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About Chris Bushman
(Top Expert on this page)

Expertise
I`ve been involved in the technical aspects of the motion picture industry for the past 35 years. In 2007 I received a Scientific/Technical Academy Award for my contribution to archival film preservation.

Experience
Currently, I manage a small motion picture film laboratory in Hollywood, California. I have broad experience in many technical aspects of the motion picture business. I have worked as an animation cameraman, production manager, optical printing foreman, still photographer, color timer, sensitometry control foreman, video engineer, customer service foreman, analytical chemist, director of quality control.

Member, Society of Motion Picture/Television Engineers http://www.smpte.org/ - Member, American Radio Relay League http://www.arrl.org/ - Member, Quarter Century Wireless Assn. http://www.lockport-ny.com/radio.htm - President, Zen Nippon Airinkai, So Cal Chapter http://home.earthlink.net/~filmlabrat/ - Member, Maltose Falcons Homebrewing Society http://www.westval.com/mfalcons/ - Alumni, American Brewers' Guild http://www.abgbrew.com/
   

You are here:  Experts > Movies > Film Making > Making Films & Videos

Questions Answered By Expert  Chris Bushman 
In Category  Making Films & Videos

SubjectDate Asked

oscars11/21/2009
  Q: I don't know if this is really your field of expertize, but I was just wondering if you could clear ...
  A: Good questions Kaylee. "A Beautiful Mind" won the Oscar for Best Picture in 2001. On the Wikipedia ...
regarding some special effects.11/15/2009
  Q: I was hoping you would help be with some of the technical questions I have regarding special effects ...
  A: Well, I can see you've really been thinking hard about this stuff. Sometimes there are multiple ...
Digital archiving via seperations8/27/2009
  Q: I'm currently working on a project for a digital cinema studio making ycm separations from digital ...
  A: Interesting paper. Most of it makes sense. The part about SEYCM's makes me cringe. The presenters ...
two questions8/27/2009
  Q: I just have two questions: 1.) When is an indoor set more favorable than a soundstage and ...
  A: A soundstage IS an indoor set so I assume that you are talking about an existing interior compared ...
Digital archiving via seperations8/26/2009
  Q: I'm currently working on a project for a digital cinema studio making ycm separations from digital ...
  A: The key thing here, Baron, is to put yourself in the shoes of the archivist 100 years from now. If ...
Lenses8/3/2009
  Q: Just wanted to ask your professional opinion on something. I'll be shooting a music video in an ...
  A: Yes, Rich, I think wide will work best. When doing moving shots, the wider the lens, the smoother ...
puzzled6/23/2009
  Q: I'm just wondering, how can directors yell out instructions to their actors while the camera and ...
  A: Most of the time, directors don't yell out instructions to the actors. When they do, it is edited ...
Career in Film with Physics?6/21/2009
  Q: I am 19 and currently studying physics at university. I have always wanted to work in the film ...
  A: This a really tough question, Jay. You mention your fascination with the history and technique of ...
Dream Job5/11/2009
  Q: I love to be around cameras and working with them! And I love to make small videos or more like ...
  A: Your are a really lucky guy to be 16 and already know what you love! I think being in Indiana is a ...
Timelines for big pictures5/9/2009
  Q: I am writing a novel about a singer that gets pulled in at the last minutes to play a singer in a ...
  A: Three months for principal photography is rational for a big budget film. One take is very unusual. ...
How can I do this?4/8/2009
  Q: Here is my idea. I would like to narrate a river trip with myself in a television set, that is ...
  A: In that video, there are clues that tell me that they used an actual video image. ie: When the TV is ...
Film Colleges1/4/2009
  Q: Whenever I go online and look up good film schools I always get different answers, so I was ...
  A: I think that no matter where you go to film school, it's a good start. The more you learn, the more ...
Role of production manager1/3/2009
  Q: A specificCan you recommend a book or a website which reviews the responsibilities of a film ...
  A: There are several books on the subject, Michael. This one... ...
Film festival question12/22/2008
  Q: I am an aspiring US filmmaker and I am thinking about buying a camera. Do you think it is possible ...
  A: John, not only do I think it's possible to enter a film festival, I am sure it is possible to win a ...
Filming 'old graining' footage12/19/2008
  Q: I am trying to make short snowboarding/skiing movies and want to intermix normal footage and ...
  A: I'm not familiar with amateur editing software but consider this. Even if the software you end up ...
Filming 'old graining' footage12/17/2008
