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About Joe Norris
(Top Expert on this page)

Expertise
I am an economic geologist. An economic geologist does mineral evaluations and appraisals of mineral or mining properties. I can tell you if your deposit has value - remember that a mineral deposit, no matter how good, only has value when mined. Any value assigned to a mineral deposit, in the ground, is only the speculative value that deposit.

Experience
I have been a economic geologist for most of my 35 year career. Although I have done work in perhaps 45 states and numerious countries much of my work has been in Appalachian coal, intermountain west gold and silver, and Arizona uranium.

Organizations
Past President of the Virginia Section of the American Institute of Professional Geologists and a certified geologist in twelve states.

Education/Credentials
BS Degree from Eastern Kentucky University. Work on MS Degree @ Eastern Kentucky University, Colorad School of Mines & Marshall University Numerious short courses on the value of mineral deposits and how to value same. Also several short courses dealing with the different types of geologic processes; sedimentary, igneous, metamorphic along with the mineral associated with each.

   

You are here:  Experts > Science > Geology > Geology

Questions Answered By Expert  Joe Norris 
In Category  Geology

SubjectDate Asked

Geology--Earthquakes in Subduction Zones11/18/2009
  Q: Why do the deepest earthquakes occur on subduction zones?
  A: Think of the surface of the earth as pieces of flexible foam (continental plates)floating in a ...
Horizontal drilling11/8/2009
  Q: Norris My question is: In which geologic conditions it is recommended to use horizontal drilling? ...
  A: Horizontal drilling has little or any geologic concern. Horizontal drilling is mostly if not ...
obsidian10/30/2009
  Q: I am preparing a homework regarding obsidian rocks.An I would like to know if the obsidian rocks are ...
  A: Obisidian was used by Aztecs for the sharp points of their weapons, mirrors, masks, and for ear ...
geology10/14/2009
  Q: what is the relationship that can occur between a body of igneous rock and economic mineralisation.
  A: This is not a simple question. That is exactly what economic geology is and what I do. To ...
Rock Identification9/24/2009
  Q: I found this rock nearly a year ago now. I believe it to be some sort of copal but that is as far as ...
  A: First I apologize, I didn't realize that you had sent another picture of the rock and therefore I ...
Rock Identification9/23/2009
  Q: I found this rock nearly a year ago now. I believe it to be some sort of copal but that is as far as ...
  A: That is a very bazaar and beautiful picture. If you would send me another picture taken with the ...
Formation of the Sierras & gold9/23/2009
  Q: 2 questions of wording for a history programme we are making: Is there a more exciting and easier ...
  A: I'm not a writer but a geologist. Geology has certain terms that describe formation to geologists. ...
identify this rock9/22/2009
  Q: i have rock i would like some information on outer layer can only scratch with knife inner rock ...
  A: I can not see the scratches well but they were probably formed from one of three ways. 1) There ...
i have a second rock9/22/2009
  Q: i have a second rock similar to first but different outer layer can be scratch with fingernail ...
  A: If the rock was found loose (not-in-place), particularly in a stream, it probably came from ...
i have a second rock9/22/2009
  Q: i have a second rock similar to first but different outer layer can be scratch with fingernail ...
  A: Without actually having the rock in my hand I can not give you a definitive answer but I will try ...
identify this rock9/22/2009
  Q: i have rock i would like some information on outer layer can only scratch with knife inner rock ...
  A: Again without actually having the rock in my hand it is very difficult to give you a definitive ...
Question9/21/2009
  Q: I studied from many resources that continents are continously moving. Now what makes these ...
  A: In geologic time continental movement as fast as our fingernail grow (1/4/inch a year) is extremely ...
Identification of rocks and minerals9/9/2009
  Q: I have a few samples of rocks here at my house I've been trying to find out names for. I was hoping ...
  A: For me to even make an attempt at telling you what kind of rock that you have, you need to do a few ...
five pound agette?9/7/2009
  Q: we found this around five pound big chunk marbled tan and creams with some clear spots. its smooth ...
  A: Yes it would be a lot easier if I could see pictures but I will try my best. You could send a ...
obsidian9/7/2009
  Q: how much are my 10 obsidian 20mm rocks worth
  A: Obsidian is black. The "rocks" in the picture appear clear and exactly the same size unless the ...
a rock formation?9/6/2009
