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Meteorology (Weather)/Questions Answered by Expert Donald Rosenfeld

SubjectDate Asked
1999 bridgecreek,OK tornado2/4/2012
  Q: donald,the tornado that hit bridgecreek ok in 1999 had a world record wind speed of 318 mph.it also ...
  A: The wind speed recorded by the mobile Doppler radar was taken at above ground level which then ...
barometric pressure2/3/2012
  Q: Is the difference between actual and corrected to sea level pressure always going to be the same for ...
  A: A very good question! I'd say that almost always for cases where the sea level height is within a ...
BP Oil Spill and Florida Precipitation2/3/2012
  Q: I live in North Central Florida on a lake and have kept rainfall data here for 25 years. Since April ...
  A: I'm sure that the oil spill caused some effects on weather in the Gulf area; however, the draught in ...
2012 winter weather1/30/2012
  Q: I live in Toledo, OH and so far this winter has been very unusual. I was wondering in your opinion, ...
  A: The second half of the winter will be colder and there will be some snow events. Overall though, the ...
Frost on Car Windshields1/26/2012
  Q: Mr. Rosenfeld, if the night temperature is approximately 22 degrees Farenheit, and assuming little ...
  A: My answer is a guess. When the person left the car, and the engine cooled down for an hour, and ...
Snow1/25/2012
  Q: Is it likely we will get snow in St. Louis this winter?
  A: Looking over this winter it seems that you've received about 4 inches so far. In that the month of ...
air mass movement1/19/2012
  Q: which would modify quicker, an arctic air mass moving over the gulf of Mexico in winter or a ...
  A: Depending upon how you define the word "modify", the answer would be: arctic air mass moving over ...
Disrupting tornados1/18/2012
  Q: So...I have been wondering, since I was a little kid (about 30 years now) what would happen if you ...
  A: If you threw TNT into the side of a tornado and the TNT exploded it would disrupt the lower wind ...
different kind of rainbow1/17/2012
  Q: I was flying into Chicago a few years ago in January, not sure of the altitude. Our airspace was ...
  A: Sounds like a "Glory": http://tinyurl.com/opticalGlory ...
Severe Weather1/12/2012
  Q: When severe weather discussions talk about banding and thunderstorms they mention if "convective ...
  A: The forecasting of severe weather requires the analysis of many variables which must come together ...
fire rainbow photos1/9/2012
  Q: I saw what I believe to be fire rainbows..after much googling. They are under exposed 2-4 stops ...
  A: I agree with you that your picture is of a "fire rainbow". Here are some more photos and an ...
squall line tornadoes?1/5/2012
  Q: DONALD,HOW DO SQUALL LINES PRODUCE TORNADOES? I AM QUOTING A STATEMENT MADE ABOUT THE 1974 SUPER OUT ...
  A: Tornadoes are always associated with thunderstorms; squall lines are typically a line of ...
Job Requirements1/4/2012
  Q: I am currently a junior in college majoring in biology. I originally was enrolled as a mechanical ...
  A: You do not have to be a programmer to be a meteorologist. If you are close to your degree in ...
Frost1/4/2012
  Q: How does frost form on top of a house when the temperature is above 32 degrees? I live in the ...
  A: Frost can't form if the temperature OF THE OBJECT is above 32. So, if the top of the roof were 32 or ...
presure variations12/30/2011
  Q: the pressure difference isn't usually as extreme as the day I cited, but there is definitely a ...
  A: Wooded areas are cooler which means less differential heating which means less up-drafts which means ...
cyclonic storms12/29/2011
  Q: I was a mariner and we had a thumb rule (which I have forgotten) to predict the direction in which a ...
  A: You're thinking of the Buys Ballot Law In the northern hemisphere, if you face the wind the storm ...
pressure variations12/28/2011
  Q: I've noticed that the barometric pressure is usually much lower near my sister's house, which has a ...
  A: I would suspect that one of the barometers you are using is out of adjustment if the readings are ...
Insolation data12/27/2011
  Q: I hope you are doing good. Have you got any idea that how can i know the global areas receiving ...
  A: This should give you the info: ...
wind confusion!12/24/2011
  Q: donald,i live on the mobile,al bay.it goes out to the gulf of mexico.i'm confused though, the ...
  A: If the land temperatures are hotter than the water temperatures, then a south wind would bring ...
Measuring Hours Below Freezing12/16/2011
  Q: Is there a reasonably priced gauge/device for the home gardener that can track number of hours ...
  A: You have two choices: A thermograph: http://www.novalynx.com/210-4110.html ...
tornadoes12/15/2011
  Q: If tornadoes are just rotating columns of wind, how are they so destructive?
  A: Well, they are rotating columns of wind and they are destructive because the wind speed in the wall ...
finding the three letter weather code for any city in any location across the U.S.12/15/2011
  Q: How can you find the three letter weather code for any city in any location across the U.S.?
  A: Take a look at: http://www.bayareascene.net/airportcodes.html ...
front altitudes12/11/2011
  Q: Do pressure fronts tend to form at certain altitudes more than others? Last fall & winter I recall ...
  A: Fronts generally are in touch with the surface and have a vertical structure that rises into the ...
Weather in Italy12/10/2011
  Q: Greetings! Been looking all over the internet and canīt seem to get a concise answer so here ...
  A: I think these may help: http://www.guidedolomiti.com/eng/location_-_climate_geology.html ...
pressure fronts12/5/2011
  Q: Do the points on a front line indicate the direction the front is moving? (For example, on a north ...
  A: You are correct, the half moons and/or triangles face in the direction a front is moving; the ...
very dark nights12/4/2011
  Q: We live on the gulf coast in the Houston/Galveston area of Texas. Not often but there are times when ...
