shall I assign to Slab Objects ...
  A: Membranes have only in-plane stiffness (so can be used to simulate diaphragms), plates have ...
Structural Design1/5/2009
  Q: I would like to know what is the formula for calculating Lap length and Anchorage as per the BS ...
  A: Lap lengths depend on a lot of variables, such as bundling, distance from edges, whether they are in ...
Civil Engineering1/3/2009
  Q: How can we extend the existing foundation? or in other words How can we connect the existing ...
  A: The best way to do this is to hack back the side of the existing foundation to about 50mm beyond the ...
foundation1/2/2009
  Q: I have a foundation of an existing 4x10 meters with isolated footing and reinforced concrete grade ...
  A: If you are connecting the foundations, then it would be better to also connect the rest of the ...
building construction12/29/2008
  Q: what is the defference between a pad and raft foundation
  A: The main difference is in proportions and how many applied loading points there are. A pad is ...
Foundation Design12/28/2008
  Q: I am doing my 1st year B.Sc Architectural Engineering, and for my geo-technical assignment, using an ...
  A: The following websites give you step-by-step procedure for designing a strip footing: ...
Main rebar of column cutted12/23/2008
  Q: the main bar for the column of 4th floor (last floor) cutted by MEP people, please give me the ...
  A: Nadeem, My earlier answer still applies- you need to do a stress check to see if the cut rebar is ...
basement waterproofing12/23/2008
  Q: One basement 10 meters beneath the ground level is being done. The raft thickness is .75 meters . ...
  A: This problem has arisen possibly because proper de-watering system was not installed? Also, I would ...
Main rebar of column cutted12/23/2008
  Q: the main bar for the column of 4th floor (last floor) cutted by MEP people, please give me the ...
  A: You have not given me enough info to advise properly, but if the bar is critical to the structural ...
lift well design12/21/2008
  Q: I am student of final year construction technology. I am designing a lift well 1.8 m x 2.1 m. I want ...
  A: In simple terms, work out the total vertical loading (W)on the total liftshaft (from beams/slabs ...
Volunteer civil engineering wok12/20/2008
  Q: I have just finished with my B.E civil engineering and now I wish to gain experience. I have a full ...
  A: That is very pro-active of you and commendable. Much as I would like to be your mentor, my current ...
RCC12/19/2008
  Q: Asalam-o-Alaikum, I want to know the possible solution for the following : A remarkable gap has been ...
  A: You have not given sufficient information for me to form an opinion and isn any case such cases ...
GROUND BEAMS & GRADE SLABS12/19/2008
  Q: how to design a beam ans a slab resting on the ground or back filled soil? Do i have to make a staad ...
  A: Ahmed, This is complex soil-structure interaction problem and depends on the stiffness of the ...
final year project12/17/2008
  Q: How do I design a low rise building e.g two or three floors, using materials such as reinforced ...
  A: This is a very complex and involved question to answer over this medium. However, the following ...
Pile Cap Design12/15/2008
  Q: I just want to know, which code provides most economical pilecap design, Is it preferable to use any ...
  A: You are correct that the pile cap needs to be stiff enough to uniformly transmit the load, which is ...
e-tabs output check for multistorey residential building12/15/2008
  Q: after running the e-tabs model including all factors like, type of soil, zone factors, ca & cv. i ...
  A: The aspects you ask about depend on the shape and aspect ratio of the building and also location, so ...
e-tabs output check for multistorey residential building12/14/2008
  Q: after running the e-tabs model including all factors like, type of soil, zone factors, ca & cv. i ...
  A: The checks you should do are: 1. Check the last run log file for any errors, then correct those. 2. ...
flat slab12/12/2008
  Q: 1. if a flat slab system is analyzed three dimensionally on software-etabs then to calculate ...
  A: There are several references to ductile detailing, such as the ones below: ...
flat slab12/11/2008
  Q: 1. if a flat slab system is analyzed three dimensionally on software-etabs then to calculate ...
  A: Yes, you need to add the stresses from both axial as well as unbalanced bending, which could also be ...
Deflection of flexural members12/10/2008
  Q: Do I Have to check Deflection of Beams with service loads or ultimate loads. Staad uses the ...
  A: Most codes stipulate a total deflection limitation of span/250 for service loads only (DL+LL)and ...
use of differential eqns in civil engineering12/8/2008
  Q: I researched about application of differential equations in civil engineering but i can not find ...
  A: This is not my area of expertise, but the following websites have some answers for you: ...
RC analysis & design12/5/2008
  Q: I have 3 questions to ask, i will be grateful if you could answer the questions. 1.Staad gives ...
  A: 1. Yes, follow the convention that is given in the help menu of STAAD. 2. In most cases that is ...
RC analysis & design12/5/2008
  Q: I have 3 questions to ask, i will be grateful if you could answer the questions. 1.Staad gives ...
  A: Here are your answers: 1. Yes, consider both Mx and My 2. Yes you need to ensure they have good ...
concrete technology12/4/2008
  Q: what are expected value/percentage strength of concrete cube test at 7,21 and 28 days for design ...
  A: These percentages can vary a lot depending on the mix design and type of cement used, but on ...
MAT FOUNDATION MODEL12/2/2008
  Q: I have few more questions to ask, i will really appreciate, if you could help me with your ...
  A: If the 3-7 value is very localised (small area), then you can ignore it. Also make sure you are ...
how to design a RCC footing12/2/2008
  Q: what is the procedure to design a RCC footing in a building.
  A: Basically you need to work out the total vertical (gravity) loading and the total lateral (wind or ...
MAT FOUNDATION MODEL12/1/2008
  Q: I have few more questions to ask, i will really appreciate, if you could help me with your ...
  A: 1. From the support reactions, you can determine whether the soil bearing capacity has/has not been ...
asking questions11/29/2008
  Q: what is the role of civil engineering in any society?and speculate on the future of civil ...
  A: This sounds like a homework/essay question, which really you should do your own research for. ...
Help Please11/28/2008
  Q: I am very much interested in this course though i feel i am weak in drawing but i can visualise ...
  A: If you can visualise structures in 3-D, then you can always develop your drawing skills. It is ...
seismic basics11/27/2008
  Q: i need help in seismic design... Our instructor refuses to teach us seismic analysis...and we don't ...
  A: If you have an analysis package, then model the building in 3-D, apply a horzontal displacement in ...
Rcc Slab11/26/2008
  Q: How we can calculate the load on a slab dead load and live load in a house
  A: You can work out the dead load by knowing the density and size of the structural members and ...
foundation design11/26/2008
  Q: I am a student civil engineer from Kenya. am made to design a piled raft foundation for 4 no. LP Gas ...
  A: Jambo, Timothy, If I have interpreted your figures correctly, each tank will weigh around 70,000 ...
How reinforcement to be provided in WALLS11/25/2008
  Q: Can the derived reinforcement be provided 50% on each face i.e on the earth side and opposite side ...
  A: This depends on whether the wall is carrying mainly vertical loads (like columns), in which case you ...
Result Analysis11/25/2008
  Q: please tell me how to analyze the results of the concrete cube crushing test? what is the level of ...
  A: Usually this is based on statistical data and the standard deviation and current margin as ...
Regarding Machine Foundations11/25/2008
  Q: Salam How to do the dynamic analysis of foundation on which different types of machines operating ...
  A: This is quite complex, so it may be better to separate out the bases if possible. I am not an expert ...
RCC Beams11/24/2008
  Q: Sir, Could you please give instructions or idea for designing an economic section of beam spanning ...
  A: In oredr to design such a beam you need to estimate the total imposed loading and then analyse it ...
3d modelling using staad11/24/2008
  Q: I would be very thankful to you, if you could answer my question. When we make a 3d model of a RC ...
  A: If you have full continuity rebar (top and bottom) in your beam/column junction, then this can be ...
Honey combing in Structural Members11/22/2008
  Q: Can you please direct me the remidial measures available for honey combing and the effects of honey ...
  A: If the honeycombing is in tensile zone (e.g. midspan of beams/slabs), then the main danger is ...
Ribbed slab11/21/2008
  Q: Sir can you pls direct me on how the rib slab fuction.. Also how about the two way rib slabs ?? ...
  A: This works like a series of parallel beams (usually at 750 or 900mm centres, connected with a thin ...
Raft foundation help11/21/2008
  Q: I have a multistorey uilding for which I want to provide a raft type footing.the problem is if I ...
  A: What you mean is a cellular raft and you will find some info on that in the following website: ...
civil engg11/17/2008
  Q: Sir, please let me know the approximate total load (DL+LL) for a typical common 2-storey family ...
  A: This will vary between 14-18 kN/m2 per floor for habitable spaces and about 12-14 kN/m2 for the ...
Regarding plinth beams11/16/2008
  Q: I would be thankful to you, if you answer this few questions. 1. what is the maximum distance for ...
  A: If what you mean by a plinth beam is a down-standing beam, then this is a more economical solution ...
Reinforce Concrete Thickness-Please Help11/14/2008
  Q: I have a problem in which I know the forces on a suspended reinforced concrete slab and the width ...
  A: The fonmulae are quite complex, so you will need to refer to guides such as BS 8110, or visit the ...
Structural design11/13/2008
  Q: Is there any special procedure for calculation of shear stress in prestressed members(beams/slabs) ...
  A: Flat slabs will impose less moments to columns than beams/slab systems when considering lateral ...
Reinforce Concrete Thickness-Please Help11/12/2008
  Q: I have a problem in which I know the forces on a suspended reinforced concrete slab and the width ...
  A: Yes, there are formulae for this, which you can see in the following website: ...
Structural design11/11/2008
  Q: Is there any special procedure for calculation of shear stress in prestressed members(beams/slabs) ...
  A: In principle there is no difference from normal RC design as the maximum permissible shear stress in ...
Dome Analysis11/11/2008
  Q: I am trying to make a finite element model of a Dome on Etabs. I understand that Etabs do not accept ...
  A: Yes there is a very simple way. Draw the curvature of the dome in elevation by a series of straight ...
RIBBED FLOOR CONSTRUCTION11/11/2008
  Q: I NEED A DETAIL WRITE UP ON RIBBED FLOOR CONSTRUCTION WITH PICTURES AND REFERENCES.THANK YOU SIR
  A: This is a very efficient form of slab construction which is alos called a Pan Joist system in the ...
raft foundation11/10/2008
  Q: How would u construct a raft foundationin in soft clay for a large structure(5 storey)? What are the ...
  A: The advantages of a raft foundation are that it distributes the loading from a building relatively ...
Regarding expansion joints11/9/2008
  Q: I would be thankful to you, if you answer this few questions. 1. what is the maximum distance for ...
  A: 1. For retaining wall at edge of property, you can make it work by incresing the base width (length) ...
Final Year Project11/8/2008
  Q: I'll be starting my final year (undergraduate level) in civil engineering from Pakistan. I am ...
  A: Good to hear that you are doing your final year. Here are my answers: 1. Yes, if you can find a ...