  Q: The photo is from the top of a mountain in the Adirondacks (NY). The area is almost all granite, ...
  A: Without seeing the rock in person it is difficult to tell you for sure what the bluish-gray rock is ...
Anything?9/4/2009
  Q: Are these of any worth in any market? I found them near my house on farms and across the street ...
  A: The black coating is pyrolucite (MgO2) and is a secondary mineral of the host rocks. This means ...
What the?9/2/2009
  Q: I have been going on long walks around my house and area to look for rocks and things I just can't ...
  A: I am probably not going to be able to answer you question satisfactorily but I will do my best. My ...
us coal8/26/2009
  Q: what is the biggest mine in us
  A: The Black Thunder thermal coal mine, located in the Southern Powder River Basin of Wyoming, opened ...
rock my father in law found8/8/2009
  Q: my father in law found this rock on his property and at first thought it was hematite until it did ...
  A: For me to even make an attempt at telling you what kind of rock that you have, you need to do a few ...
geology8/4/2009
  Q: How do geologists in the field find clues about the distribution of rock types?
  A: As a geologist you should do your homework before going into the field. By homework I mean that you ...
difference between supergene porphyries and associated volcanic rocks8/3/2009
  Q: I have difficulties on distinguishing supergene porphyries and associated volcanic rocks through ...
  A: I realize that this question is directly related to your studies and with some effort I might be ...
um, jewlery question....8/3/2009
  Q: Sorry this isn't an insightful question and probably not a great use of your time. But I saw this ...
  A: There are several pink gemstones. I have attached a site that shows some of these: ...
Rock ID7/26/2009
  Q: I would like to send you some samples of a type rock that I have been finding in michigan. I am ...
  A: I will attempt to tell you what the rock is; however, I need to know as precicely as possible where ...
what is it?7/26/2009
  Q: This material is silver, very hard, metallic, inside is somewhat porous, has a scattered smooth/flat ...
  A: For me to even make an attempt at telling you what kind of rock that you have, you need to do a few ...
Iron Minerals7/10/2009
  Q: Does all stones contain iron minerals to some extent?
  A: No, in fact iron (Fe) is rather far down on the scale at number 4 and composing about 5% of the ...
precious minerals6/28/2009
  Q: My son lives in a rural part of connecticut. He and my grandsons have found rocks, soil,etc. that ...
  A: For me to even make an attempt at telling you what kind of rocks that you have, you need to do a few ...
mineral constituent of metamorphic rock6/10/2009
  Q: please tell me the mineral constituents present (in percentage) in gneiss, ...
  A: I can not answer your question but I will try to tell you why the question is un-answerable. ...
rock identification5/25/2009
  Q: I want to know what kind of rock i have. Its very smooth, with different colors of light and dark ...
  A: I feel even more storngly that your rock is a banded agate, after viewing the picture. I have ...
rock identification5/24/2009
  Q: I want to know what kind of rock i have. Its very smooth, with different colors of light and dark ...
  A: For me to even make an attempt at telling you what kind of rock that you have, you need to do a few ...
About the brief of ruby & sapphire5/18/2009
  Q: Please answer to me about the brief of ruby and sapphire for the entrance exam of Myanmar ...
  A: There are many books about mineralogy, I personally have several but my favorite is ROCKS & MINERALS ...
geology5/14/2009
  Q: what is the economic importance of sokoto basin in nigeria
  A: I have worked in many countries but not Nigeria; however, I will make an attempt to answer you ...
Rock origin - Is it a Kimberlite?5/12/2009
  Q: Recently, I learned that our 25 acres of land is categorized as a Kame Terrace with many debris flow ...
  A: This rock is not a kimberlite. I am away from home and do not have my petrology book with me; ...
convergent plate boundaries5/7/2009
  Q: What are some of the economically important rocks and minerals that form at convergent plate ...
  A: I could give you an answer but the one found at the inserted site is much better than mine. ...
What is this rock?5/6/2009
  Q: I have a rock that is silver in color, heavy for it's size (17.5 lbs), and when we chipped a piece ...
  A: This rock is a sulfide which means that it is a metal combined with sulfur. My first guess is ...
Sedimentary stone, AKA Flagstone.5/6/2009
  Q: I am from northeastern Pennsylvania, Susquehanna county. I've taken notice to a response that was ...
  A: Mica minerals are an essential constituents of various igneous rocks, such as granite, metamorphic ...
Sedimentary stone, AKA Flagstone.5/5/2009
