AboutDavid L. Russell, PE Expertise I`m a Chemical,Civil and Environmental Engineer and have a number of projects in all phases of the environment.
I have worked in the chemical industry and am active in professional societies, and am currently on an industrial wastes committee for the Water Environment Federation, and have taught courses in remediation in the US and abroad.
I have written one book on Remediation of petroleum Contaminated Sites, and have a second book on PRACTICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT to be published by John Wiley in September, 2006. I've also written over 30 articles on various elements of environmental problems and cleanup. Most Recently, I have addressed a NATO Scientific and Techical Conference on Ecoterrorism, and have worked with the same group on remediation of sites contaminated with Chemical Warfare Agent materials and othe materials as well. . I can answer q`s about Chemical and Environmental Engineering, land development, air pollution, water pollution, soil and water cleanup, combustion, international environmental problems, industrial processes chemical processes. Civil and Environmental and Chemical Engineering. Overall, I have over 35 years of experience in this area. Note: I do not answer homework questions
Experience I love work in the third world and developing areas
because it is challenging and one can get a sense of accomplishment.
what is the conversion factor for nox emissions per litre of fuel burned for both petrol and diesel vehicles?
Answer Offhand, I don't know but here's the best information I have. It depends on the fuel economy. In the US, the general emission standard is 0.1 gram per mile.
In digging around a bit I found this gem on the proposed new emission standards for vehicles:
Proposed Vehicle Emission Standards
The proposed tailpipe standards would be structured into 7 certification levels of different stringency, called EPA bins, and an average standard for oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions to be met by vehicle fleets sold by each manufacturer.
The fleet average NOx standard would be set at 0.07 grams per mile (g/mi) for all classes of passenger vehicles, including light-duty trucks, such as the largest SUVs. Vehicles weighing less than 6000 pounds (such as cars) would be phased-in to this standard between 2004 and 2007.
For the heaviest light-duty trucks (such as bigger SUVs), the proposal provides a three-step phase-in program. In 2004, a standard of 0.6 g/mi NOx would be implemented. An interim standard of 0.2 g/mi would be phased-in between 2004-2007. In the final step, 50 percent of these vehicles would meet the 0.07 standard in 2008, and the remaining 50 percent will comply in 2009.
Current Tier 1 NOx standards range from 0.4 g/mi for cars (1.0 g/mi for diesel cars) to 1.1 g/mi for LDTs over 5,750 lbs.
There is no fleet average standard for particulate matter (PM) emissions. The PM standards for the particular certification bins range from 0 (bin 1, zero emission vehicle), through 0.01 g/mi (bins 2-5), to 0.02 (bins 6 and 7). Current Tier 1 PM standard for diesel cars is 0.08 g/mi.
I do not know when it will be enforced, but I believe that it will be in place by 2015 or perhaps as soon as 2013
There is a different standard set for off road vehicles such as earth moving equipment and tractors which is less stringent.