  A: There are three possibilities that come to mind: 1. A decrease in light pollution: ...
Science12/1/2011
  Q: Since, Quitman, Georgia is two hours from the Atlantic Ocean or Gulf of Mexico, how is the weather ...
  A: Rainfall is enhanced by being so close to the warm Atlantic and very warm Gulf of Mexico; so, you'd ...
supercells and occluded fronts11/28/2011
  Q: i dont know what i would have done with out that info. now i just have a question about ...
  A: Looking at the link you supplied I do not see an orographic map; orographic has topographical ...
Tides11/27/2011
  Q: Donald, I live on Cape Cod and today (November 26) I went down to the bay beach at the time of high ...
  A: The new moon was a factor but the only enhancement may have been the Bermuda high pressure system ...
Calculus in Meteorology11/25/2011
  Q: I'm doing a project for my Calculus 1 class and I was wondering exactly how is calculus used in ...
  A: Calculus is used by computer models that predict future weather patterns; specifically, calculus is ...
Weather11/22/2011
  Q: Why is the sky blue?
  A: What a good question! The sky is blue because of scattering (when hitting the molecules of the ...
thickness of an air mass11/19/2011
  Q: When an 'Alberta clipper' flows down from Western Canada (east of the Continental Divide) into the ...
  A: First, an Alberta Clipper is steered by a jet stream: ...
air pressure and temperature11/17/2011
  Q: I am a middle school science teacher, and need to understand this concept: I understand that when ...
  A: "I understand that when air heats up, it moves faster, thus expanding and becoming less dense. Is ...
US weather11/12/2011
  Q: I am looking for any us cities or areas with summer temps in the 80s and 90s and winter temps in ...
  A: I think San Diego California would fit the bill. Take a look at this: ...
why is snow slippery?11/11/2011
  Q: mr rosenfeld, what makes snow slippery?
  A: Ice and snow are slippery because of its low coefficient of friction and the melting point. When you ...
Past Temperatures11/8/2011
  Q:
  A: See if this does the trick: http://www.nws.noaa.gov/climate/ What you do is click on a city near ...
St. Augustine FL weather11/6/2011
  Q: We are wondering why St Augustine, FL, was so comfortable in late October with 68 degrees, 85% ...
  A: The jet stream was situated in such a way (dipping down into the mid US) thus keeping cold air to ...
Wind speed near the tropopause11/2/2011
  Q: I know winds can be in excess of 100 kts in the tropopause...but what is the max wind speed ...
  A: As you can see, the tropopause is above the troposphere which is where the high speed jet streams ...
thermometer accuracy10/31/2011
  Q: Overall,are mercury thermometers the most accurate when weather observing compared to digital? What ...
  A: Generally speaking a mercury thermometer is considered the best way to measure temperature; however, ...
weather inquiry10/26/2011
  Q: I have a question regarding sunshine percentages. I have seen the  state sunshine percentages ...
  A: The cloud cover is the percentage of total and partial cloudiness for each hour of an average day in ...
climograph comparison10/25/2011
  Q: Looking at climograph comparison between L.A. California & Wilmington, North Carolina. Both coastal, ...
  A: Three reasons; first, the ocean off Wilmington is influenced by the warm gulf stream and cold ...
The dew point10/22/2011
  Q: I moved to Illinois from New York in 1996 and started getting sinus infections. The doctor told me ...
  A: The amount of dew is about the same in New York and Illinois; also, the amount of dew is not a ...
strange weather map10/17/2011
  Q: im takeing a course with a meteorology module that does its best to teach the entierty of ...
  A: Visibility data is only available for first order stations such, as an example, MONTREAL/MIRABEL ...
Is it possible to "smell" weather?10/13/2011
  Q: I'm writing this to know if its normal for humans to predict the rain, or stormy weather by just ...
  A: First, some people can smell changes of humidity and or changes of the smell associated with wind ...
strange weather map10/11/2011
  Q: im takeing a course with a meteorology module that does its best to teach the entierty of ...
  A: Well, these may help but, if not, then you will need the hourly observations from an archive to do ...
strange weather map10/10/2011
  Q: im takeing a course with a meteorology module that does its best to teach the entierty of ...
  A: Looking at: http://www.amaruk.com/ecampus/cag/materials/BCWx.png I can see that it would be ...
LOW PRESURE SYSTEM10/3/2011
  Q: IS IT POSSIBLE FOR A LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM TO FORM IN THE MIDDLE OF A HIGH PRESSURE SYSTEM, THEN SNOW ...
  A: Take a look at the map for the date on: ...
LOW PRESURE SYSTEM10/2/2011
  Q: IS IT POSSIBLE FOR A LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM TO FORM IN THE MIDDLE OF A HIGH PRESSURE SYSTEM, THEN SNOW ...
  A: Looking at the 1 am E.S.T. sfc map for the 25th, I see no high pressure system in that area: ...
upside down rainbow on sunny day9/22/2011
  Q: Last Saturday on a sunny day we looked up and saw a cloud that looked like someone had taken a ...
  A: Looks like you saw a Circumzenithal Arc which probably was as a result of nature and your Mother and ...
Seasonal Affective Disorder9/19/2011
  Q: I often experience a feeling of terror/dread right before and at sunset. It happens when I'm not ...
  A: Sounds like you have Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD which could cause your symptoms. Take a look ...
earthquakes and barometric presssures9/19/2011
  Q: Is there any correlation between a sudden rise in barometric pressure and earthquakes?
  A: The short answer is that lower barometric pressure is sometimes associated with earthquakes. Take ...
Hurricane Katrina Question9/15/2011
  Q: I understand that Hurricane Katrina was formed from a group of thunderstorms over the Bahamas, and ...