Regarding expansion joints11/8/2008
  Q: I would be thankful to you, if you answer this few questions. 1. what is the maximum distance for ...
  A: The distance for expansion joints is mainly determined by temperature changes and less so by seismic ...
design of strip foundations11/3/2008
  Q: l am an undergraduate student in civil engineering. Al am currently on industrial training , l have ...
  A: Ia m afraid that this still does not give me sufficient info, but based on my previous answer you ...
Notes On RCC Designs10/31/2008
  Q: I am a fresh graduate in Civil Engineering. I am looking for some advice from experts. In this ...
  A: Try the following website as it has a lot of useful advice/gudelines: For RC buildings, the first ...
design of stri foundations10/29/2008
  Q: l am an undergraduate student in civil engineering. Al am currently on industrial training , l have ...
  A: Without knowing the plan dimenisons, it is difficult to confirm figures, but on average a building ...
Costruction Engineer10/1/2008
  Q: I'm a senior in high school that is doing a paper on construction engineering. If possible, I would ...
  A: Well, it's a very exciting and fullfilling career, but not as highly-paid as other professions such ...
vertical hilty10/1/2008
  Q: i had designed the shear wall ,but by mistake at site they have casted the shear wall with some ...
  A: Depending on whether the bars are subjected to tension or compression, there will be different ...
material science9/30/2008
  Q: Is the stress value indicates the capacity of the object? how shear force originates in structural ...
  A: Stress is force divided by area- for example, if there is a beam member 2cm wide by 3cm deep, so the ...
sizing structural materials of a deck9/29/2008
  Q: In order to use rainwater collected from my roof for household and garden purposes, I need to store ...
  A: Due to liability reasons, I cannot perform a design for you but merely give advice. I would imagine ...
Structural engineering9/29/2008
  Q: Sir, How the shear wall is useful for multistoried RCC buildings is it compulsory to provide that ...
  A: That depends on the aspect ration of the building (height to minimum horizontal dimension) and also ...
SAFE9/27/2008
  Q: Is there anyway I can receive foundation design examples which I can open in SAFE8? I dont get right ...
  A: Yes, within SAFE there are several examples that you can review. Also, if you have any problems with ...
rubble packing9/20/2008
  Q: what is the advantage of using dry rubble packing as a foundation will the building fall down if the ...
  A: Rubble packing is normally used under ground bearing slabs and sometimes under foundations as well, ...
MS in civil Engineering9/19/2008
  Q: i am in my final year now n i plan to do ms either in Construction management or structural ...
  A: Manthan, Currently there are very good job opportunities in both fields so I would suggest you go ...
Civil Engineering questions9/16/2008
  Q: my name is Joe Bittner and i am a student a Pius XI High School. We have to do a paper on a field of ...
  A: Hi Cory, My job title is Director of Structures. The starting salary for a graduate in UK would be ...
Interview9/15/2008
  Q: my name is Cory Briggs. I was recently assigned to write a paper on a career that I am interested ...
  A: My job title is Director of Structures. The starting salary in UK would be around GBP 25,000 per ...
bending moment9/12/2008
  Q: I am studying in second year Diploma civil engineering I wanted to know how to calculate bending ...
  A: This is very basic structural analysis which you will need to read a book to understand. In brief,a ...
Steel deck + concrete diaphragm9/12/2008
  Q: i'm from italy but i have to design with american codes. I have to design a diaphragm with corrugate ...
  A: I think this is to do with the shear capacity of the lugs that are welded through the decking on to ...
Concrete specifications9/12/2008
  Q: In gulf states when we said Grade 25 or Grade 35 concrete what does it mean? What will be the ratio ...
  A: Grade 25 means the crushing cube strength of the concrete at 28 days is 25 N/mm2. Ditto for 35, 40, ...
Construction Methods7/29/2008
  Q: How to design a slab of the following:Y=4000mm,X=8000mm using reinforcement of Y12-250c/c-B1-01.What ...
  A: This sounds like a slab of width 4m and length 8m, with rebar of 12mm diameter (Y means high-yield ...
Inclined columns7/29/2008
  Q: I WANT TO KNOW HOW TO DESIGN INCLINED COLUMNS
  A: They can be designed as vertical columns but taking care to design for the additional moments due to ...
E TABS7/28/2008
  Q: What are the Pros and Cons of using E TABS to design a CONCRETE STRUCTURE ?
  A: This is a very general question and really depends on the type, size and complexity of the ...
Compaction and compaction eqpment7/27/2008
  Q: hello sir what is compaction and various compaction masonry in civil engineering?
  A: Compaction requires different machinery for different materials- e.g. for concrete you need a ...
bidges7/21/2008
  Q: Archad, what makes Cable-stayed bridges safer than suspension bridges in case of hurricanes and ...
  A: I have not really thought of this before but I reckon it is because in a suspension brigde there are ...
cracks in structures7/20/2008
  Q: I am a quality control engineer and I notice we keep getting a lot of cracks in our box culverts and ...
  A: This could be due to several reasons, such as very thick or very thin concrete cover to rebar, outer ...
Demolition of Existing Slab.7/19/2008
  Q: I need to demolish a part of a 6" concrete pitch roof slab due to addition of a room on the terrace, ...
  A: You have not given me sufficielt details to enable me to advise you properly. However, assuming that ...
timber use in bridge7/18/2008
  Q: Arshad, i have a college assignment looking at an extreme scenario where an 80 m bridge over a ...
  A: You have not given me enough info to advise properly, but for an 80m free span bridge, you will ...
civil engineering7/16/2008
  Q: Archad, what's the way to be an excellent civil engineer comparing with the recent world life which ...
  A: That is a good question. The way to assess engineering excellence is to design and build structures ...
fc and fcu7/15/2008
  Q: What's the difference between f'c and fcu? How do I convert f'c to fcu? Thanks ANSWER: Hi Ben, ...
  A: On reflection, fc could mean cylinder crushing strength (usually in USA) and fcu could be a cube ...
Diaphram action of metal deck slab7/14/2008
  Q: In continuation to your reply to Adam for the above subject i would like to add further question for ...
  A: 1. No, usually the gravity loading rebar is different from the diaphragm rebar, although the two can ...
Civil Engineering7/12/2008
  Q: What are the career opportunities do I have As an civil engineer with MBA (Specialization in ...
  A: Ashish, That depends on what stage of your career you are at. If it is at the beginning, you little ...
grade slab for mobile racks7/12/2008
  Q: how we can design the grade for mobile racks of heavy load for industrial building, it would be ...
  A: This would be considered a structural slab on grade, and the design needs to take account of the ...
Flat slab design7/10/2008
  Q: Respected sir, I, vijay, am doing my masters in structural engineering at IIT Kanpur, India. ...
  A: The most critical aspects of designing flat slabs are: 1. Punching shear around columns 2. ...
how to start for a job after a long break7/7/2008
  Q: i am 2004 pass out.i got married when i was in my final semester.my husband worked at Hindalco ...
  A: Four years is not too long, so long as you have been keeping in touch with engineering. There are ...
Column Reinforcement7/7/2008
  Q: Reinforcement bar of column at 1st floor cutted by mistake,beam and screed over hollow core slab ...
  A: The ebst solution for this si to expose about 100mm of the column bars and connect them to starter ...
culvert7/7/2008
  Q: I am trying to design a 2 span bridge that has the shape of a box culvert as per american code ACI ...
  A: It's dificult to send/do designs via this medium, but you can either take guidance from the famous ...
Masonry Reinforcement7/6/2008
  Q: Good Day, Sir! I'm a new Engineer (from the Philippines) here in Bahrain. I just want to ask, what ...
  A: In that case you need to have a base plate at the bottom of the steel column and anchor that into ...
Masonry Reinforcement7/6/2008
  Q: Good Day, Sir! I'm a new Engineer (from the Philippines) here in Bahrain. I just want to ask, what ...
  A: Neil, As Bahrain is not a seismic zone, there are no specific requirements for masonry rebar, ...
Civil Engineering or Archictural7/1/2008
  Q: I am MansoorKhalid sending you this email from Peshawar Pakistan. I had finished my first year ...
  A: From what you are saying, you should go for a course in civil engineering and then you can later ...
load bearing capacity of slab7/1/2008
  Q: salam, sir i have asked a question already about load bearing capacity of a slab. my question was, ...
  A: This is a bit difficuolt to assess accurately, but based on the info you have given I would say that ...
Structural Engineering.6/30/2008
  Q: I would like to know is it possible for me to connect steel joist to an existing RCC beam,if so what ...
  A: Yes, you can do that by using a flange/base plate at the end of the steel member and using drilled ...
chemistry in civil eng.6/29/2008
  Q: Archad, well why does a civil engineer study courses connected in chemistry? well don't worry about ...
  A: Chemistry is useful for civil engineering because it helps to understand the materials and how to ...
slab load bearing capacity6/29/2008
  Q: we have a floor thickness 3 inches of concrete(1:2:4) with .25 inch diameter steel reinforcement @ ...
  A: This is a bit difficuolt to assess accurately, but based on the info you have given I would say that ...
Eccentric Footing Analysis6/27/2008
  Q: Sir, I am a Structual Engg. student. My project is going on this topic. i want to know the analysis ...
  A: By adding in the triangular element all you will do is help in reducing punching shear- your ...
rods in bridges6/26/2008
  Q: Archad, when a bridge is made over a river, the bridge stands over an arc made of specific elements, ...
  A: I am sorry, but your question is still not clear- what do you mean by rod? Do you mean a beam or are ...
rods in bridges6/25/2008
  Q: Archad, when a bridge is made over a river, the bridge stands over an arc made of specific elements, ...
  A: I do not quite understand your question, but in principle so long as the arch bridge has good ...
column load support6/25/2008
  Q: hai arshad khan,can u brief me how much load can support by column (300X300X1000MM ht).tq
  A: The formula for this (assuming axial load only) is 0.35*Fcu*300*300+0.87*fy*As, where fcu is cube ...
RCC LIFT SHAFT, Circular Stairs6/24/2008
  Q: I have completed my civil engineering and now got a job as a structural designer. I would like to ...
  A: You have too many questions, most of which you should ask your mentor at work to help you with. ...
beam-column connection6/24/2008
  Q: Please let me know the connection details of RCC beam to inclined column details, as the bars for ...
  A: In this case, it is best to take the column bars to the top face of the beam and bend them along the ...
deflected bondeck slab6/14/2008
  Q: GHi Mr Arshad A bondek floor slab has deflected excessively due to the absence of propping during ...
  A: As this is a proprietory product, you should really seek advice from the manufacturers. However, in ...
rods in the buildings6/14/2008
  Q: every buildings has rods, these rods represent the normal reaction of the ground against the weight ...
  A: If you are talking about reinforced concrete buildings (not steel buildings), then yes there so so ...
pile cap6/14/2008
  Q: I work in a consultancy firm in kolkata, india. My question is that is it possible to cast a two ...