  Q: I am from northeastern Pennsylvania, Susquehanna county. I've taken notice to a response that was ...
  A: I can not tell, from the picture, exactly what type of rock that you are quarrying but since you ...
Earth Science5/4/2009
  Q: What are the types of plate boundary interactions? What is the evidence for plate movement? How are ...
  A: I am an economic geologist not a structural geologist or a geomorphologist. I have tried to answer ...
Earth Science5/3/2009
  Q: What are the types of plate boundary interactions? What is the evidence for plate movement? How are ...
  A: PLATE BOUNDARIES Plate boundaries are found at the edge of the lithospheric plates and are of three ...
epicenters5/1/2009
  Q: what two closest epicenters and the dates of their last earthquake. what is the magnitde of the ...
  A: The last earthquake to occure in Ohio was on Friday, April 24, 2009 at 09:42:46 AM. The earthquake ...
about my rock4/30/2009
  Q: can you help me to identify the rock that i found,i try to scratch it using a knife and window glass ...
  A: It is often difficult to tell much about a rock from a picture but the picture that you sent shows ...
Rock?4/29/2009
  Q: I was wondering what kind of rock this is. It was found in central California.
  A: The picture is not very good; therefore, I can't tell much about the rock but just from the general ...
diomond formation4/27/2009
  Q: can you tell me how the diomonds are formed ,in what kinds of rocks it is formed,about ...
  A: The conditions for diamond formation, to happen in the lithospheric mantle, occur at considerable ...
regarding the kind of stone i have4/25/2009
  Q: I found a stone while digging a well in tamilnadu [India]. it weighs about 14.5 grams and appears ...
  A: Naturally occurring colorless rocks are relativly common and are basically what glass is made from. ...
Meteor impacts4/22/2009
  Q: Driving through the southern end of the Rockie Mountains/Sangre De Christo mountain range there ...
  A: I have reached the limit of my knowledge about the specific ancestry of the Rockies. I am an ...
Meteor impacts4/20/2009
  Q: Driving through the southern end of the Rockie Mountains/Sangre De Christo mountain range there ...
  A: The Laramide orogeny was a period of mountain building in western North America, which started in ...
GOLD ORE4/15/2009
  Q: IF GOLD ORE IS DETECTED IN ROCK, AND YOU PULVERISE THE ROCK DOES OR CAN GOLD BREAK AND CAN THE GOLD ...
  A: You have several questions that I will try to answer independently. If gold ore is detected in ...
Akermanite Ca2MgSi2O74/10/2009
  Q: I found these strange looking rocks late last summer and had them analyzed by x-ray diffraction and ...
  A: Åkermanite (Ca2Mg[Si2O7]) is a melilite mineral of the sorosilicate group, containing calcium, ...
gold in delaware4/5/2009
  Q: i was just wondering if there is eny gold or gems in delaware?i know that there is in all the states ...
  A: You are right - to the best of my knowledge Delaware has not known gold; however, this does not mean ...
Rock identification4/2/2009
  Q: I found this rock in my back yard in SW Washington state. The rock aprox 2x2x1 inches. The rock is ...
  A: From the picture and your description the rock can only be Hematite Fe2O3 (Fe 70% & O 30%). ...
geology of Thessaly Greece3/29/2009
  Q: I am curious as to the geology of thessaly in N. Greece. I'm writing a book based in that region. ...
  A: I am not familiar with Thessaly Province of Northern Greece so I went on-line and found what appears ...
Age of salt deposits3/24/2009
  Q: "Himalayan salt" - it cures your ills and purifies your air(?). It makes pretty lamps. What is the ...
  A: which began being sold by various companies in Europe, North America, and Australia in the early ...
volcanoes3/24/2009
  Q: what causes there to be different kinds of volcanoes? Does the type of magma or type of crust on the ...
  A: Geologists generally group volcanoes into four main kinds--cinder cones, composite volcanoes, shield ...
Identify a rock/mineral3/23/2009
  Q: I have this necklace with a large polished translucent stone and am curious as to the type of stone ...
  A: That is a beautiful necklace but I am afraid that I can not identify the mineral type from the ...
Questions regarding rocks and gemstones3/17/2009
  Q: my name is Bry and I am working on a school project about rocks, fossils, and gemstones. I was ...
  A: Yes Bry I can help you out on most of your questions. Your question about "How are rocks formed ...
shiny rock3/12/2009
  Q: i have a mine in my back yard and it has this flaky rock that can see yourself almost through the ...
  A: Mica, again, is a very common rock in quartz; particularly pegmatites. If the material in the rock ...
shiny rock3/11/2009
  Q: i have a mine in my back yard and it has this flaky rock that can see yourself almost through the ...
  A: It is probably one of the many types of mica. The two most common types are muscovite and biotite. ...