  A: If a hurricane moves from an area of hotter water to an area of cooler water, all other variables ...
after a rainstorm9/13/2011
  Q: What could explain why, if 2 locations less than 5 miles apart both receive about 15 minutes of rain ...
  A: If the ground was warmer in the area it would cause faster evaporation or if there was a breeze very ...
Tornado watches9/8/2011
  Q: What is the maxium amount of time that a tornado watch could be issued for? Would it be possible for ...
  A: Typically they are in effect for a few hours but could be for 12 or so hours. I've never heard of ...
Brighter Sun9/7/2011
  Q: I live in Iowa and lately I've been thinking the sun seems a lot brighter than usual. I realize the ...
  A: Many people, including me, think that the atmosphere has been cleaner thus making the sun ...
Pressure Gradient wind speed8/26/2011
  Q: hope this finds you well! Im hoping you can help me figure out the following: Is it possible to ...
  A: It is possible if you can predict the isobar pattern at your location; with the depiction of the ...
Ground fog8/26/2011
  Q: If the sky is mostly clear when you stand outside and look straight up, but you see solid dense ...
  A: What you are describing is "ground fog"; the moisture at ground level and above for a hundred feet ...
High pressure8/22/2011
  Q: There is currently a large high over Texas, helping to cause extreme drought, what would make it ...
  A: Large weather systems are generally moved by upper air winds: ...
Winter 2011-20128/16/2011
  Q: Plz reply.
  A: The date is too far in the future for an accurate forecast. Forecasts of between 4 and 7 days can ...
Follow-up question re phobias and weather archives.8/11/2011
  Q: Mr.Rosenfeld, Thankyou for all of the weather archive data that you gave me. It was very ...
  A: Questioner: Nick Subject: weather archives. Date Asked: 2011-08-03 00:35:30 Date Answered: ...
temperature reading sites8/11/2011
  Q: Where can I find the precise location of where temperature readings are taken in a given town?
  A: Temperature readings taken by NOAA are almost always taken at airports; so, assuming that is the ...
weather archives.8/3/2011
  Q: Mr. rosenfeld, my interest in the weather for many years has caused me to develop a weather ...
  A: An excellent question!! Phobias and compulsive behavior associated with weather can be a problem ...
micro climates8/1/2011
  Q: I live in a suburban area that is dotted with lots of little artificial "lakes" that were dug out to ...
  A: The topography certainly can affect weather patterns such as temperature; warmer temperatures are ...
cloud ceiling/roof7/31/2011
  Q: Okay, I'm a mountaineer in western washington. Often will it be raining in town with a cloud ceiling ...
  A: There is no "break-out" of cloud formula; however, if you learn to use a lapse-rate chart it may ...
Weather patterns7/26/2011
  Q: Surface weather patterns usually move from west to east across the lower 48 states. Why do ...
  A: Hurricanes generally form in the tropical Atlantic which is located further to the south than the ...
jet stream7/26/2011
  Q: I remember most of the winter the jet stream was moving at very fast speeds, whereas now, in summer, ...
  A: On average, winter has faster jet streams then spring, summer or the fall. Why? Because ...
forecast for next week in Mexico7/20/2011
  Q: I recently took a vacation where it rained every day, and I'm trying not to repeat the experience ...
  A: The date is too far in the future for an accurate forecast. Forecasts of between 4 and 7 days can ...
clear ring/circle around the moon7/14/2011
  Q: Good day, I live in SA, last night aroun 9pm I saw this clear ring/circle around the moon (a big ...
  A: Well, it sounds like a halo around the moon caused by the moon light passing through the cirrus ...
barometric pressure7/6/2011
  Q: Does the barometric pressure usually start dropping in late afternoon as it gets closer and closer ...
  A: There is a diurnal pressure change: http://amsglossary.allenpress.com/glossary/search?id=diurnal1 ...
Cloud burst7/4/2011
  Q: Sir, I just want to ask that what is the reason of cloud burst and y these usually occurs in hilly ...
  A: Cloud bursts: http://amsglossary.allenpress.com/glossary/search?id=cloudburst1 are when a ...
barometric pressure6/24/2011
  Q: I am a chronic migraineur with several triggers, one of them the weather. From the literature that I ...
  A: "I was wondering if you could describe the types of weather conditions that are involved with low ...
which was bigger and stronger6/23/2011
  Q: Donald,just wanted to ask you about 2 bad tornadoes.Which was bigger and/or stronger the joplin ...
  A: Looks like the Joplin is the winner: http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/2011_tornado_information.html ...
Thunder Storms6/23/2011
  Q: Is there any difference between the rain water and air when an electric storm is pretty much ...
  A: When a storm is directly overhead the humidity is higher and that can make a change in how the air ...
wx forecasts6/20/2011
  Q: If forecast for tomorrow is Chance of heavy winds and large hail. 40% chance of rain, then, ...
  A: A very low probability of a hail strike on that car in that the hail area will be very small in the ...
atmospheric instability6/12/2011
  Q: Is there a formula that indicates the point at which an atmosphere (described by relevant variables ...
  A: Take a look at: http://www.crh.noaa.gov/lmk/soo/docu/indices.php ...
warmer Atlantic Ocean6/11/2011
  Q: Did the Atlantic enter its warmer-than-usual phase sometime around spring 2009 or shortly before? (I ...
  A: Here is a link to show the North Atlantic ocean temps up to May of 2011: ...
Radar Phenomenon6/9/2011
  Q: On Thursday, June 9th at about 2am, I saw a radar event in Indiana and I was hoping I could get a ...
  A: I could not get the radar animation to work correctly so I've enclosed an animated radar gif for ...
wind question6/8/2011
  Q: i would like to know how windy it is there as compared to LA. i would also like to know your ...
  A: please explain what you mean by perpendicular versus parrallel to the valley as we are in the ...