  A: This is difficult to say without knowing the piles capacity for lateral bending and the column loads ...
Timber Design6/12/2008
  Q: I'd like to know which standards are used in timber design, preferably for timber that's available ...
  A: I do not know about Uganda, but in Kenya the Ministry of Works has a local code that follows the ...
design slab6/7/2008
  Q: how to design a slab ,rcc members.i want pursue my career as strucural engineer,so please guide me
  A: This is quite a complex subject, so you will need to study some books, but basically you design as ...
skyscrapers6/5/2008
  Q: welcome to your returning. well I spend many days waiting you :D well every skyscraper must have ...
  A: I am not sure I quite understand your question, but basically hihsie buildings are designed to ...
Span & PSF rating for 6" concrete on deck form and I-beams5/22/2008
  Q: I need to know the maximum span 22 gauge 1.5C conform deck steel can handle with a 6" total depth ...
  A: I am not familiar with Conform decking (must be a US product), but you need to consult their ...
conection B/w column & Slab5/21/2008
  Q: I want to know how we do connection b/w column reinforcement and Slab reinforcement.
  A: Normally this connection is via beams that span into columns, but if you are asking about flat ...
Relevant to steel5/20/2008
  Q: I want u to tell me the difference between Hot rolled and cold twisted Steel bars, what is ...
  A: Hot rolled mild steel has lower rebar yield strength (250 N/mm2) while cold twisted HY rbar has 460 ...
Diaphragm shear transfer in concrete slabs5/20/2008
  Q: I have a question regarding diaphragm shear in concrete slabs. I would like to ask you how this ...
  A: The principles for diapgram forces in RC slab are the same for what you describe for steel beams ...
RE: CONNECTION BETWEEN R.C STUMP AND HARD WOOD COLUMN.5/19/2008
  Q: HAI ARSHAD KHAN I WANT TO ASK U ABOUT CONNECTION BETWEEN R.C STUMP (300mmx300mmx1000MM(h))AND WOOD ...
  A: The best way to do this connection is to design a steel cap at the bottom end of the wood column ...
building science5/18/2008
  Q: what procedures must be followed when calculate a beams bending moment ,UDL and where in the ...
  A: For UDL, the bending moment is a simply-supported beam is WL2/8 where W is the total applied +self ...
concentrated loads on an elevated slab5/17/2008
  Q: I have an elevated slab supported by open web steel joists on 18" centers. I need to install two ...
  A: Without knowing the spacing of the 6 feet it is difficult to give proper advice, but as a guide the ...
cracks in footing5/10/2008
  Q: I have observe some cracks not too much deep in footing near the dowels of column reinforcement. I ...
  A: You have not given me enough details to make a proper assessment but if they are minor surface ...
post tension slab5/6/2008
  Q: i need to check for opening in post tesion slab.slab in 7.5*7.5 m. opening size is about 1m*.6m this ...
  A: Although you are designing columns as pinned, in reality they will attract moments from the slab due ...
Concrete slabe on grade5/5/2008
  Q: Existing 5" concrete slab with no. 4 bars at 24" o/c located at med depth. What point load can it ...
  A: This is very difficult to assess as it depends on the quality and compaction of the sub-grade and ...
structural engg5/5/2008
  Q: i am constructed steel bridge over a small nalla & span of bridge is 50 feet & one side rcc paradi & ...
  A: I am sorry to say that you have not given me enough information and in any case I do not offer a ...
SILO5/4/2008
  Q: i want to design metal silo foundation, silo is 32m dia & 23 m height & its grain capacity is 8000 ...
  A: If the RC wall is also subjected to grain pressure then you can design it in hoop stress, with the ...
SILO5/4/2008
  Q: i want to design metal silo foundation, silo is 32m dia & 23 m height & its grain capacity is 8000 ...
  A: Much as I would like to help you, I cannot picture what you mean about the shear wall and stiffners. ...
what is honey combing5/3/2008
  Q: sir what is exactly this honey combing,and where it will occur generally,and even what is ...
  A: Honey combing is what happens when concrete is not compacted properly and voids form between the ...
assignment5/2/2008
  Q: the role of civil engineer in the construction company
  A: I have been asked similar questions before, so if you do not mind I will cut-and-paste the Q & A: ...
rcc beam4/25/2008
  Q: at one of our existing single storey car wash building, a contractor has cut concrete from the top ...
  A: This is a bit difficult to say for sure, without looking at the drawings and loading, but in general ...
Rubble packing4/12/2008
  Q: why is rubble packing done in foundation of footings?does it increase the load bearing capacity of ...
  A: This is used to basically even out any soft-spots or localised depressions caused by the ...
Design of Lift Well3/30/2008
  Q: I want to design a lift well in a three storey hospital building. Size of the well is (7ft. x 7ft.) ...
  A: This is a very difficult question to answer, as a lot depends on what else is spanning on to the ...
STAAD analysis3/29/2008
  Q: WE are in our final year B.Tech Civil... We are doing a project i.e Analysis and Design of 3 storey ...
  A: Syed, when you do sub-frame anaysis, the total column loads have to be added separately by hand or ...
STAAD analysis3/21/2008
  Q: WE are in our final year B.Tech Civil... We are doing a project i.e Analysis and Design of 3 storey ...
  A: This is difficult to explain over this forum- I suggest you refer to a textbook on structural ...
STAAD analysis3/21/2008
  Q: WE are in our final year B.Tech Civil... We are doing a project i.e Analysis and Design of 3 storey ...
  A: Syed, Yes, footing needs to be designed for bending moment, whether on not it is on rock- if column ...
STAAD analysis3/20/2008
  Q: WE are in our final year B.Tech Civil... We are doing a project i.e Analysis and Design of 3 storey ...
  A: This is a difficult subject to mentor over this forum, but here are some answers: 1. Loading is ...
etabs beam modeling3/14/2008
  Q: can etabs model beams spanning from one story to another ie. inclined beams? why is it the line type ...
  A: Yes, ETABS can do inclined beams and it is just a default description that anything inclined is ...
excavations2/28/2008
  Q: I am interviewing with a company that does large scale land reclaimations and excavations. What ...
  A: I am not an expert on this, but basically you should be confident in your responses and do not try ...
Concrete classes2/14/2008
  Q: Please explain to me the various ratios of concrete.there is class 15 class 20 class 25 and class 30 ...
  A: Yes, you can usually get classes from 10 N/mm2 in increments of 5 to anything upto 100 N/mm2 or ...
Using steel plate to spread concentrated loadod2/13/2008
  Q: Arshad, An r.c.slab of an exhibition hall is designed with an imposed live load of 10 kN/m2. A ...
  A: Yes, that should do the trick, assuming that the base plate is stiff enought to spread the laoding ...
RCC designing2/2/2008
  Q: what is the bending moment
  A: This is very basic- it is the moment caused in a beam (or column or wall), due to external loading ...
flat slab2/1/2008
  Q: I am Deepthi a structural engineer, I wanted to know if a flat slab can be analysed using STAAD. If ...
  A: STAAD is not very good for flat slab design, but you can get approximate results by meshing the ...
Bearing shear wall system2/1/2008
  Q: I am designing a 12 story concrete building with shear walls, the frame system is bearing wall ...
  A: Depending on the detailing, the beams can be fixed or pinned or partially relaesed and ETABS will do ...
Raft foundations1/20/2008
  Q: Khan, I would like to know how to calculate the thickness of the raft I require for a single storey ...
  A: The best way for this is as follows: 1. Work out the total load down, and divide by the area of the ...
Mix Design1/19/2008
  Q: Please let me know the actual mix design with one problem practiced in site
  A: This is quite a complex issue, as mix design depends on the class of concrete, the aggrrgate type ...
Civil Engineering1/17/2008
  Q: This question is like a test question. You have three houses in a row, above the three houses their ...
  A: This is a mind-bender puzzle rather than civil engineering and is difficult for me to answer without ...
Maximum Distance Between Concrete Steel Post1/6/2008
  Q: What is the Maximum Distance Between Concrete Steel Post and what size of reenforced steel bar ...
  A: Your question is confusing- are you talking about concrete posts or steel posts? In any case, I ...
Concrete bridges12/26/2007
  Q: Mr. khan can you tell me about the different kinds of concrete bridge?
  A: There are many types of concrete bridges, starting from a simple reinforced beam-and-slab for short ...
civil engineering concrete technology12/22/2007
  Q: please tell me sir, what is 63, 53, 33 grade cements?why is indicated?
  A: This is related to the compressive strength at 28 days age, in Mpa, and is a function of how finely ...
Design small column & slab12/16/2007
  Q: My qualification is Technical Diploma in Civil Am working as Auto CAD Designer I am interested to ...
  A: This is a very general question, so I will reply as follows: 1. Decide on the best material to use ...
Existing Beam- Block Roof to support SIL = 5 Kn/m212/10/2007
  Q: Respected Dear Arshad Khan, i was searching some solution and luckily found your contact through ...
  A: Much as I would like to help you, I cannot do such assignments over this website- firstly because ...
virendeel truss12/9/2007
  Q: I am an Iranian student.I really need some guidance for my design project. I want to use Virendeel ...
  A: Basically you work out the total bending moment and shear, assuming that it is a solid beam, then ...
Vierendeel Truss12/9/2007
  Q: I wonder if you could provide me with detailed method of analysis of a vierendeel Truss (No ...
  A: Basically you work out the total bending moment and shear, assuming that it is a solid beam, then ...
Seeking further explanations to your answer to Jarkas12/8/2007
  Q: Arshad, with regard to the answer you gave to Mr. Jarkas concerning R C Industrial Facilities Design ...
  A: Sorry for this late reply- I was travelling. I cannot remember the question/answer you refer to, ...
bridges12/7/2007
  Q: I know that this may not be your "expertise." However, if I could, I would love to still get your ...
  A: Sorry for this late reply- I was travelling. Your idea of using a warren truss is good- just make ...
Building Design12/1/2007
  Q: salam brother, I am a civil engineer practicing in site. I need to build a house, but i have not ...
  A: This is a very general question, so I will reply as follows: 1. Decide on the best material to use ...
Design of slab with opening12/1/2007
  Q: I want to design a solid slab of size 2m * 2m, with an opening of size 0.6m* 0.6m , at the corner of ...
  A: Assuming that this slab is supported along all 4 sides, then I would design the slab as two strips ...
ETABS Period/Rigid Diaphragm11/30/2007
  Q: I built a model of a 5 story building with slabs at each level, 2 elevator shafts and a continuous ...
  A: You are right, in that the period should be 0.5-1.0 second. I acn only suggest 2 possible problems: ...
Structural Mechanics11/30/2007
  Q: The distance between the support is 440mm and between left support and cut position is 300mm. Thw ...
  A: This sounds like a homework question and I would not be doing you a favour by giving you the answer. ...