What rock is it???2/27/2009
  Q: Hey i just have a quick question. Can you tell me what rock this might be; it is a black metalic ...
  A: No I can not tell you what the rock is but mica is not metallic looking and neither schist or gniess ...
Geology2/24/2009
  Q: What radioactive decay involves the release of an electron?
  A: The three types of nuclear radioactive decay are alpha, beta and gamma emission. An alpha particle ...
Obsidian1/24/2009
  Q: I have read on obsidian and I found it quite interesting. I will like to know more about obsidian, ...
  A: I'm sure that you can find many good web site but in general the more technical sites are university ...
rock identification.1/23/2009
  Q: i have asked a bunch of rock folk near my home in vancouver and where i found the rock in nevada and ...
  A: I have done some work in Nevada and am somewhat familiar with the general geology there but it ...
Rocks & Mineral1/22/2009
  Q: I am taking Earth System Engineering Course and I am interested in rocks & minerals. Could you ...
  A: I suppose this depends on your level of interest. Dana's Manual of Mineralogy is in my opinion the ...
earthquake1/8/2009
  Q: Q6.How does the distribution of eathquake foci correlate with plate boundaries? Q7.What kinds of ...
  A: It is very evident that you are extremely knowledgeable about plat tectonics; probably more so that ...
earthquake1/7/2009
  Q: Q6.How does the distribution of eathquake foci correlate with plate boundaries? Q7.What kinds of ...
  A: I am not a volcanologist however I will make an attempt at answering your questions with my limited ...
Trying to id rock12/21/2008
  Q: I am trying to find out what this rock is that I found. Agate, Mineral, fossil? Any information ...
  A: In order to make an attempt at identifying the rock I need to know a few things about the rock. 1) ...
vanessa12/17/2008
  Q: what occurs at a deep-ocean trench?what type of plate boundary is a deep-ocean trench?describe what ...
  A: The Earth's rocky outer crust solidified billions of years ago, soon after the Earth formed. This ...
Question12/13/2008
  Q: I want to ask a question that do mountains really prevdnt earth from shaking (Not earth quake a ...
  A: I'm not real sure that I understand the question but I will attempt to answer it as I understand it. ...
science12/9/2008
  Q: what was the earliest form of life?
  A: This is an excellent question and one that we, as geologists, know that we can not answer correctly; ...
coal formation12/3/2008
  Q: Is Charcoal a type of real coal? Did it form from the processes that made coal or is it wood that ...
  A: Charcoal is the blackish residue consisting of impure carbon obtained by removing water and other ...
radiometric dating11/23/2008
  Q: I'm just a lay person, no expertise at all. I'm just curious about radiometric dating. I've read a ...
  A: I'm not exactly sure about your question relative to what "original state" means but I will tell ...
structure in New Mexico, near mexican border11/23/2008
  Q: Sitting between Cloverdale, N.M. to the northwest and El Valle, Mexico to the southeast there ...
  A: Even though I have done some work in NM it has been many years and have only worked in a few ...
science11/13/2008
  Q: i would like to know some information about the Charleston Earthquake? 2. i would also like to know ...
  A: This earthquake occurred August 31, 1886 and was a magnitude of 7.3. It was the most damaging ...
rocks11/2/2008
  Q: During vacation time I picket up rocks on the floor at the following sites from Etna Volcano(Italy), ...
  A: As a general rule most rocks are not affected by short exposures to soap and water; however, there ...
Metallic rock10/31/2008
  Q: A relative has found a metallic rock/stone underground in the mountains in volcanic soil in the ...
  A: I need for you to answer a few questions concerning the rock. Hardness: can you scratch it with ...
what is it10/11/2008
  Q: i found a rock and its outside is silver gray and its heavy for its size the inside is crystalline ...
  A: Randy, From your information, which by the way is very good, I can narrow the mineral (rock) down ...
help me!!!!!!!10/8/2008
  Q: What is the Earth's mantle. outer core, and inner core made of. [composition]
  A: Briana, The planet Earth is made up of three main shells: the very thin, brittle crust, the mantle, ...
minerals9/22/2008
  Q: can you tell me what is solidification of a melt? what is precipitation from solution? what is ...
  A: What is solidification of a melt. The word solidification means becoming solid. The best way to ...
What Type of Rock Is It?9/19/2008
  Q: Can you shed some light as to what type of rock I have. It looks like it may have been exposed to ...
  A: It is very difficult to determine, from a picture, a rock type but I will do my best. In ...

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