Tornado anomaly?6/8/2011
  Q: In the summer of 2000, (maybe 1999) I was in Seagoville, texas just outside of dallas. I was on a ...
  A: First, as far as I know, there is no such thing as an "inverted" tornado. There are tornadoes that ...
wind question6/7/2011
  Q: i would like to know how windy it is there as compared to LA. i would also like to know your ...
  A: Looking at: http://www.city-data.com/city/Winters-California.html ...
raindrop distribution in clouds5/31/2011
  Q: mr. rosenfeld, are there the same amounts of raindrops in the top , middle ,and bottom of every ...
  A: Excellent question! First, the very high clouds like lenticulus and cirrus don't have rain drops in ...
running from powerful-long track tornadoes5/30/2011
  Q: I realize that meteorologist have certain moral obligations to the public so if you do not want to ...
  A: Officially, from NOAA, it would be dangerous to try to out-run a tornado in a car. Personally, I ...
storms5/26/2011
  Q: i would like to know the impacts storms(hurricanes,cyclones etc) have on the area near the Gulf of ...
  A: Tropical cyclones, as you know, bring extreme winds and rainfall along with storm surges to the Gulf ...
cliimate change effect on weather5/25/2011
  Q: Rosenfeld, My name is JB Cohen. I am in 8th grade and I have to do a science report regarding the ...
  A: 1. Do you think the number of storms will increase in the future due to global warming? Why? Well, ...
Storm Strength5/25/2011
  Q: Why do storm systems weaken as the sun sets? We have some pretty severe systems to our west and they ...
  A: A very good question! The sunlight heats the ground which in turn creates thermal updrafts with the ...
Wedding Weather5/19/2011
  Q: My wedding is on September 9th 2011 - I was wondering what the weather would be. Zip code, 21811. ...
  A: The date is too far in the future for an accurate forecast. Forecasts of between 4 and 7 days can ...
high speed winds at very high altitudes5/12/2011
  Q: I am a science teacher. Recently my students were looking at variations in the atmosphere by using ...
  A: Hope the following help: http://www.weatheranswer.com/public/Jet_Stream_by_Krista_Feierabend%20.pdf ...
Weather article for Time Out Dubai Magazine5/12/2011
  Q: I’m looking to interview a couple of meteorologists who specialize in the Middle East as we are ...
  A: I'd suggest trying these phone numbers and the email address: ...
high speed winds at very high altitudes5/11/2011
  Q: I am a science teacher. Recently my students were looking at variations in the atmosphere by using ...
  A: The peak wind speed is at around 13 km. The cause starts with temperature differences by elevation ...
cities in US with stable barometric pressure5/2/2011
  Q: There must be a list somewhere in which cities in the U.S. are rank ordered in terms of their degree ...
  A: See if these help: ...
Before and After Effects on Rainfall4/29/2011
  Q: After a rainfall passes a city, will the temperature and humidity increase or decrease? Also, if ...
  A: Some rainfall can be associated with downdrafts from cumulonimbus clouds which bring, on a localized ...
Before and After Effects on Rainfall4/28/2011
  Q: After a rainfall passes a city, will the temperature and humidity increase or decrease? Also, if ...
  A: After a rain producing weather system leaves an area the humidity in that area will be higher than ...
Heat Haze4/21/2011
  Q: I am a photographer that is very annoyed at having photos ruined by heat haze, and I was wondering ...
  A: On a cool or hot day you can get heat haze as a clear sky with bright sunlight can heat up the earth ...
Weather4/21/2011
  Q: what is weather how do you learn about it
  A: Weather is all the components of the atmosphere which create the day to day clouds, precipitation, ...
meteorology4/10/2011
  Q: Sir,What are the divisions and subdivisions of meteorology
  A: Here is some info on the Koppen Climate Classification: ...
Florida September 2011 Weather4/7/2011
  Q: I was wondering if you could please help me determine what the weather will be like for my wedding ...
  A: The date is too far in the future for an accurate forecast. Forecasts of between 4 and 7 days can ...
Hurricanes on a planet with no land question4/5/2011
  Q: I was wondering something about what weather might be like on an Earth-like planet with no ...
  A: There would still be upper air steering currents that would move weather systems around; systems ...
Kicker S/w4/3/2011
  Q: A kicker shortwave keeps the system ahead of it moving. But why does it not phase with the system ...
  A: Well, my thoughts are: an upper air short wave trough may be to the west of a surface low pressure ...
wheather condition in adavance4/3/2011
  Q: is there any cyclone in may 2011
  A: Well, it's too early to make an accurate prediction but you should look at: ...
prevailing winds and airmass direction4/3/2011
  Q: I've been told that the air mass in canada "north of the 52 parallel" moves east to west. I find ...
  A: Cold air-masses in Canada typically move from north or northwest toward a southerly direction. ...
3 or 4 types of fronts?3/27/2011
  Q: Mr Rosenfeld. I've been going about books and the Net, trying to understand the way fronts work. I ...
  A: The statement: "However, when the upper-level winds change direction to blow along the front, ...
3 or 4 types of fronts?3/26/2011
  Q: Mr Rosenfeld. I've been going about books and the Net, trying to understand the way fronts work. I ...
  A: There are Cold fronts: http://keithrogershome.com/fig54ColdFront.gif Warm fronts: ...
Clouds3/24/2011
  Q: 1st: how do clouds form in the sky. ANSWER: Hi Maribel A cloud forms when some air is forced to a ...
  A: Thicker clouds tend to be the ones that have rain associated; thicker clouds allow less light from ...
Clouds3/23/2011
  Q: 1st: how do clouds form in the sky.