Civil engineering11/25/2007
  Q: Respected Mr.Khan,In the case of Ribbed slab with hidden beams & column as supporting structure, ...
  A: If by hidden beams you mean flush beams, then you can still take full frame action and moment ...
boundary element of shear wall in etabs11/23/2007
  Q: In ACI 318-99 (also in 2002 and 2005 codes), necessity of boundary elements in concrete shear walls ...
  A: I am not sure why, but have you tried: Go to the Options > Preferences > Concrete Frame Design ...
Bridge Engineer11/17/2007
  Q: Mr. Expert i have designed an isolated footing for a circular bridge pier (3 m diameter) resting on ...
  A: For a 3m dia pier, a 12.5 m base seems excessive. For it to engage uniform pressure, it will need to ...
Silo Foundation11/16/2007
  Q: Is 1 kg / sq.cm. a very safe soil loading capacity as a thumb rule when the area has many warehouses ...
  A: Well, it the diameter is only 3m, then you may only need a strip footing of 1.0m wide, depending on ...
Silo Foundation11/10/2007
  Q: Is 1 kg / sq.cm. a very safe soil loading capacity as a thumb rule when the area has many warehouses ...
  A: This very much depends on the ground conditions, as in some cases to limit settlement you may have ...
concentrated load on flat slab11/9/2007
  Q: Can a suspended flat slab designed with a udl of 20 kN/m2 take concentrated loads of 500 kN placed ...
  A: Definitely not, as that would exceed the safe load by a factor of around 25!! If you meant 5 kN ...
carbon steel tank..10/29/2007
  Q: The total weight of the upper tank is 220 Tonnes. Once it is lifted and placed on the base i need to ...
  A: Faisal, This is not easy to do without looking at the drawings, etc. Just use basic principles- ...
carbon steel tank..10/29/2007
  Q: The total weight of the upper tank is 220 Tonnes. Once it is lifted and placed on the base i need to ...
  A: If the tank is so heavy, then all the clamps are doing is to hold the tank from sliding ...
RC Wall Effective Height10/29/2007
  Q: Assume a house has a single story 20 foot high by 16 foot wide RC wall (within a moment frame), and ...
  A: If the mid-height beam is 16 inches in horizontal dimension, to work against the wind loading, then ...
Faculty Project: Metallic construction over concrete ones.10/28/2007
  Q: I am a Civil Engineering student, and I have to make a small presentation of a Metallic structure ...
  A: A simple example of where a steel structure is better than concrete is for long-span trusses or ...
scholl project 6 grade10/20/2007
  Q: i need exemples how i use math in civil engeneering career foe my school project. thank you
  A: Here are some examples: 1. You can work out the weight of materials, such as a wall sitting on a ...
math in engineering10/20/2007
  Q: please give me three examples where the applicaion of mathematics is used as a tool in solving ...
  A: Well, you can use maths to: 1. Calculate the weight of materials on to structures like bridges. 2. ...
from sri lanka10/19/2007
  Q: please tell slabs types? i want to method statement for single storey building. step by step. ...
  A: The different slab types are: solid RC two-way spanning, solid RC one-way spanning, ribbed slabs, ...
foundation design10/19/2007
  Q: I am a graduate engineer and have been tasked with designing the foundations for a two-storey ...
  A: Yes, you should take th effects of wind laoding into account- basically you can take additional ...
HELP!!!- Bridges Research10/18/2007
  Q: Tell me what to find out when doing a research paper on bridges for a science fair project?
  A: I would suggest you look at following aspscts: 1. Diferent materials used- e.g. steel, timber, ...
Beam design10/16/2007
  Q: I am a student of architecture. can you give me the steps and formula to design a simple rectangular ...
  A: Basically you divide teh span by 15 to 20 (depending on the loading- the greater the loading, use ...
Help required10/16/2007
  Q: I am santosh structural engineering student I wanted your help to know certain things. I wanted to ...
  A: Go to the Research engineers website which has a lot of data on STAAD. You can visit the RCC website ...
on rcc beam10/15/2007
  Q: in singly reinforced beams bars are placing in two layer with the help of spacial bar,but ...
  A: The reason that the spacer bars are not taken into account is becuase they are not continuous in the ...
hollow concrete block10/5/2007
  Q: how do we ascertain design load of a building made with hollow block concrete?what is the density of ...
  A: You get the density either from the manufacturer's brochure or by weighing the units. The design ...
I need these quick questions answered! by tomorrow10/5/2007
  Q: Hey Arshad. I'm Brent Gehring and I go to Severna Park High School. I need these questions answered ...
  A: Well, it's a very exciting and fullfilling career, but not as highly-paid as other professions such ...
concrete design9/27/2007
  Q: sir, How to repair/strengthen a isolated footing laid with M15 grade concrete instead of M20 grade ...
  A: You can roughen up the top and side surfaces, drill and grout in some T10 dowels at say 300mm ...
pile cap design9/26/2007
  Q: i am working in consultant office in Dubai , i want to ask for the design of the following element : ...
  A: You need to refer to BS 8110 and BS 8004 for design guidelines. Also check out this website: ...
abt. axis9/26/2007
  Q: sir, could you kindly explain to me the difference between stong axis,weak axis,major axis,minor ...
  A: Both sets of termionology mean the same. The major axis refers to the deeper section of a beam or ...
Etabs results9/17/2007
  Q: why (in ETABS 9.0) the sum of moments arises in the bases of shear walls do not equal the total ...
  A: This depends on how the piers atre defined- basically the moment will be a summation of the node ...
roof slab reinforment details-9/15/2007
  Q: Mr Khan - Pl. give yr opinion for the following: 1st floor roof: 1) Room size: 11.5ft x 22ft -2 ...
  A: I do not do designs over this medium, so you should get a qualified engineer to do so for you. ...
What should be the size of columns for 2000square feet slab9/14/2007
  Q: I am going to construct 2000 Square feet slab with total 26 columns.So what should be the ...
  A: This is very difficult to answer as you have not indicated the imposed load on the slab, not the ...
soil bearing capacity?9/14/2007
  Q: how to find the bearing capasity of the soil? can u give me the design prcedure.......step by step.
  A: For this, depending on the size of the project, you need to do detailed soils investigations that ...
depth of foundation9/13/2007
  Q: how can we decide ,depth for foundation as a civil engg. in the site one more question sir...its a ...
  A: Normally the bottom of a foundation is set at a minimum depth of around 0.6m to 0.8m, where the ...
Questions9/12/2007
  Q: 1. Do you like your job? 2. What kind of projects do you work on? 3. Does your job require working ...
  A: These are far too many questions, but: Well, it's a very exciting and fullfilling career, but not ...
tuff stone masonry9/11/2007
  Q: I'm wondering what the compressive strength of tuff stone is. I know this is used a lot in ...
  A: That depends on the quality of the stone, but anwhere between 2 and 5 N/mm2 would be a crushing ...
Civil Engineering Info. Needed9/10/2007
  Q: my name is Elizabeth and I attend River Hill High School in Maryland. I am researching civil ...
  A: Well, it's a very exciting and fullfilling career, but not as highly-paid as other professions such ...
civil9/8/2007
  Q: I have a house, where there is a peculiar problem of water ingress during monsoon seasons from ...
  A: Raju, Looks like you do not have a damp-prrof course. You can either break out the slab and install ...
Mezzanine Support Columns9/8/2007
  Q: Mr. Khan, I am planning to build a 1000 sqft wood framed mezzanine in our warehouse we have ...
  A: This is a bit difficult to answer without knowing the foundation conditons. If the slab can take 500 ...
High school essay questions9/7/2007
  Q: 1. Do you have any high school courses to recommend before going to college for engineering? ...
  A: These are far too many questions for me, but: Well, it's a very exciting and fullfilling career, ...
civil9/5/2007
  Q: Why putting reinforcement for slab, why do we put steel in both directions. ANSWER: Hi Raju, This ...
  A: This is difficult for me to answer without further details and in any case I do not do full designs ...
civil9/1/2007
  Q: Why putting reinforcement for slab, why do we put steel in both directions.
  A: This is for 2 reasons: 1. To prevent shrinkage cracks in the cross-direction. 2. When you load a ...
ribbed(hollow block) slab8/31/2007
  Q: we are constructing a cast in situ ribbed (hollow block)slab in ethiopia for an occupation of a ...
  A: Again, without knowing the actual ribe tension rebar and the deflection criteria, it is difficult to ...
raft design8/29/2007
  Q: I would like to you to help me solve the following problem. The soil safe bearing capacity of a ...
  A: I am sorry but I cannot offer full design services over this medium. As a guide, use 1 m thick raft ...
english8/24/2007
  Q: Sir I am HAPPY TO SEE YOUR ANSWER why horizontal cracks in top floor building. & how to repair I am ...
  A: This is probably caused by: 1. Shrinkage cracks in blockwork 2. Lack of movement compatibility ...
Honey Combing In Concrete8/23/2007
  Q: We have got honey comb in the concrete of grade M40 used for column member(size of column- 800x800). ...
  A: Honeycombing to a depth of 25mm is not very serious so you can simply grout this up and the column ...
interview.8/21/2007
  Q: HEY!!! my name is Brittany Feeback I am 16&&Go to Trigg county High school. I would like to be a ...
  A: Hey, Brittany!!!! Well, it's a very exciting and fullfilling career, but not as highly-paid as ...
concrete slab strength8/21/2007
  Q: I am building a concrete slab that will cross a creek in my backyard, the creek has a 10' gap and ...
  A: This is not an easy question to answer as you have not given full details- i.e. weight of tractor, ...
corbonation8/12/2007
  Q: please let me know the reasons of carbonation in Reinforced Cement Concrete ANSWER: Hi Bhupinder, ...
  A: The main source of carbonation is exposure to the atmosphere and then with the additional presence ...
corbonation8/11/2007
  Q: please let me know the reasons of carbonation in Reinforced Cement Concrete
  A: Carbonation in concrete is the slow process of carbon dioxide penetrating the concrete cover of RC ...
criteria for tempeareture analysis of slab in rcc building8/10/2007
  Q: pls provide some guidline & references to decide whether temp anylisis of slab is require or not in ...
  A: If basement is subjected to daily temperature variations then you will need movement joints- these ...
Flat slab analysis using SAFE88/8/2007
  Q: i am currently analysing flat slab of a 20 storey tower using safe, input of which is imported from ...
  A: For a tall building, you should select the third option, as that will take loads due to gravity ...
criteria for tempeareture analysis of slab in rcc building8/7/2007
  Q: pls provide some guidline & references to decide whether temp anylisis of slab is require or not in ...
  A: The 45-50m can be avoided if the structure is below ground (basements), otherwise you need to do a ...
design of slab8/6/2007
  Q: Room size is 3.00 x 7.04 & outer size is 3.46 x 7.50 M. Hence what will be the thickness of slab & ...
  A: I cannot design the slab for you over this medium- in any case that depends on the applied loading. ...
