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About Dr Thomas Bell
(Top Expert on this page)

Expertise
I can answer questions regarding surface earth processes and the chemical transformations that sediments and rocks undergo with burial. I can also answer questions regarding deep time, the evolution of the elements, and the last 4.5 billion years of earth history. I specialize in metallic ore forming processes, the major geologic time periods when they were produced and what they tell us about the evolution of our planet. Learn more about my professional interests at Stratamodel.com.

Experience
I am a professional consulting geologist with a background in the petroleum, mining, environmental, and geotechnical industries with over 25 years of experience.

Education/Credentials
Ph.D., Geology, University of California at Berkeley, 1984 M.A., Geology, University of California at Berkeley, 1980 B.S., Geology, San Jose State University, 1978

   

You are here:  Experts > Science > Geology > Geology

SubjectDate AskedExpert

ocean levels7/13/2009Keith Patton
  Q: Was there even an epoc time when the ocaen levels at the north pole were minimal or non existant?
  A: Jeff: I want to make sure that you understand that The ontinents have moved a lot in the past. It ...
Mountains and stability of the earth (crust)7/12/2009Dr D.Venkat Reddy
  Q: If the mountains doesn't exist or they have not been made at first, and there was no ability for ...
  A: Farhad You have to read general geology to understand the crustal configuration.Earh is fored from ...
Boulders7/12/2009C. Robert Reszka, Jr.
  Q: This may be odd...but I want to use a red surface boulder, what I would describe as rounded, not ...
  A: There are many minerals that are red but you probably won't find any large enough for a headstone. ...
unknown rock7/11/2009Dr D.Venkat Reddy
  Q: I have a 14" almost perfectly round rock, found 500 feet underground in a mine. I have been to ...
  A: Rock ur collected at underground mine site appears to be weathered rock.Original rock under the ...
Magnetism?7/11/2009Dr Thomas Bell
  Q: I was wondering if some places on earth have more magnetism than other places? Like kind of other ...
  A: James, I encourage you to look at the sites I recommended. It is obvious that the strength and ...
Geophysics7/11/2009Farrukh Qayyum
  Q: and using which software the hydrocarbons flow lines can be found. furthermore would tell me some ...
  A: This is a category of Basin Modeling. Broadly speaking, it is a fluid flow modeling within a limited ...
Strange feature7/11/2009Keith Patton
  Q: I saw this while looking at a Google Earth view of Mozambique. I do not have a clue as to what it ...
  A: I believe what you are seeing is a dome formed by the emplacement of a circular granite intrusion ...
heat resistent rock7/10/2009Dr Thomas Bell
  Q: I am looking for some rock that can withstand heat. I am building an outdoor fireplace and looking ...
  A: Carmen, The problem you are trying to solve is an old one. Long before recorded history a few ...
Iron Minerals7/10/2009Joe Norris
  Q: Does all stones contain iron minerals to some extent?
  A: No, in fact iron (Fe) is rather far down on the scale at number 4 and composing about 5% of the ...
Geodes7/8/2009C. Robert Reszka, Jr.
  Q: We have a cottage in the tip of the thumb of Michigan on Lake Huron - sunrise side. There are LOTS ...
  A: The short answer is, I would not expect to find geodes on your beach. Although they can be found in ...
Bimodal vocanic rocks7/7/2009C. Robert Reszka, Jr.
  Q: Would you please explain how bimodal vocalnics formed?
  A: Bimodal volcanic rocks are formed when both felsic and mafic material is emplaced from a single ...
Magnetism?7/7/2009Dr Thomas Bell
  Q: I was wondering if some places on earth have more magnetism than other places? Like kind of other ...
  A: James, Our planet's magnetic field varies in intensity and direction everywhere on Earth and both ...
MSc specializing in geothermal7/7/2009Fraser Hamilton
  Q: Greetings from Malaysia! Dear Mr. Hamilton. I am interested in pursuing my studies in USA; ...
  A: Greetings: If your research indicates that SMU is indeed at the forefront of the technology, then ...
South-Eastern Missouri Rock / Mineral ID7/6/2009Dr Thomas Bell
  Q: Dr. Bell, I'm hoping you can help me determine the composition and age of this specimen. I found ...
  A: Brad, I can't be sure from the picture and description you sent but it looks like a fragment of ...
continental drift7/4/2009Dr Thomas Bell
  Q: I would like to know if modern GPS has accurately measured the rate of separation of Europe and ...
  A: Glenn, I've done a little research on your question and the answers come as a complete surprise to ...
Pangaea Mountains7/4/2009Keith Patton
  Q: Let's jump into a time machine and go back to the Carboniferous Period as Pangaea was forming. The ...
  A: Mike, First, the Carboniferous only saw the formation of the Southern Appalachians and the ...
Moon Rocks7/3/2009Dr Thomas Bell
  Q: Today I had a debate with a co-worker regarding whether or not the United States successfully landed ...
  A: Tom, I doubt that you can convince your adversary of the authenticity of the Apollo program and I ...
continental separation7/2/2009Fraser Hamilton
  Q: Has the GPS system been accurate enough or operating long enough to measure how fast America is ...
  A: Glenn: I believe that GPS is accurate enough to make the measurements you refer to, and I am sure it ...
Petroleum Geology7/2/2009Farrukh Qayyum