  A: A cloud forms when some air is forced to a higher level of the atmosphere which then results in ...
thunderstorms3/22/2011
  Q: How do thunderstorms form ? Why do you need to avoid them.
  A: Thunderstorms form from air being forced to rise due to thermal updrafts or frontal boundaries ...
RAIN/SNOW Measure Declaration3/10/2011
  Q: I understand there are scientific standard and collector for measring but please advise why when ...
  A: Different countries, organizations, weather bureaus have different customs as to how to report ...
hurricanes3/1/2011
  Q: i'm a 3rd grader doing research and have a questions about hurricanes. what cawses hurricanes and ...
  A: Very good questions!! Hurricanes are caused by warm ocean temperatures, light winds over the area ...
collecting weather data2/28/2011
  Q: I am a technology resource teacher in Henrico County Public Schools, Va. I have a group of 4th ...
  A: Question # 1: It just means that this December was much colder than other below normal Decembers. ...
jet stream vs wind shear in relation to tornado2/28/2011
  Q: Donald does the jet stream push the tornado or" are there other winds" pushing the tornado Also what ...
  A: There are other winds and forces; a low level jet will move a super cell cluster but a high level ...
radiation frost2/26/2011
  Q: How does relative humidity cause radiation frost and how does dew point cause radiation frost.
  A: Relative humidity and dew point are measures pertaining to moisture but neither causes radiation ...
Changes in Weather2/22/2011
  Q: How is that the weather switches from 70 degree weather to 20 degree weather in a day and does that ...
  A: The temperature very rarely falls 50 degrees within a 24 hour period but it does occasionally ...
cloud burst2/22/2011
  Q: i just want to know that what is cloud burst and why it usually takes place on hilly areas. Thank ...
  A: A cloudburst is a sudden intense (heavy) rain event of short duration. Typically the duration would ...
How is the atmosphere warmed?2/19/2011
  Q: I am a student in 3rd grade learning about the earth. My book and my teacher say that the air in the ...
  A: You and your mother and father are all correct! Any "matter": ...
wind2/19/2011
  Q: I believe wind is a movement of air from an area of high pressure, to an area of low pressure. Wind ...
  A: One way a wind travels is from high to low pressure but there are other ways as well: ...
weight of snow.2/14/2011
  Q: My 4th grade STEM students want to find out the weight of snow needed to fill our school gymnasium. ...
  A: Take a look at: "Ken Hellevang, from the University of North Dakota says: "The weight of snow ...
clouds2/10/2011
  Q: I Was looking at the sky on a really cold morning(about 12 degrees f.) And noticed white clouds in ...
  A: The clouds you probably saw were cirrus: ...
windy after tornado2/8/2011
  Q: Donald,how come after a bad tornado has passed ,..it's so windy i've looked at alot of videos and ...
  A: It probably is due to the strong rear-flank downdraft winds: ...
a wierd blue flash2/7/2011
  Q: what causes a blue flash that encompasses everything in sight, yet is not blinding, and isn't ...
  A: My guess would be an electric line or transformer short circuit that was just below the horizon: ...
Barometric headaches2/7/2011
  Q: I know I am a sufferer of barometric pressure headaches but I don't know how to chart and measure ...
  A: If you tell me which city you live in I can send you a link to watch the atmospheric pressure and ...
weather and seasons2/7/2011
  Q: Sir,do seasons affect the weather?
  A: Seasons Do effect the weather! As examples, winter is colder (in the northern hemisphere) and the ...
Snow totals2/4/2011
  Q: can you tell me the snow amount per day for Phila PA in jan 2011
  A: 000 CXUS51 KPHI 022028 CF6PHL PRELIMINARY LOCAL CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA (WS FORM: F-6) ...
cloudless snowfall2/3/2011
  Q: It's 8:00am, 15°F, sunny and calm. There's not a cloud in the sky and a light, sparkling, snow is ...
  A: It could be snow blown from a roof, passing truck, mountain top or......from a cloud that passed out ...
clouds2/2/2011
  Q: what kind was out yesterday in Jersey City?
  A: Looking at satellite images from yesterday: ...
high pressure surface winds1/28/2011
  Q: I live in S. Florida and when a hurricane is forecast to pass thru my area I can fairly accurately ...
  A: If the high passes to your west the winds will have a northerly component. If it passes to your east ...
Gulf Stream vs Weather patterns1/27/2011
  Q: I would like your opinion on a theory I heard not long after the major oil spill in the Gulf of ...
  A: What would probably happen from an oil spill is that it would make the Gulf water warmer thus ...
weather patterns across the US1/27/2011
  Q: My niece wants to know,,,,,how come when California has a big rainstorm, it makes it to the east ...
  A: If a rainstorm that first hits California, in the form of a low pressure area, then moves through ...
ratio of rain to snow1/25/2011
  Q: For purposes of accumulation is there a ratio of rain to snow? For example if it snows 1 inch does ...
  A: Generally speaking, 1" of rainfall would equal 10" of snow. But...., the colder the surface ...
Moon phases and weather patterns1/21/2011
  Q: I have been told people can determine good weather around the time of full moons. Would this be ...
  A: I don't believe so. I took a look at moon / weather proverbs and I don't find any thing conclusive: ...
tornado strength1/21/2011
  Q: i've heard there is a law i believe called angular momentum....having to do with rotational spin in ...
  A: Another excellent question! I doubt that the partial vacuum in a tornado would be enough to raise a ...
Storm Patterns1/21/2011
  Q: If a storm were to occur on one specific location and then go eastwards to the next location, could ...
  A: Well, if it is a low pressure area of large size it can return if the jet stream is making a loop ...
Snow Storms.1/19/2011
  Q: Ga and so far we have gotten two Major snow events that the snow has accumulated. I love the snow ...
  A: A La Nina pattern continues which will mean more below normal temperatures for the southeast along ...