PIPERACK DESIGN8/5/2007
  Q: I am civil engineer,but i have no idea about design of piperacks,i was asked to design piperack,will ...
  A: Pipe rack design is basically supports (usually with structural steelwork) for supporting pipework ...
type of supports6/18/2007
  Q: Sir,Differentiate types of Supports and give examples of each support that when it is used
  A: Santosh, This sounds like a homework question? Anyway: 1. Simply supported- when a beam or slab ...
RCC slab6/16/2007
  Q: What is the difference between simply supported slab & Continuous slab?For example ,I will design ...
  A: Yes, you are correct- the slab can be designed as continous over the central supporting beam or ...
rcc design6/11/2007
  Q: i have a slab of thickness 150mm and clear span of slab is 3.8 m m-25 mix we want put two load at ...
  A: I do not do designs over this forum due to liability reasons, but you can work out the bending ...
Foundations6/7/2007
  Q: What is the main difference between strip foundation and raft foundation? Do strip foundations ...
  A: A matt foundation is the same as a raft- different name only. A raft works by bending along both ...
civil engineering6/3/2007
  Q: How the alignment is done for the columns above a floor,to check whether it is ...
  A: The timing for de-shuttering depends on the concrete strength, the spans and the curing, but ...
Foundation for lift well for G 2 building6/2/2007
  Q: I am a structural engineer in Eritrea. i am designing recently a 2.1x2.1m lift well for G+2 concrete ...
  A: For this, just consider the total vertical load down the wall per metre run and design a strip ...
steel bracket dimension6/2/2007
  Q: i wanted to know:1) how we arrive at the dimensions of a steel bracket ,say,which is supporting a ...
  A: The sizing is dependant on the shear capacity of the vertical section to resist the bolts reaction ...
Four and a half inches RCC slab6/2/2007
  Q: I want to have a 4.5 inches RCC slab (Roof), area 8 feet by 22 feet supported by 10 feet high, walls ...
  A: You have not indicated roof loading, but assuming it is minimal, this should be OK with proper rebar ...
civil engineering5/30/2007
  Q: How the alignment is done for the columns above a floor,to check whether it is ...
  A: For verticality you can use a simple pmumb-bob, or a theodolite. For horizontal location you can use ...
U/G pipes5/28/2007
  Q: Sir, How to calculate pipe thickness of underground pipes? is there any formula given any where? I ...
  A: Visit the following websites that will guide you: ...
civil/piping5/26/2007
  Q: Sir, I am a piping engineer and wants to give piping loads to civil dept. for designing a piperack ...
  A: Just work out the self weight and weight of contents per metre run and the racking can be designed ...
raft foundation5/24/2007
  Q: I am shridhar kadam student of VJTI. I Want detail infor mation about RAFT FOUNDATION.So plese send ...
  A: Your question is not quite detailed enough for me to respond properly, but if you are asking about ...
Charterd ENGG exam UK5/20/2007
  Q: i m shafaat srcutural engg with 13 years exp working in Dubai i got offer from London Uk and i m ...
  A: In order to become a Chartered Engineer via the ICE or IStructE, you need to have a good degree and ...
engineering5/20/2007
  Q: How many seismic zone we know give me detail information
  A: There are several seismic zones in accordance with UBC 97- starting with zone 0, 1, 2A, 2B, 3, 4, 5, ...
stress5/11/2007
  Q: i heard a term " cylinder stress" can you tell me about this?
  A: Possibly this is the same as what I know as hoop stress, which is the force/divided by cross ...
raft foundation design5/4/2007
  Q: Arshad I am an undergraduate student studying civil engineering in the UK.I have a task I'd like ...
  A: This is a problem of soil-structure interaction, whereby the strength/thickness of the slab is ...
tech5/4/2007
  Q: i find it really hard to connect the theory of over reinforced concrete to the practical situation. ...
  A: So long as you follow the code requirements for slice lengths (especially for bundled bars), then ...
tech5/4/2007
  Q: i find it really hard to connect the theory of over reinforced concrete to the practical situation. ...
  A: Early striking is mainly for re-use of shutters and follow-on trades. There is no problem with ...
tech5/4/2007
  Q: i find it really hard to connect the theory of over reinforced concrete to the practical situation. ...
  A: It's not just for corrosion protection, but also for bond and fire protection- hence we need more ...
tech5/3/2007
  Q: i find it really hard to connect the theory of over reinforced concrete to the practical situation. ...
  A: Yes, if you over-reinforce say the bottom of a simply supported beam, and then keep increasing the ...
splicing5/3/2007
  Q: a continuous column does not have the starter bars at the right position for the next level(but ...
  A: ..., For circular columns you do not need cranks- just lay the rebar adjacent to the starters. You ...
rings on columns /stirrups on beams5/3/2007
  Q: 1. for columns , which is better - to provide rings horizontally or spirally? 2. for beams , i ...
  A: Basically, shear cracks in beams are at 45-60 degrees angle to horizontal, so an inclined bar will ...
rings on columns /stirrups on beams5/2/2007
  Q: 1. for columns , which is better - to provide rings horizontally or spirally? 2. for beams , i ...
  A: .., 1. Rings horizontally are better for control of spacing and location of main rebar. 2. They ...
Mehtod Statement4/27/2007
  Q: How would you calculate the area of a pad foundation to loaded column, where the total internal load ...
  A: This is easy- just divide the total vertical load (730 kN) with the allowable bearing pressure, so ...
Temperature effects on Tall Buildings4/25/2007
  Q: Could I analyze a tall building in United Arab of Emirates for Temperature Effects using ETABS ...
  A: Answers: 1. For final state, take interiors as 20 degC and exterior 30-50 deg C depending on amount ...
Temperature effects on Tall Buildings4/24/2007
  Q: Could I analyze a tall building in United Arab of Emirates for Temperature Effects using ETABS ...
  A: 1. Yes. 2. Yes, and les to interior members, so you will get differential elongation. 3. You will ...
Temperature effects on Tall Buildings4/23/2007
  Q: Could I analyze a tall building in United Arab of Emirates for Temperature Effects using ETABS ...
  A: Yes you can, but you need to know the cladding/insulation details and how hot the exterior can get- ...
strip foundation design4/23/2007
  Q: How would you calculate the minimum width and depth required for a tradtional strip foundation for a ...
  A: That's simple- divide 45 by 80 and you have the minimum width of the strip, i.e. 565mm. However, I ...
Calculations4/20/2007
  Q: What is the full calculations for a petrol station using a suitable foundation with an internal and ...
  A: I am sorry but I cannot do sketches over this forum. For the column foundations, you need to know ...
Project Engineer4/19/2007
  Q: Please help me with answers to the following: What is Project engineering all about 1.what are the ...
  A: A project engineer's main duties are to understand the client's requirements (brief) and to ensure ...
Quotations4/18/2007
  Q: What does zack mean in a quation sheet? There are different areas of building, including one long ...
  A: Well, that's a new one for me too. I suggest you seek clarification fom the client. Maybe it is a ...
d.o.s4/13/2007
  Q: why the circular tank of large capacity are most economical than other shape...????
  A: That is because steel is very efficient in tension (rather than bending), so by using a circular ...
wind load4/12/2007
  Q: I have tank of 5 ton dead load and 400 barrel water capacity, ares where wind load 0.87 kpa, ...
  A: This is a bit difficult to explain over this forum, but basically you apply the pressure along one ...
honeycombing in concrete4/12/2007
  Q: Kindly let me know the acceptance criteria on subject matter. Regds PNM
  A: This depends on the location and extent. Usually, most honeycombing, if it is just within 10-30mm of ...
ETABS4/11/2007
  Q: i´m a new user of the program etabs. MyIs it possible to make the shear design based on provided ...
  A: I am new to ETABS as well, but I believe it does take main rebar into account for shear design. I ...
mat foundation4/11/2007
  Q: the whole consideration for design mat foundation for tall building ANSWER: Dear Farhana, Your ...
  A: I am sorry, but I cannot carry out full designs over this forum- I just answer specific questions ...
mat foundation4/10/2007
  Q: the whole consideration for design mat foundation for tall building
  A: Your question is not quite detailed enough for me to respond properly, but if you are asking about ...
Wind Loads in Uganda3/31/2007
  Q: Arshad, What is the Basic Wind Speed that one needs to consider for the design of Structures in ...
  A: Srinivas, I am afriad I am a bit out of touch with current procedures in Uganda as the last time I ...
Eccentric Load at Foundation3/18/2007
  Q: Mr. Khan- I need to do an eccentric load check on a residential foundation at a point load. The ...
  A: I normally do not design over this forum, but if the figures you have quoted are correct then it's a ...
Three-hinged beam3/7/2007
  Q: I have an assignment that it is "three-hinged beam" with a point load (say 50 kips right at the ...
  A: First you have to ask what the boundary conditions are- i.e. teh columns at either end. Are they ...
Tempeture effect2/7/2007
  Q: What temperature effect may be at any building due to high temperature & coldness.
  A: Basically this will mean that the external surface will be expanding or contracting at a different ...
pad foundation calculations2/1/2007
  Q: How would you calculate the plan area of a pad foundation to anaxial loaded column, where the total ...
  A: That is simple- just divide 195 by 205 and the answer is the pad area in m2. However, this assumes ...
Math1/12/2007
  Q: What is a mathmatical equation relating to math that someone in the field would understand if I were ...
  A: I am not sure what you are asking, but one maths formula would be area of a circle= pie x r x r. Or ...
ETABS1/2/2007
  Q: Wish you & your Dear Ones a Happy & Prosperous New Year 2007. I would like to know the following: - ...
  A: 1. For hollow core slabs, to simulate one-way loading on to beams, you should use "planks". 2. This ...
parameters of class 25 concrete12/30/2006
  Q: I did a cube crushing test and the 28 days results gave me 22.2N/mm2. I would like to know if my ...
  A: Based on just one test, yours has failed. Normally lots of tests are done on the same mix of ...
School assignment12/28/2006
  Q: My name is Michael. I am a student at Brooklyn Technical High School in New York. My assignment ...
  A: Due to the nature of this service, we do not give out personal email details, nor are we suppossed ...
ETABS12/24/2006
  Q: - Can I know difference of rigid & semi-rigid diaphragm in ETABS. - I couldn’t find any option for ...
  A: Sorry, I was travelling hence delay in replying: 1. Rigid diaphragm allows no in-plane deformation, ...
ETABS12/20/2006
  Q: I am a new user using ETABS Nonlinear v9.0.9 version for design of RCC buildings. I would like to ...
  A: I am fairly new to ETABS too, but I can answer as follows: 1. Suggest you use semi-rigid diaphragm, ...
footing design12/11/2006
  Q: Sir, I am analyising a piperack str. in which two piperacks are meeting at the junction say piperack ...
  A: This is difficult to answer without looking at the plans and knowing the foundation conditions. ...
Foundations12/3/2006
  Q: what foundation would be most suitable for a factory which is to be erected on the site of a ...