  Q: I am trying to make short snowboarding/skiing movies and want to intermix normal footage and ...
  A: Well, Kim, we used to do it by walking on the film, using sandpaper, splashing it with camera oil ...
Silent Shooting8/8/2008
  Q: Could you please tell me the name of the box that houses your camera that enables you to shoot ...
  A: It's called a "Blimp" Lisa. The part of your comment "shoot while they shoot" confused me a bit. ...
advise for son6/30/2008
  Q: I was wondering if you could give me some advise for my son who is moving to LA in August. He is ...
  A: Sorry for the delay in answering, my DSL died for a couple of days. Well, Barbara, I'm probably one ...
Film and science as a career? How?4/6/2008
  Q: I'm really interested in knowing how the filmmaking process relates to applied science, particularly ...
  A: Wow Marlen, you are the first to ask that question! I never wanted to be in the movie business. My ...
Digital Intermediates1/27/2008
  Q: Can you tell me, what percentage of Hollywood feature films made today use DI as the post production ...
  A: Impossible to put exact numbers to these things since everything is changing so fast, so the ...
film transfer1/24/2008
  Q: 2-partWould a movie/recording made on a home HD cam/video cam be able to transfer to reels for ...
  A: Absolutely, yes. Any digital or video image can be "film recorded" or "filmed out". These days, ...
For the future1/5/2008
  Q: I'm 19 years old. I want to be assigned to an occupation to make a movie in the future. Therefore ...
  A: Movie making is not just one occupation, it is hundreds of occupations. You must first decide what ...
Carbon fibre boom for photography12/27/2007
  Q: I am trying to locate a manufacturer of a carbon fibre boom arm or a photography rig for automotive ...
  A: Well, Ray, most of the mounts I've seen are black anodized aluminum, and most don't actually mount ...
Colourized Version12/24/2007
  Q: I've just watched the colourized version of the greatest Christmas film ever, "Scrooge" 1951. The ...
  A: Well, Mark, the film was shot in black & white and the version that you watched was a computer ...
movies,film and stage12/19/2007
  Q: what is the name of the object that a person closes together right when a director shouts "action !"
  A: Good question Adam. That's the slate. Actually, it has many names including, sticks, marker, ...
film/video9/28/2007
  Q: I see a new credit at the end of films/videos--Avid DS Artist. What is an Avid DS Artist and what ...
  A: Well Sheila, Avid is a software company that developed the first digital editorial system, replacing ...
Filming red objects on the set7/31/2007
  Q: just got through working in the art dept on a low budget feature and we were asked to avoid red in ...
  A: Well, Richard, somebody may be being overly-cautious. Obviously, there are lots of red things in the ...
TV mystery6/2/2007
  Q: Mr. Bushman, I hope you can solve this mystery for me. Why is it that some brief shots in classic ...
  A: Wow Jane, you are a very astute observer! Those shots are "opticals" or "dupes". That means that ...
Editing Software4/20/2007
  Q: I am having trouble decided between two schools for video production. The only big difference ...
  A: Avid is the only system that you hear much about around Hollywood. I'd say that it's about 20:1. I ...
Fitting a music score into the film...4/15/2007
  Q: I've always wondered how a film is put together.. what comes first the scenes or the score? i.e. ...
  A: All the sound stuff happens after the picture is finalized, Howard. Originally an orchestra was ...
education2/3/2007
  Q: Hey Mr. Bushman, my dream job is to just shoot and edit short videos all day, shoots some pictures, ...
  A: Well, Robert, it seems to me that since you "like it all" you have a major focus issue to deal with. ...
35mm film1/30/2007
  Q: If movie films can be made on 35mm film, and still pictures are taken on the same size film ... how ...
  A: Excellent question, Lena! Two answers; persistence of vision and point of view. Actually the ...
black blip1/30/2007
  Q: What is the the black oval blip that often appears in the top right corner of films called? Why ...
  A: Good question, May. It's called a "changeover cue". In older theaters there are always two ...
16mm emulsion1/24/2007
  Q: I am dabbling in film with an antique 16mm cine camera. Sadly, Kodak no longer make double ...
  A: Accurately slitting and perforating requires highly specialized equipment. With the proper slitters ...
16mm emulsion1/23/2007
  Q: I am dabbling in film with an antique 16mm cine camera. Sadly, Kodak no longer make double ...
  A: Wow, do you ever have big ideas! Sure, it's possible but very difficult and expensive. Back at ...
GreenScreen12/23/2006
  Q: I have been working with animation software recently. I would like to make a movie creating my ...
  A: Your results will depend on your technique and skill, not necessarily on cost. There were animated ...