Effects of greater amounts of water vapor1/17/2011
  Q: It has been an interesting year weather-wise for far all over the world. Are the events we are ...
  A: Extreme temperatures are associated with more intense storms which could lead to increased ...
wind1/13/2011
  Q: I am trying to explain how wind is generated to my 5 yr. old, and am having trouble bringing it to ...
  A: Wind is cause by pressure gradients: ...
tornado movement1/12/2011
  Q: Donald,could you please tell me"what type of wind moves a supercell tornado?....the tornado has to ...
  A: Actually, the tornado is attached to part of the cloud above it, the cloud being a cumulonimbus ...
Winter sunshine & seasons1/9/2011
  Q: My kindergarten class is studying the weather. We were outside on a very sunny day. One student ...
  A: I didn't know a kindergartner could ask such a sophisticated question!! Must be the good teaching ...
past weather conditions1/6/2011
  Q: I am trying to find the temperature in Kingston NY for the early morning hours of October 22, 2010. ...
  A: On Friday the 22nd, the temperature descended from 34F at 12:01 am to around 31 F at 6 am. ...
tornado1/5/2011
  Q: hello i was wonering if it is hard to have a tornado in a suburb and if they are what are the ...
  A: Tornadoes can occur anywhere. Over large lakes and the ocean they are called "waterspouts". ...
Hygrometers/Humidity Readings1/2/2011
  Q: Was wondering about the accuracy of hygrometer/humidity readings. I live in Roanoke, VA in the ...
  A: It is very possible and even probable that humidity levels in a neighborhood could vary greatly. ...
Past snowfall in philadelphia1/1/2011
  Q: Is there a way to find out the days it snowed w/accumilation in the Philadelphia PA area for years ...
  A: This will give you what you need: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/snow-and-ice/dly-data.php Even though ...
NOAA / NWS Lead Forecaster12/30/2010
  Q: I realize you don't work for the National Weather Service, but you may have in the past or know ...
  A: Take a look at: ...
Hail stones and Wall clouds12/21/2010
  Q: Can hail stones be produced by wall clouds?
  A: Well, "wall" clouds: http://marcvaldez.blogspot.com/i000766_big.jpg ...
Climate temperature change - 10 year 12/20/2010
  Q: What is the average temperature increase in the past 10 years?
  A: The ten year temperature change looks to be about plus one degree Fahrenheit. The following links ...
cloud seeding12/16/2010
  Q: What is your view about cloud seeding? Is it desirable? What is the long-term effect of cloud ...
  A: Cloud seeding works: ...
Tornado formation12/12/2010
  Q: Can you please tell me what makes a tornado grow i've seen them only on videos, but as they appear ...
  A: An excellent question! Tornadoes occur due to severe thunderstorms developing a strong up and then ...
Understanding the 'feels like' temperature12/11/2010
  Q: I have done some reading and understand this is windchill that does not actually change the ...
  A: Windchill temperature is a measure of what the living thing would feel if it had nerves that felt ...
Lake effect snow12/9/2010
  Q: We live right next to Lake Erie in NE Ohio (we can see the lake from our driveway). I've noticed ...
  A: The distribution pattern is dependent upon several variables but I would say the factor affecting ...
winter outlook11/29/2010
  Q: I'm taking a ski trip from mid December to the first seven days of Jan to Vermont, the Bolton valley ...
  A: The date is too far in the future for an accurate forecast. Forecasts of between 4 and 7 days can ...
Purple Sky11/26/2010
  Q: One Time I saw the sky turn Purple. What does a Purple Sky mean? I have heard a Green Sky means a ...
  A: I've always heard that a green sky indicates hail which is usually associated with cumulonimbus ...
Hurricanes11/25/2010
  Q: Jamaica is surrounded by deep ocean waters, while Grand Bahamas Island is surrounded by shallow ...
  A: Shallow waters produce the greater storm surges. Shallow water allows for a greater focus and ...
High and low tides11/23/2010
  Q: I am a manager of a provincial park (Parlee Beach) in NB Canada. We are preparing for an annual ...
  A: Low pressure areas can have a big impact on a high tide in that the waves associated with storm ...
Longwave Patterns11/23/2010
  Q: I hear a lot about the polar vortex and the role it plays in Eastern US snowstorms. For instance, ...
  A: Eastern US snow storms are totally dependent on the jet stream, short waves and vorticity maxes with ...
blue stripe in clouds over san francisco11/20/2010
  Q: a little earlier today i saw a very long stripe of blue sky through the clouds here in san ...
  A: First, these "stripes" are man made. Second, they are not normal contrails. Third, I've never seen ...
fronts11/17/2010
  Q: compare the type and location of precipitation associated with a cold front with those associated ...
  A: With cold fronts, the precipitation is normally in front of the front. Precip type is either showers ...
weather data - recent snow depth reports11/9/2010
  Q: I'm looking - unsuccessfully - for real-time (or close to it) date about snow depth for cities of ...
  A: See if these links help: ...
Temperate climate11/8/2010
  Q: Where in the rural U.S. could I enjoy all 4 seasons, low humidity, & summer temps in the high 70's - ...
  A: Looks like you want normal seasons with low humidity (rules out coastal locations) and summer day ...
Weather Question11/7/2010
  Q: Where in the rural U.S. could I enjoy all 4 seasons, low humidity, & summer temps in the high 70's - ...
  A: How do you define "enjoy"? For instance, since you refer to summer, fall, winter and spring are ...
Global Warming - Yes or No ?10/29/2010
  Q: Hey Donald. I just have a question on Global warming. You hear a lot of people talk about "The ...
  A: Back in 2006 I was asked the same question; here's my response: Subject: Global warming - is it ...