  A: This is difficult to answer as it all depends on how well the limestone has been compacted, how long ...
Condensation11/20/2006
  Q: I am trying to calculate whether condensation could occur within a composite roofing structure. The ...
  A: I am sorry, but I am not an expert on this subject. I hope you can get help elsewhere. What I can ...
Civil engineers11/17/2006
  Q: What type of people enter the field and what values do civil engineers have?
  A: Well, it's a very exciting and fullfilling career, but not as highly-paid as other professions such ...
RCC beam slab11/12/2006
  Q: I am a student of architecture. Can you please tel me if i can have a room of 24m by 15m with no ...
  A: Yes, you can but you will need downstand beams of about 1.2m depth spanning 15m from the columns at ...
7" slab strength11/11/2006
  Q: I am on the 3rd floor of a converted industrial loft building. I am building a concrete block ...
  A: My only comment is that you need a competent structural engineer to study the design drawings of the ...
Civil Engineering (Retrofitting)11/11/2006
  Q: There is tank made of stone masonary and platered all inside and the tank is now damged in EQ and ...
  A: I presume this is a circular tank and that the main structure is not damaged or badly cracked? If ...
Civil engineering job11/2/2006
  Q: There is a perception amomg many people that jobs in civil engg are really tough compared to other ...
  A: No, that is not the case- you can have a very high powered and office based job with an excellent ...
Maintenance10/28/2006
  Q: I have often been confused about maintenance, as it relates to Civil Engineers. How can Civil ...
  A: Basically, it relates to regular inspections and remedial work on items that have sufferred from ...
Wind Load10/28/2006
  Q: How Dynamic Effect of Wind Load taken in to consideration in Tall Buildings ?
  A: For tall buildings, there are approximate formulae to calculate the dynamic loading, but generally ...
Engineering10/26/2006
  Q: Hello, my name is John O'Donnell and I want to become an engineer. My brother is an engineer and it ...
  A: I am asked this question quite often, so if you do not mind, I will cut and paste a Q&A below, which ...
pipe design10/25/2006
  Q: i have figured out that headloss is 40m now giving me the slope, ...
  A: I am not an expert on this, but looking at the formula, if V is the velocity then you can get that ...
Pad Foundation10/22/2006
  Q: But these web sites are just showing solved examples. Whereas i want to know that how the formula is ...
  A: The formulae are given in the link I sent you and are based on the basic principles of physics- i.e. ...
Pad Foundation10/21/2006
  Q: A quick question. If Pad foundation comes under eccentric loading P. Pad having dimension D and B. ...
  A: You will find the answer/formula at the following website: ...
statistics on its contribution10/18/2006
  Q: I would like to know if civil engineers save more lives than doctors or is my statement true? If its ...
  A: In abstract terms, yes Civil engineers do save many more lives than doctors, as if they did not ...
ultra high performance fibre reinforced concrete10/18/2006
  Q: could you please explain ultra high performance fibre reinforced concrete, it's make up, properties, ...
  A: I am sorry but I do not have personal experience of using this material. However, the following ...
good career choice?10/17/2006
  Q: Please, please, please help me. I've applied to do Civil Engineering at University, but I'm ...
  A: Yes, you can make good money, but probably later in your career. It is not as well paying as ...
footing design10/16/2006
  Q: I have a problem of designing a column at the boundary of the site and footing design to be done for ...
  A: It is difficult to explain that through this medium, but if you put some key words in google, you ...
Salaries in RSA and Angola10/13/2006
  Q: I have a masters in Civil Engieering construction management from the university of texas austin and ...
  A: You have not mentioned how many years experience you have as salaries and openings depend on that. ...
Raft foundations10/9/2006
  Q: Is good practice put the piles under de colummns in a pile-raft foundation?
  A: There is no reason not to put piles right under the columns- basically the layout and spacing of ...
Example of math/work10/5/2006
  Q: Hey I'm thinking about going into Civil Engineering. What I do know is that it's one of the easier ...
  A: The maths can get very complex if you do it long-hand, but these days there are tools such as ...
The role of civil engineers10/4/2006
  Q: I'm a student who study in civil & structural engineering course in Malaysia.I want to ask that what ...
  A: In a nutshell, the role is in designing projects which are safe, economical, durable and functional, ...
Point Load in One Way Slab10/4/2006
  Q: I search a theorical approach to design a point load in a one way slab. Suppose I got a one way ...
  A: The rule of thumb for this is that you use a width of slab equal to one fifth of the span, so in ...
math9/29/2006
  Q: what is the specific job of a civil engineering?
  A: I am a bit confused- are you asking about math or civil engineering? Anyway, just to confirm that ...
Construction-future9/28/2006
  Q: I am doing a project on the possible future wonders of the world..and i just cant remember the name ...
  A: There are several such projects proposed. Here are a few links: ...
Construction /Civil Engineering Terms9/24/2006
  Q: I always have problems in identifying the materials, equipments or terminology of construction or ...
  A: Try this website- it has a wealth of info and links: http://www.guideme.com/CivilEngineering.htm A ...
Thermal Expansion of a Pipe9/21/2006
  Q: What's the formula for the increase in the outside diameter of a pipe when it heats up? And what's ...
  A: John, This not my area of expertise, but I would imagine that the formula would be: Coeff of ...
Slab Strength9/20/2006
  Q: I have a oil tank which I would like to place on a slab of concrete. The concrete is an average of ...
  A: As a direct pressure on the concrete, it should be OK (you have not mentioned grade of concrete or ...
Pad Foundation9/11/2006
  Q: I am in the process of calculating the foundation size for a second floor extionsion, supported by 2 ...
  A: Basically you will need to work out the total weight of the pier and the floor/walls/live load that ...
example of design calculation of rc structure9/9/2006
  Q: I am going to indergo my profesional exam. I need some hand design calculation examples for me to do ...
  A: I cannot send you examples through this forum, but if you go to the following website and click on ...
Raft foundation+forklift movement9/6/2006
  Q: I have this situation: a. 3 story building with raft foundation of 60cm depth. b. forklift ...
  A: I do not design structures over this forum, but I will answer your questions as far as the info you ...
Strengthen the concrete8/21/2006
  Q: how can i strengthen the concrete with 1200psi to 3000 psi?
  A: This depends- if it is already cast, solid, there is nothing you can do, but the concrete will gain ...
Pad foundations6/12/2006
  Q: I have a steel column which is to carry a load of 25Te, is a pad foundation the right foundation to ...
  A: This is not easy to answer as it depends on many factors- e.g. is the column braced in all ...
Modelling structures5/19/2006
  Q: I wish to know how we go about modeling a civil engineering structure. Specifically bridges. I'm ...
  A: This is a complicated subject that I cannot go into over this medium. I suggest you buy some ...
foundation decision5/14/2006
  Q: I need help with deciding if it is a good idea to use a concrete pad foundation or the traditional ...
  A: Foundations are very difficult to advise upon remotely as there are too many variables and potential ...
Mohrs theorm5/9/2006
  Q: Sir, Plz tell me how to understand mohr's theorem for structural analysis and if possible for ...
  A: The definition for structural analysis is as follows: Used for determining slope and deflection of ...
Vierendeel Truss5/1/2006
  Q: I have a question about Vierendeel Truss (no diagonals) that I have to solve it by hand (because of ...
  A: That is easy! Just work out your overall bending moment and shear force diagram between the 2 main ...
Professional Fee4/14/2006
  Q: I'm just new as a civil engineer in CA and would want to know the professional fee on designing a ...
  A: I am sorry but I have no idea of how much fee is charged in CA, but as a guideline, I would apply ...
tower cranes3/24/2006
  Q: I would like to request more information to the answer you gave on 6/20/2005 regarding tower cranes. ...
  A: What you would do is to dismantle the smaller crane into small enough componenest to enable ...
Force vectors3/12/2006
  Q: How do you calculate the horizonal vector of force in a case where a conical object with weight 'w' ...
  A: From first principles, and ignoring friction, and assuming that the material of the cone is quite ...
eccentric footing2/22/2006
  Q: First I realy appreciate your help to whome realy need to go on with one's feild without any ...
  A: Yes, you have to design it as required by the geometry, for example for a boundary wall this is a ...
Suspension bridges2/16/2006
  Q: I'm doing a science fair project at school, on "how can a suspension bridge hold so much weight ...
  A: The main reason is that suspension bridges work on the principle of tension in a cable, which is ...
Stiffness Calculation1/30/2006
  Q: I have been trying to find out about stiffness calculation. This can be stiffness of vertical steel ...
  A: Go to this website and download the pdf document- it has all the answers. ...
civil engineering safety and equipment1/26/2006
  Q: can you tell me what safety precautions civil engineers use and what type of special equipment they ...
  A: If you mean what they use when out on site, the the answer is as follows: 1. A pair of safety shoes ...
Engineering12/29/2005
  Q: What special skills would you need to suceed in engineering?
  A: Well, you ahve not mentioned which type of engineering (civil, structural, mechanical, electrical, ...
Plate thickness calculation for a Wall Plate12/2/2005
  Q: I have been trying to find out the best way to calculate plate thickness of an embeded wall plate ...
  A: Your principle seems OK, but I do not know what a nelson stud is, nor it's diameter. Have you taken ...
"Floor" Finite Element Analysis Program11/20/2005
  Q: First of all, I would like to thank you for answering my earlier question. This time, I would like ...
  A: I think you are referring to the ADAPT-Floor software, which is a very good one for PT flat slabs. ...
Stress Distribution formula when e>L/611/13/2005
  Q: My question is regarding stress distribution formula due to eccentric loading (say on a retaining ...
  A: The formula you quoted needs slight correction: When e<L/6, sigma (max. soil pressure)=P/A * (1 + ...
Channel strength10/16/2005
  Q: This may sound trivial, but it is important to me. Which of the following is strongest? 1. 1" ...
  A: This is not a trivial question, but a good one! The answer to your question is as you say- the 1" ...
Aerodynamics9/15/2005
  Q: I am a M.Tech. student. I wanted information about aerodynamics, how is it related to civil ...
  A: Aerodynamics is relevant to civil engineering mainly to do with the effects of wind on buildings, ...
Translucent concrete8/30/2005
  Q: hmmm..it's possible I am incorrect about the direction in which the fiber optics are laid, and each ...
  A: I am not an expert in sound proofing, but I guess something like a car silencer would work- lots of ...
Translucent concrete8/25/2005
  Q: ------------------------- My understanding from a recent Science News is that the concrete is poured ...
  A: What you describe would probably only be translucent along the longitudinal axis, but using ...
Translucent concrete8/23/2005
  Q: I am really excited by the recent invention of translucent concrete. Can you tell me if anything ...
  A: As you said, this is a fairly recent invention and not much has been published about it. All I know ...
rammer construction8/4/2005
  Q: STATEMENT OF PROMBLEM Q1)What exactly is the 2.5kg rammer used to solve. PURPOSE OF ...