Matte glass credits12/15/2006
  Q: I have many original matte glass credits (11X15) in clear with black lettering and black with white. ...
  A: Yes, Janus, some can be VERY valuable. "Football Thrills" and "The End" might only bring a couple of ...
Still Photography in Movies12/11/2006
  Q: Besides taking stills for marketing what else does a still photographer do on set?
  A: The stills that the photographer shoots are not just for marketing but also for documentation and ...
Legal Issues to take note of when making videos11/14/2006
  Q: I am a student who is currently trying to make his on film/video. I was wondering about what kind of ...
  A: Well, Wei Ting, please don't take my answer as the complete legal answer, but here are a few tips. ...
Frame rates10/29/2006
  Q: I was hoping you could help me. What different kinds of film looks can one achieve when they shoot ...
  A: What you're talking about, Joe, is "overcranking" or "slow motion". Not very fancy stuff, but good ...
Which degree or no degree?10/25/2006
  Q: I've been doing lots of research about film schools, and I am pretty confused on a few things. ...
  A: Well, Chris, I've been in the business for 35 years and I have a BS Degree and nobody has ever ...
Unions10/4/2006
  Q: I wanted to ask you about joining a union for the film industry. How do I go about finding one and ...
  A: Well Joe, the way it normally works is you get a job in the industry and when you have 90 days work ...
Old File Titles/Credits7/30/2006
  Q: I have a short question. How were film titles and credits made in the days before computers? I was ...
  A: In the REALLY old days, titles were painted on large sheets of glass and just held in front of the ...
director with no directing6/30/2006
  Q: I've always wanted to be a film director, or at least hopping to be one. Problem is, I'm not so ...
  A: The storyline can come from anywhere. The writer ultimately crafts it into a screenplay but it may ...
Actor6/8/2006
  Q: Hey man I thank you for trying to throw me some type of feedback on the subject. I live in NY, and ...
  A: Trevor, there is no such thing as a "dumb dream". If it's really your passion, it can happen. You ...
Shooting MiniDV at dusk/sunrise2/17/2006
  Q: I asked the guy at the production company if he would have a problem lighting at this time. He said ...
  A: That 1K light they speak of would do very little to act as fill light except in closeups. Probably ...
Shooting MiniDV at dusk/sunrise2/10/2006
  Q: I plan to shoot a sample music video in a couple of months. Just something I can show around to try ...
  A: Well, Rico, without trying to give you an entire course on lighting let me share the basic idea. The ...
Can this be helped?1/30/2006
  Q: Bushman, I was quite thrilled to find out you were a firefighter. Earlier in my life I ...
  A: My grandfather was an actor in the silent era and I really wanted to buy a film print of one of his ...
Plane propellor - optical effect1/22/2006
  Q: my question is about an "optical effect" which is not created, but observed. If an airplane ...
  A: You are certainly right about the effect being a function of the frame rate of the camera. It's ...
edit decision list.1/16/2006
  Q: May seem a silly question, but im sure you can help me. Im just wondering, are edit decision lists ...
  A: Not such a silly question Patrick. Actually they're roughly the same thing but an edit decision list ...
projection12/18/2005
  Q: For nostalia can you tell me how movies are now projected in the big theatres?I was a projetionist ...
  A: Well Bill, you'll be happy to know that film is still the King. All movies released today are still ...
What Camera11/28/2005
  Q: How are you I am a beginner to film-making, and i was wondering what would be the best type of ...
  A: I'm assuming that you are talking about buying a Video Camera rather than a Film Camera. That is the ...
I'm from poorest ex-communist...11/23/2005
  Q: I'm from poorest ex-communist country in Europe. I have an Idea for deaf people.Is there in US ...
  A: I think what you mean is what we call "subtitled" or "close captioned for the hearing impaired". ...
Equipment10/12/2005
  Q: I would like to set out and make a short in the near future. It is really important to me that my ...
  A: Well, Rico, the difference between a feature motion picture and a home movie is mostly technique, ...
chroma key8/24/2005
  Q: When movie producers produce a movie with a blue screen or green screen, generaly what software ...
  A: Well, Ben, there are probably hundreds of different software platforms for doing blue/green screen ...
tric film tecnique7/14/2005
  Q: In the movie The Competition, which starred Aming Erving and Richard Dryfuss, one could see entire ...
  A: Guess we fooled you, David! If you look carefully, especially when Heidi performs Prokofiev's 3rd, ...
gamma curve and prop stuff.7/10/2005