Measurement of rainfall10/27/2010
  Q: As part of a science assignment for middle school, my daughter is measuring rainfall for one week. ...
  A: There are two ways: If the bucket has straight vertical walls, all you need to do is put a ruler in ...
Station plot coding10/27/2010
  Q: I am looking at a weather report for Houston on October 5,2010 and I need to know where do I find ...
  A: I need to know what kind of weather report you're looking at; if you have a link (url)for it you ...
Cloud Density and light transmission10/25/2010
  Q: Donald, I teach meteorology at the community college level, but I have never been able to find the ...
  A: My answer would be all of them plus variables about the sunlight or moon light: ...
post-hurricane10/24/2010
  Q: I wonder if you might help me. I'm trying to find out what the weather is like in the immediate ...
  A: Well, it depends upon how you'd define "immediate". Some people say that it is very humid and others ...
snow Carrollton Georgia10/22/2010
  Q: ANSWER: Hi Ean It looks likely! Your zip for Carrollton Georgia is close to Atlanta so looking at ...
  A: Generally, La Nina means warmer weather for Georgia which, in turn, means less snowfall. With that ...
"The Greenland Block" vs global warming10/19/2010
  Q: Hey Donald, I'm 20 and ive been tracking weather since 2001 (Im NOT interested in entering ...
  A: A question also might be is what causes an abnormal seasonal shift of any major atmospheric feature, ...
Fog10/8/2010
  Q: I wanted to know is it possible to spray FOG(not a mist)? Like for instance you would spray cologne?
  A: See if these help: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qLO-0WbAGk0&feature=fvw ...
prevailing winds9/25/2010
  Q: What are the prevailing seasonal winds in Washington D.C. and Baltimore MD.? Is there a website ...
  A: For Washington: http://www.bestplaces.net/climate/details.aspx?cat=Miscellaneous&wmo=724030&locale= ...
Wind/Vietnam9/21/2010
  Q: I'm trying to determine wind direction for the month of December in the general region of Hanoi ...
  A: This should give you the info you need: ...
Hurricanes9/14/2010
  Q: What enables hurricanes to defy the coriolis effect? Why do they travel from the west coast of ...
  A: The coriolis effect is too weak to influence hurricanes except on the initial formation: ...
Winds9/14/2010
  Q: How do winds mix down to the sfc? Does it depend on the speed of the low level winds to the sfc ...
  A: Mixing winds occur with updrafts and down drafts from thermal currents, turbulence and frictional ...
Moon and TIdes9/5/2010
  Q: Aloha - i am an Earth and space science teacher in Hawaii. I know that the moon (and a little of ...
  A: See if this helps: Subject: AllExperts - Question and Answer for Question answered Date: Friday, ...
Hurricane Earl9/1/2010
  Q: I'm new to this, and find it so cool, so thanks for taking the time to read my question! My question ...
  A: I think that Earl will be a risk to Halifax but it's still to early to make a definitive forecast. ...
what's accurate8/27/2010
  Q: I'm going to take a chance and hope you know the answer to this question. If not maybe you can tell ...
  A: Any time an all time record high or low temperature is set, the regional NOAA office checks the ...
Changing barometric reading to kpa8/23/2010
  Q: Is there a simple formula to change a barametric pressure reading of 29.5 to a kpa barametric ...
  A: To kilopascals: PkPa = 33.8639 X ( PinHg / 10 ) And to inches: PinHg = 0.295300 X PkPa Where: ...
La-Nina Advisory?!?8/15/2010
  Q: Hey there Donald! I was searching through the national weather service site on the CPC page and I ...
  A: I haven't made a winter forecast yet but the following links may help: ...
pressure height maps8/12/2010
  Q: why don't we pressure-height maps at sea level? and explain the difference between the observed and ...
  A: Great questions! Because the weather observing station's surface pressure is adjusted to sea level ...
Optimum weather conditions for sunset..7/31/2010
  Q: I am a photographer and was wondering, are their specific conditions within a detailed weather ...
  A: Looking at: http://www.google.com/images?hl=en%26q=sunset%26biw=1020%26bih=567 it looks like some ...
lightning - concussive force7/26/2010
  Q: can lighting move something 500 lbs 15 feet
  A: I'd guess yes. Why? Because lightning can hit a nearby object which would then creative a concussive ...
MJO7/25/2010
  Q:
  A: When I look at: http://www.hurricaneknowledge.com/satelliteviews.html and choose "Full Atlantic ...
Hurricane wind7/22/2010
  Q: If a hurricane has sustained winds of 100 mph while still over the water and is moving in a north by ...
  A: Probably about 90 mph. The math would be 100 mph with 10 mph subtracted because the speed of ...
Tropics7/16/2010
  Q: Ive noticed that the tropics have been quiet to due to a lot of SAL off of Africa. Just today im ...
  A: I don't and the reason is that I look at: http://www.hurricaneknowledge.com/satelliteviews.html ...
Ball lightning7/14/2010
  Q: I was on my computer during a storm that was pretty much overhead. I could see the lightening ...
  A: The way I understand it is that lightning looks for a ground. A person who is not grounded is less ...
Ball lightning7/13/2010
  Q: I was on my computer during a storm that was pretty much overhead. I could see the lightening ...
  A: It probably didn't kill you because you were not grounded or were poorly grounded; as to the ...
fog oddities7/12/2010
  Q: One time in the UP of MI I was sitting by Lake Superior. It was foggy just offshore in the late ...
  A: Here are some photos: http://www.google.com/images?hl=en&q=fogbow ...
Thermal balance of the Earth7/11/2010
  Q: We all know that heat comes from sun but how about cold. Temperature in sky is very low and minus 0 ...
  A: Here's the scoop on "cold" at the surface of the Earth, I may be missing one but basically there are ...