  A: I am really sorry to say I do not know what a 2.5 kg rammer is, unless it is for compacting cubes? ...
Tower cranes6/20/2005
  Q: I saw your earlier response about how the tower cranes are supported, but my question is how are ...
  A: The crane within a building is usually mounted on the walls of the lift shaft and it is jacked up as ...
tuning combs5/25/2005
  Q: but another question...isn't the musical instrument thingy called a tuning fork [with 2 prongs]? ...
  A: Yes, you are absolutely right- the musical ones are forks. Visit the following website to get some ...
tuning combs5/24/2005
  Q: I recently acquired a set of tuning combs. They look old, are metal [brass?] and came in a brass ...
  A: As far as I know, these are used more in mechanical engineering (where vibration and frequency of ...
construction crane counterweighting4/20/2005
  Q: Construction cranes seem to all have a big "box" hanging from their back ends-- is this the ...
  A: Well you are quite right- such cranes would topple over if they did not have travelling ...
construction crane counterweighting4/20/2005
  Q: Construction cranes seem to all have a big "box" hanging from their back ends-- is this the ...
  A: Yes, that is the counterweight and it is calibrated to balance the median of the max and minimum ...
Concrete Shear Loading4/15/2005
  Q: I have a 4 inch concrete slab sticking out of the side of my house over a window. What is the ...
  A: This question cannot be answered by any engineer unless he knows the amount and placement of main ...
Creativity and Civil Engineering4/3/2005
  Q: How are you? My friend is trying to apply for an internship, and he has to write a short paper ...
  A: This is such an open-ended question, it is difficult to answer through this medium. Maybe he can ...
Working in Africa4/3/2005
  Q: I have been offered to work in Mozambique. They offered me 7000€/month plus 180 US$/month. I have 4 ...
  A: I have no experience in Mozambique and I do not know the cost of living there, nor the terms and ...
Estimating3/22/2005
  Q: Given a working drawing of abuilding, what procedures or guidelines should one follow in order to ...
  A: Basically you have to measure the materials of permanent construction (e.g. concrete, rebar, ...
R.C.C Design3/9/2005
  Q: I would like to know a detailed procedure (Calculation with formulas & abravations) for a R.C.C ...
  A: This is too long a subject to describe through this medium. The basics of design are to: 1. ...
roadworks2/28/2005
  Q: ------------------------- Followup To Answer - You're welcome! Ok, well i guess im right, on all ...
  A: 1. Past track record, experience, reputation and references. 2. Meeting tight deadlines and accuracy ...
roadworks2/28/2005
  Q: ------------------------- Followup To Answer - Hi Mbenic, It's not my area of expertise but I ...
  A: Yes, you have the basics correct. Of course, before the earthworks one has to do the setting out in ...
bridge and army2/19/2005
  Q: is this true that army never marches on a bridge because this can cause resonance and bridge can ...
  A: Yes, this is very true. You amy have head of the Millenniem Bridge in London which on the first day ...
Load weight question: Deck2/13/2005
  Q: We built a new deck onto our house one year ago with the intention of adding a hot tub in one ...
  A: I had replied earlier, but seems it did not get to you. I regret I cannot design over this forum ...
reinforcement2/11/2005
  Q: 1.how calculate the vertical overlaps in colum for 2nd floor 2.how calculate the "L" bent in column ...
  A: These are difficult questions to answer through this medium. I suggest you study a book of basics in ...
About modelling RC2/4/2005
  Q: I hope that you can help me with this! I am designing a small rural clinic as part of a project and ...
  A: This is difficult to explain properly through this medium, but in general all software work like ...
Bridges1/27/2005
  Q: I am building a bridge for a physics class and was wondering what the strongest type of bridge would ...
  A: You have a very interesting project. The different types of bridges are suited for different spans. ...
bracing value of masonry walls1/16/2005
  Q: I live in a small country town in Australia. I did a materials engineering degree at university but ...
  A: Design of blockwork is not an exact science, especially when you are assessing strength not ...
an eggcatcher1/14/2005
  Q: in my physics class we have to do an experiment of designing a egg catcher. This egg catcher can ...
  A: I guess the best way to do this is to design a channel with has a cross-section of a semi-circle ...
ground settling1/14/2005
  Q: I have a question in regards to ground settling. Our parking lot is settling in a certain area ...
  A: It is very difficult to give advice about ground problems without physically inspecting it. However, ...
bracing value of masonry walls1/13/2005
  Q: I live in a small country town in Australia. I did a materials engineering degree at university but ...
  A: I am not sure what you mean by bracing value, but if it is about lateral bracing of a building by ...
Civil Engineering Question1/8/2005
  Q: I am Stephanie, a first year university student (not enrolled in engineering though). I came across ...
  A: Yes, you have the calculation correct, except that you have to have consistent units, so first ...
Civil Engineering Question1/7/2005
  Q: I am Stephanie, a first year university student (not enrolled in engineering though). I came across ...
  A: This one is easy as pie! The deflection formula for a simply supported beam with pin supports is: ...
Damage detection1/6/2005
  Q: Hope u to be fine out there. Do u have any experience in research for the damage detection of ...
  A: No I do not have direct exeperience of this but I did a quick search for you. Try the following web ...
Bridge construction12/31/2004
  Q: I am doing a science fair project on civil engineering. The project is about which bridge can hold ...
  A: You have a very interesting project. The different types of bridges are suited for different spans. ...
Tunneling12/20/2004
  Q: This may not be your specific subject but your profile seemed the closest I could find. It occurred ...
  A: The main reason for this is to prevent a form of visual hypnosis in drivers if they drive for long ...
basic information9/10/2004
  Q: Can u tell me what is the "Principle of virtual work" , "Castigliano's theorem" and "Unit ...
  A: It's been a VERY long time since I was taught these theorems, so the best way for you to learn them ...
Straw structures?9/9/2004
  Q: I recently had to build a drinking straw structure in order that it might support the wieght of a ...
  A: I would say that you should build a tower of say 3"x 3" square on plan, with 4 no. 8" long columns ...
notional load to building9/8/2004
  Q: According to BS code BS8110(similar to other codes), there is a requirement that the building must ...
  A: Here are the answers: 1. Yes, apply it at basement and ground floor levels too. 2. Yes, the ...
Why are canals in Central...6/13/2004
  Q: Why are canals in Central AZ designed with an unenclosed top?
  A: I am not sure where AZ is (Azerbaijan?), but usually any canals that are open-top are usually ...
building design6/5/2004
  Q: respected sir, How can I be expert in the design of buildings. what books I should study.
  A: This is a difficult question to answer. Basically you need to do a course in structural engineering ...
can forecast earthquake's...5/31/2004
  Q: can forecast earthquake's time and its place?
  A: The science of predicting earthquakes is not very good for the long-range, although instruments can ...
H-Beam cantilever5/30/2004
  Q: When I had my manufactured home installed I had the beams upgraded to a 10" H-Beam so that I did not ...
  A: Unfortunately, I need more info about the section size before I can work out the load carrying ...
your advise to new graduate....5/29/2004
  Q: MR.Arshad Khan ... I'm really thankful to the great job you are doing to civils and my quesition is ...
  A: I would suggest you try and get some site experience before you go too far into a design office ...
how to improve the great wall of china5/27/2004
  Q: Let say you is a porfessional engineer and now you was in the ancient time at china. now you want to ...
  A: This is an interesting question, but I would like to know what you mean by "improve" the wall. For ...
Plinth Walls5/26/2004
  Q: Thanx for ur reply but do u have any picture (diagram) which can clarify this concept cos i am not ...
  A: Sorry I cannot send a picture, but basically, if you assume that the top of foundation is say 1.0 m ...
Plinth Walls5/25/2004
  Q: Can U plz tell me that what all are the plinth walls and what are thier functions also do u have ...
  A: Plinth walls are short walls that are usually integral with the foundations (usually strip footings) ...
civil engineering5/20/2004
  Q: What is a perch and what is it used for? What is "breaking chain"? Gunter's chain is how many ...
  A: 1. As far as I know, a perch is a fish and can be used as a pet or as food! 2. A gunter's chain is ...
structural engineering5/16/2004
  Q: Whrere on the internet can i find information about equivalent frame method of analysis of concrete ...
  A: If you mean the force method, then check this site: ...
structural engineering5/13/2004
  Q: Where on the internet and in books can i find some literature to study about transfer of moments ...
  A: Yes, if you goo to Google and type "Moment Distribution", you will find lots of info. Here is one ...
hello5/13/2004
  Q: hey, im chris robles, and i go to oakmont high school. we are doing a carrer project right now, and ...
  A: I am often asked such questions, so if you do not mind, i will cut and past a Q&A session which may ...
Raft Foundations5/11/2004
  Q: Could you please explain how a raft foundation can be progressively stiffened, as the need arises ...
  A: I am not sure whether I have understood you correctly, but if a raft has say more loading in the ...
Hydraulic cosiderations5/10/2004
  Q: My query is can u plz tell me what all are the hydraulic considerations while designing a bridge. ...
  A: The main considerations are of course hydraulic loading during flood conditions, as well as debris ...
lifting heavy weight5/6/2004
  Q: How much weight can a helecopter lift and factors must a pilot consider when lifting larger ...
  A: This is not really my expertise, but I did some research for you and it appaers that a Sikorsky ...
earthquake on an burried structure4/20/2004
  Q: I am Adel and I am working on a project in which we have a reinforced concrete box structure which ...
  A: You are correct in principle, but it also depends on what type of soil is backfilled and what the ...
p-delta analysis4/8/2004
  Q: I have a question about p-delta analysis which etabs does . Etabs does this analysis only on frame ...
  A: I do not used ETABS, but if it is similar to STAAD, then what I would do is enclose the (shear wall ...
Rcc eccentric footing design (isolated)4/8/2004
  Q: My question is how to design a spread footing which is located just near the boundry of the plot, ...
  A: Yes, this is a common problem and you need to design it as an eccentrically loaded pad footing, ...
Weight Distrubution4/1/2004
  Q: I am wondering whether a scale actually measures the entire weight of an object. For example if I ...
  A: I regret to inform you that always weight down (action) equals wheel or axel loading (reaction)- ...
Civil Engineering Software3/30/2004
  Q: I'm a Civil Engineering student from India and have a keen interest in computers as well. What ...
  A: The most useful software is Excel or other spreadsheet, and after that an analysis package like ...
Culverts and Bridge3/26/2004
  Q: I just dont get ur sentence "and as it does not have a floor, it is called a bridge." do bridges ...
  A: . . Hi Adeel, If you consider a box culvert for say a river to pass through under a road, then the ...
Culverts and Bridge3/25/2004
  Q: Can u plz tell me that what is the difference between a culvert and bridge, cos somebody told me ...
  A: Actually, both your advisors are correct. A culvert usually is either circular or rectangular in ...
Building volumes3/24/2004
  Q: What is the interior volume of the Super Dome in New Orleans or any other very large enclosed ...