  Q: Mr. Bushman, I've been looking for a way to make my digital video look more like film since DV is ...
  A: The "Film Look" is very elusive. Many have tried, but I've never seen much success. Some use ...
Producers6/30/2005
  Q: I am confused about what exactly a producer does in the making of a movie--and what is the ...
  A: Wow Jean, I'm glad somebody wonders about these things! Yes, it is confusing. An Executive Producer ...
Video Types6/21/2005
  Q: Sorry to bother you. I have a question about videos. I hope you know the answer because, you've been ...
  A: An experimental video is pretty much just like it sounds. It's like unstructured artwork. There are ...
Digitial cinematography vs. Traditional Filmmaking5/29/2005
  Q: What are the benefits of traditional filmmaking, as opposed to digital filmmaking? I am writing a ...
  A: Well Jenn, it's an interesting phenomenon at work here. Eventually, everything will be digital but ...
Remote Microphone5/20/2005
  Q: I'm looking for some technical advice. Have you seen the cop shows where they line up suspects in ...
  A: If you are looking for quality sound you need to get the mic as close to the subject as possible. ...
career5/10/2005
  Q: What exactly is your career? What do you do?
  A: Well, Taylor, I'm not too sure anymore! I'm a technical film guy. In the last 5 years the "Digital ...
formats5/2/2005
  Q: are there any other formats besides dvd and vhs that movies come out on maybe film ?
  A: Most movies in theaters are still released on 35mm film, often with 4 separate soundtrack systems. A ...
Getting started3/21/2005
  Q: I guess my question may be hard to answer (it is more practical than technical) and it's probably ...
  A: Yeah, Oren, I HAVE been asked similar questions a thousand times. In the movie business, formal ...
Converting home videos2/2/2005
  Q: Mr. Bushman, I've just started operating a small tape conversion business and my very first client ...
  A: Well, Jimmy, I'm not exactly sure of your question. Since your business is tape conversion, I think ...
Hi I'm Keenan I'm a Cass city...1/18/2005
  Q: We are researching careers in my class. I think that I would like to make movies one day. Could you ...
  A: Well Keenan, the Movie Business is very diverse so the more you learn about everything in the world, ...
Hello Chris, I had a questionreguarding...11/26/2004
  Q: I had a questionreguarding the security of an individual in the film industry. What I mean is, is it ...
  A: Well, Pat, the Movie business is huge and diverse and the rules vary from one segemet to the next. ...
weapon props in film8/24/2004
  Q: How do filmmakers get guns in movies to shoot and move like real guns but fire no bullet and still ...
  A: Good question, Greg. Things are not always as they seem. You're assuming that the gunshot sound ...
distance from camera7/26/2004
  Q: I am doing a short film with some friends and would like to know the distance from camera to actor ...
  A: Hey Rick, The distance from camera is not the important part, it's the focal length of the lens. ...
computer animator7/6/2004
  Q: Hi Chris I am very interested in going to school for computer graphics in multimedia and I was ...
  A: There's a very broad spectrum of wages in this new and changing business. About 5 years ago, if the ...
camera to car5/9/2004
  Q: how would I attatch a camera to my car in order to keep it on there but not so tight that shot is so ...
  A: The way it's normally done is a system called SteadiCam. It's a special rig that uses gyros and ...
Optical illusion?4/16/2004
  Q: When I view commercials of moving vehicles, I notice that the wheels appear to be turning backwards. ...
  A: You got it Bruce!!! Motion picture frame rate is 24 frames per second. It's sort of like a strobe ...
Video Editing4/15/2004
  Q: Sir i saw the film "TWIN BROTHERS" of "Jackichan (HERO)yesterday. I could not understand how they ...
  A: The "Double Role" trick is called "Bluescreen" or "Greenscreen". First the actor is shot in the ...
Titles3/22/2004
  Q: What does C.S.A. stand for? I see it after the names of people in the credits? Also, what is an ...
  A: It sure is a business of initials, isn't it Evan! CSA stands for "Casting Society of America" - ...
Coloring black and whites1/18/2004
  Q: My name is Naglaa , I am recently intrested in Cinema technology , I am intrested in a very ...
  A: Well, Naglaa, I think the only thing between you and your answer is what the process is actually ...
fstops6/3/2003
  Q: i have taken a film workshop and came away from it a bit confused as to what fstops are and how they ...
  A: Great question Mark! F-stops are the ratio of the focal length of the lens and the size of the ...
Movie Preview Production5/6/2003
  Q: I would like to know what the "title" is of the person who narrates all of the previews at the ...
  A: Interesting question. First of all, the “previews at the beginning of a movie” are called ...

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