  Q: What are reservoir characteristics and what is science of reservoir characterization?
  A: The reservoir characteristics are physical and chemical properties that define a reservoir. In order ...
ocean7/1/2009Farrukh Qayyum
  Q: what factor could cause sea level to rise? and to fall
  A: There are tectonic, climatic and astronomical elements that control the changes in a sea level. ...
Limestone7/1/2009Dr Thomas Bell
  Q: what do we use limestone for????
  A: Bob, Limestone is composed of the mineral calcite which is composed of the elements calcium, ...
mineral identification6/30/2009C. Robert Reszka, Jr.
  Q: I'm always difficult to tell the difference between biotite amphibole and pyroxene from a rock ...
  A: This is a difficult question and, unfortunately the best way to tell the difference is just through ...
Rock6/29/2009Dr D.Venkat Reddy
  Q: I have this rock and would like to more about it. Found in in Southern California.
  A: Rock looks like-conglomerate- Conglomerate rocks are sedimentary rocks. They are made up of large ...
petrified wood6/29/2009Fraser Hamilton
  Q: I was investigating an area of disrupted ground and found a rock with with a plant growing out of ...
  A: Troy: Where did you find this? That is always one of the first things a geologist wants to know. ...
Field Geology6/29/2009C. Robert Reszka, Jr.
  Q: I often go in the field but I can not recognize the thrust fault. Please explain that how "thrust ...
  A: A thrust (or reverse) fault is one in which one side of the fault is pushed up over the other side. ...
Mineral Resources6/29/2009Dr Thomas Bell
  Q: How do geologists in the field find clues about the distribution of rock types if they are buried ...
  A: Annette, Soil and vegetation obscure bedrock over most of the continents. Never the less, ...
precious minerals6/28/2009Joe Norris
  Q: My son lives in a rural part of connecticut. He and my grandsons have found rocks, soil,etc. that ...
  A: For me to even make an attempt at telling you what kind of rocks that you have, you need to do a few ...
ID rock6/28/2009C. Robert Reszka, Jr.
  Q: Can you tell me what this rock is? I've never seen one on any of the rough rock sites yet I have ...
  A: Nice rock you have there. You don't mention where you are from but I am pretty sure you have a type ...
Rare Earth elements6/27/2009Dr Thomas Bell
  Q: Bell. My question concerns Rare earth elements. What are they and are they considered "rare". I ...
  A: Tony, Rare Earth elements are not particularly rare at all. Take a look at the chart about half ...
Radiometric Dating6/26/2009Dr Thomas Bell
  Q: Bell, I'm an undergraduate student who is working towards a degree in Ecology and Evolutionary ...
  A: Tom, The theory upon which radiometric dating is well established and it sounds as if you have a ...
mantle6/23/2009Keith Patton
  Q: why are some parts of the lower mantle hotter than other parts
  A: We don't fully understand why mantle hot spots form. It is believed that thermal plumes develop in ...
Structural Geology6/23/2009Dr Thomas Bell
  Q: What is a limb and hinge line?
  A: Kashif, These two terms are used to describe geometric elements of folded rocks. To help you ...
rock or meteor6/22/2009Fraser Hamilton
  Q: i have a rock? i found hiking in the aj az desert and its black and looks melted its about half of a ...
  A: Carla: It looks like a piece of volcanic magma, but that would not make sense for where you found ...
depth6/22/2009Dr Thomas Bell
  Q: If I dug a 6 foot deep hole in my yard how far back in time would the layers of dirt be. I guess I ...
  A: Mark, If you live at the mouth of the Mississippi River, you could have six feet of new 'dirt' in ...
soil temperature6/21/2009Dr Thomas Bell
  Q: What would the temp be at a ten feet below the surface in zip code area 12134 which in Northville, ...
  A: Eric, At that shallow depth, the temperature will vary by season. In general, if the water table ...
Grad school choices for Coastal Geology6/19/2009Keith Patton
  Q: Our daughter is going to be a senior at Mt Holyoke College where she is a geology major (3.72 gpa), ...
  A: Like I mentioned. There is not much money in it. The Corps of Engineers and consulting engineering ...
Grad school choices for Coastal Geology6/18/2009Keith Patton
  Q: Our daughter is going to be a senior at Mt Holyoke College where she is a geology major (3.72 gpa), ...
  A: Don: There are a lot of them. Unversity of South Carolina is one, Old Dominion University in ...
Strange rock6/18/2009Fraser Hamilton
  Q: I just found a dark green glassy rock, similar to the one Allison found in Tennessee, but I found ...
  A: It could be a byproduct from steel making or some other process like that requires very high ...
Strange rock6/18/2009Fraser Hamilton
  Q: I just found a dark green glassy rock, similar to the one Allison found in Tennessee, but I found ...
  A: Enrika: I would guess that what you have is some sort of volcanic glass. I do not know the geology ...
How common is it to find lava rock6/18/2009C. Robert Reszka, Jr.
  Q: I was gardening in my yard and just below the surface I found what appear to be lava rocks. Now, I ...
  A: Your description, jet black, glassy, and hard, could be a couple of things. I would first suspect ...

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Questions by
Active Experts:
Dr Thomas BellDr D.Venkat ReddyFarrukh Qayyum
George ArdiesFraser HamiltonKeith Patton
C. Robert Reszka, Jr.Joe NorrisSyed Tariq Hasany
   

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