  A: . . Hi Mel, I don't know about the super dome, but the Millennium Dome in London has a volume of ...
Application of differential equatios in ...3/22/2004
  Q: I research about application of differential equations in civil engineering.But i can not find ...
  A: . . Hi Behroz, I have checked out a few websites for you and the following gives numerous examples ...
Safety culture3/19/2004
  Q: how to improve safety culture and does ISO guarntee that and why ?
  A: . . Hi Sam, This is a wide ranging subject, and difficult to do justice to through this medium. ...
I AM A CLASS 12 STUDENT LIVING...3/19/2004
  Q: I AM A CLASS 12 STUDENT LIVING IN INDIA(CALCUTTA). I HAVE A CRAZE IN DESIGNING SKETCHES OF ...
  A: . . Hi Alokjuneja, Well, if you also like and are good at maths and physics, then would recommned ...
Flexibility Method3/18/2004
  Q: Can you please provide a solution to the following problem: A propped cantilever beam with a span ...
  A: . . Hi Paul, Although I can work out the answers for you, it would be far better if you understood ...
Partition wall3/14/2004
  Q: Thanx for your early response. The problem i want to solve out is that i want to construct a 4 1/2 ...
  A: . . Hi Adeel, I still do not know the quality of the existing floor or soil below, but assuming ...
Partition wall3/13/2004
  Q: I just want to inquire that is it necessary to have the foundation of 4 1/2 inch brick wall also can ...
  A: . . Hi Adeel, Hi, This is a very difficult question to answer without knowing the design and ...
doubt clearance ...3/6/2004
  Q: respected sir, could you state in detail by giving "points" :- 1)the functions ...
  A: The main difference between lintels and arches is that the former is straight and horizontal while ...
Civil Related3/5/2004
  Q: Can you just clearly explain, How is particle board and plywood prepared ? ...
  A: Particle (or chip) board is fine thin fingers of wood which are wetted, and compressed with glue to ...
Doubts ...3/5/2004
  Q: Define the following terms :- 1)Architrave 2)Venetian Blind 3)Sash 4)FanLight plz do ...
  A: This is really more to do with Architecture, but here are your answers: 1.The moulding around a ...
Foundation Proposals3/4/2004
  Q: what would the best way for constructing mass filled pad foundations. I relaise there is the ...
  A: . . . Hi Martin, Thanks for further info, but this is still not enough for me to give you specific ...
Foundation Proposals3/3/2004
  Q: what would the best way for constructing mass filled pad foundations. I relaise there is the ...
  A: It is difficult to give you a method statement without knowing full geotechnical details, etc. ...
student advice (mumbai university)3/3/2004
  Q: i dont know if u can help me but anyway here it goes i am a sem 8 construction engg student in shah ...
  A: . . . Hi Nitin, I am really sorry to say that I have no idea what sem 7 and 8 mean in the Indian ...
engineering2/26/2004
  Q: espected sir, I WILL BE COMPLETING MY CIVIL ENGINEERING THIS YEAR. WHAT TO DO NEXT? STRUCTURAL ...
  A: This is a difficult question for me to answer as I do not know enough of your personal ...
Seismic2/19/2004
  Q: Client Project states "seismic" shall be Class 2b with acceleration factor of 0.2g; and, ...
  A: From what I can make out, both references to 0.2 g are the same thing. Zone 2b is a ...
Engineering2/12/2004
  Q: Im sorry to bother you, but are u familiar with aerospace engineering, if not could you please ...
  A: I am sorry to say that this is not my field of expertise, nor do I have any contacts. However, if ...
stresses & strains11/5/2003
  Q: I'm a 3rd year student of civil engineering here in Canada, I have sort of a stupid question, I am ...
  A: Not such a dumb question, really! Shear strength is what the member can take/resist, by it's ...
What is a civil engineer?10/28/2003
  Q: Khan, I've heard great things about civil engineering, and I am now thinking about taking it as my ...
  A: Well, it's a very exciting and fullfilling career, but not as highly-paid as other professions such ...
Bridges10/11/2003
  Q: I am making a portfolio on an excursion we had at school. It was about bridges. There are some ...
  A: Hi Well, I am sorry but I had only heard of no.1 and 2- perhaps because I live in Europe and ...
Newtonian Fluids9/26/2003
  Q: Arshad Khan, Thank you for taking time to answer a very basic question. In the most basic terms you ...
  A: I am sorry but this is not within my expertise- it is in the oil exploration field. I ahd to do some ...
Disasters and Construction9/2/2003
  Q: Can buildings be constructed to withstand earthquakes, floods, bombs, and other natural & human ...
  A: Yes, to a limited extent one can design against all these disasters, but it is a question of how ...
concrete bridge repair6/7/2003
  Q: there is 35 year bridge has a lot of defects during carbonation and overload. should i replace the ...
  A: > > Hi Maha, This is very difficult to advise on without inspecting the structure myself. However, ...
Civil engineering5/5/2003
  Q: 1)Whart services are required in a medium rise building & how are provisions made for there ...
  A: I have already answered 1, 2 and 4 as below, and now answer 3. Although I cannot give you detailed ...
For my English Career Project.4/28/2003
  Q: 1. What do you like most about your job? 2. How did you become interested in your career? 3. Briefly ...
  A: Let me forward you the Q&A below which may answer many of your questions. This was in answer to ...
Civil Eng.4/18/2003
  Q: I'm a college student who is checking ot the different fields of engineering. I was courious as to ...
  A: Let me forward you the Q&A below which may answer many of your questions. This was in answer to ...
Reasons4/16/2003
  Q: Why do you do your job?
  A: That's a question I have not been asked before!! I do it because I love to be creative and find ...
I'm currently studying civil...3/28/2003
  Q: I'm currently studying civil engineering and I'm trying to decide in which field to specialize. If ...
  A: Let me forward you the Q&A below which may answer many of your questions. This was in answer to ...
Help!3/25/2003
  Q: my name is Margarita Cruz I'm a student at the University of Puerto Rico, and for my geography ...
  A: I am not an expert on canals, but from what I know, canalisation is man-made profiling of the river ...
rcc design12/9/2002
  Q: my question is that what is the criteria to establish the positions of columns if we were provided ...
  A: Sorry for this late reply- I was travelling. 1. There is no limit to the space between columns, but ...
shapes of materials11/25/2002
  Q: I did some experiments with folding paper and found that paper shaped into a cylinder with a ...
  A: Yes, your experiments are correct in principal, but the results can vary depending on the relative ...
Job Question11/20/2002
  Q: What is it like to be an engineer (do you like it? (for school career assignment))?
  A: I have had similar questions before, so if you do not mind I will cut & paste a Q&A section which ...
Mechanical testing of wood11/20/2002
  Q: and we recently had a wood lab where we tested wood for different strengths (tensile, cleavage, ...
  A: I am not an expert on timber design, but from first principles I would say that the reason the wood ...
earth quack9/15/2002
  Q: for designing gruond water tank or reservoir with 6 m high R.C ,sould i consider the earthquack ...
  A: If you are in a high-risk seismic zone, then yes, reservoirs should be designed against earthquakes. ...
Pattern developing9/11/2002
  Q: Hope you can help me, I am a plastic tech, basically welding plastic. Recently I was asked to ...
  A: I am sorry to say that this is not within my expertise, nor do I know where to refer you to. ...
Geotechnia8/22/2002
  Q: Im a first semester Civil Engineering student in Mexico. I was just looking for some general, broad ...
  A: Geotechnical engineering is the application of soil mechanics to practical problems, such as slope ...
Design8/12/2002
  Q: I have a 14 year old son who is very interested in building structures---especially bridges, ...
  A: There are several CAD software on the market, but I have not tried out the simple/basic ones. ...
architecture7/25/2002
  Q: what would be the height of the interior of a three story building with a central fourth story ...
  A: Normally, the height of an office building would be 3-3.5 m per floor. However, for public assembly ...
Load bearing5/27/2002
  Q: this may be a long shot but I wonder if you can help. I'm trying to find out if there's a ...
  A: Yes, you can either get a proper in-situ plate bearing test carried out by a suitable laboratory, or ...
concrete9/25/2001
  Q: please explain the term carbonation in reference to reinforced concrete.
  A: Hi Carbonation is the affect of carbon dioxide in air neutralizing the alkalis in concrete over a ...
Concrete9/23/2001
  Q: What is the difference as percent cost between a reinforced concrete slab and a normal coc. slab. ...
  A: Firstly I am not sure what a "coc" slab is. If this is just a concrete slab, or any other type of ...
Pad foundations6/21/2001
  Q: What is the method of constructing an isolated reinforced concrete pad foundation?
  A: This appears to be a trick question, perhaps? If not, the answer is quite simple. You dig a hole in ...
civil engineering5/18/2001
  Q: How many days do you work?Do I work with people or machines?What did you begin as?Then what where ...
  A: The answers are in BOLD below: How many days do you work? AVERAGE 5-6 A WEEK, 42 WEEKS A YEAR. Do I ...
Wall Edge Footing4/24/2001
  Q: I have an edge wall footing(L shape) for a reinforced concrete wall. The wall is 6m in height above ...
  A: The only way this can be designed is to have a fairly long and thick base, so that it's centroid ...
CONSTRUCTION CRANES4/5/2001
  Q: HOW ARE CONSTUCTION CRANES LIFTED TO THE TOP OF BUILDINGS UNDER CONSRTUCTION? ARE THE ANCHORED TO ...
  A: Most cranes for multistorey buildings are so-called self-climbing tower cranes. They are always ...
General3/29/2001
  Q: Khan, Hello again and hope you're doing great. This time I don't have a specific question, it's a ...
  A: Your question is very difficult to answer as there are so many variables. Basically, whether one ...
Follow-Up3/20/2001
  Q: Khan, Hello, I asked a Question regarding one-way shear transfer of wheel load on a solid slab, but ...
  A: Jarkas, I believe I have already answered your question yesterday by giving you the principles. ...
Follow-Up3/20/2001
  Q: Khan, Hello, and thank you for your prompt response regarding our previous questions. I would like ...
  A: Jarkas, Your question is incomplete, but from what I can make out, here is the answer: If the ...
Analysis3/18/2001
  Q: Khan, Good Day. I have two questions for you. 1. Suppose you have a non-linear simply supported ...
  A: Jarkas, Your second question is incomplete. Here is the answer to your first: If the two supports ...
Reinforced Concrete Industrial Facilities Design load.3/10/2001
  Q: Khan, Good Day, I have two questions for you in the above mentioned subject. We have an industrial ...
  A: Jarkas, You have asked several questions, all of which are inter-related. If I have my units ...

All Questions in This Category

Email this page
     
User Agreement | Privacy Policy | Kids' Privacy Policy | Help
Copyright  © 2006 About, Inc. AllExperts, AllExperts.com, and About.com are registered trademarks of About, Inc. All rights reserved.