Thermal balance of the Earth7/11/2010
  Q: We all know that heat comes from sun but how about cold. Temperature in sky is very low and minus 0 ...
  A: It is true that the majority of the atmospheric heat comes from the Sun but some also comes from the ...
barometer readings7/8/2010
  Q: i have two barometers,one digital, one analog and neither ever read the same. why? the digital is ...
  A: It could be you need to set both instruments to the same barometric pressure and then watch them. If ...
Average jet stream location summer/winter7/2/2010
  Q: My wife and I are looking for potential retirement locations in North America, one north and one ...
  A: Not sure that I agree with choice of being north of the jet stream in the summer but, to answer your ...
La Nina winter 2011 Vancouver6/27/2010
  Q: Are they excepting La Nina winter for 2011 for Vancouver?
  A: Here's what NOAA thinks: http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/predictions/90day/fxus05.html "THE ...
Weather & sleep6/25/2010
  Q: I was wondering would you please tell me: is it a fact that hot weather will make you fall asleep? ...
  A: Hot weather, without air conditioning, will make you have a harder time falling asleep. However, the ...
Barometric Pressure and Altitude Sickness6/10/2010
  Q: I'm thinking of going to Tibet in August. I get headaches when the barometric pressure is low so I'm ...
  A: My guess would be that the critical issue is the lower atmosphere pressure with altitude, so I would ...
quartz-like atmospheric effects - Fallstreaks6/10/2010
  Q: Following up from a previous thread "strange cloud formations" (I apologize for the misnomer because ...
  A: You're welcome and I've kept your question in my active file because I want to investigate falling ...
quartz-like atmospheric effects6/9/2010
  Q: Following up from a previous thread "strange cloud formations" (I apologize for the misnomer because ...
  A: I'm glad that we have identified the crepuscular rays for sure. I'll continue to review the current ...
strange cloud formations6/9/2010
  Q: I have never seen anything like this, it stopped me in my tracks (Hudson, NY). If you look closely ...
  A: Well, it could be "virga"; the close up might suggest that: ...
Gulf Oil Spill Effects6/8/2010
  Q: How likely is it that the prevailing winds and currents will cause the gulf oil spill residue to ...
  A: Here is some thoughts (and a movie simulation) on your questions: ...
strange cloud formations6/7/2010
  Q: I have never seen anything like this, it stopped me in my tracks (Hudson, NY). If you look closely ...
  A: I think the lower "splintering" to be: Fall Streaks: ...
lightning6/5/2010
  Q: where does lightning come from?
  A: Lightning emanates from 2 locations: the sky and from the ground. So, there is cloud to ground, ...
barometric pressure causes fatigue and depression6/3/2010
  Q: Is it so that low barometric pressure causes severe fatigue and depression? How do I get more ...
  A: Low pressure areas (storms) are associated with low atmospheric pressure and cloudiness. Lack of ...
Hurricane suppression6/2/2010
  Q: Good day, Can you tell me if hurricanes can be prevented? If it can be predicted why cant it be ...
  A: The formation of hurricanes starts as an area of thunderstorms that then become a tropical ...
Hurricanes and Houston5/27/2010
  Q: I bought a home in 2005 in Pasadena, Tx. Within the first 3 years, I experienced Hurricane Rita, ...
  A: Rita was a category 3 storm when it struck Texas: ...
weather in the low country in south carolina5/15/2010
  Q: I am curious as to why it has been so blasted dry lately here in the summerville sc area laterly and ...
  A: You're right; so far this spring, the frontal systems have had the thunderstorm traveling to your ...
Weather instruments5/13/2010
  Q: What are some popular weather instruments and what do they do?
  A: Thermometer: Tells the temperature of the air. Barometer: Tells the weight of the air. ...
Vietnam Prevailing Winds5/10/2010
  Q: Donald, how would I be able to determine the direction of the wind during any season. What I am ...
  A: I'm unable to to find specific wind info for 1971, 72 & 73 but I think you may be able to get it ...
advection/radiation sea fog4/21/2010
  Q: I'm an ocean kayaker/writer, and I want to get my facts straight. The fog that forms on British ...
  A: The high nearby terrain, depending upon the wind direction, shelters Queen Charlotte Strait from ...
meteroloigist4/20/2010
  Q: Donald You as a meteoroloigist what doI need to know about currrents,tides,atmosphere,and wether
  A: For currents: http://oceancurrents.rsmas.miami.edu/ For tides: ...
important concepts to know4/17/2010
  Q: Sir I am doing research for my 6th grade science class and i would like to know about 2 concept ...
  A: With respect to tides: 1. There are two high and two low tides each day. 2. During storms, both ...
The future of weather forecasting4/5/2010
  Q: First, I really want to thank you all for the effort you put on this. My questions are: What is the ...
  A: Currently weather forecasting is composed of a meteorologist interpreting the computer generated ...
Twice as cold3/24/2010
  Q: If it's 0 degrees outside, and it gets twice as cold, what is the new temperature? If you can answer ...
  A: Good question! http://en.allexperts.com/q/Meteorology-Weather-668/science-1.htm ...
why does weather move from the west to the east3/24/2010
  Q: Iam in 3rd grade and i have a question, "why does weather move from the west to the east"and what ...
  A: In the northern hemisphere there are a band of winds about 18 thousand feet called the westerlies. ...
orographic precipitation3/21/2010
  Q: i was wondering where relief precipitaion was most likely to occur in canada? thank you
  A: The area of the Canadian Rockies. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Rockies ...
Is rain water safe for drinking?3/14/2010
  Q: Is rainwater actually safe ?? I live next to an industrialized part of a city, and due to water ...
  A: A great question! Many parts of the world depend on rain water for normal domestic use including ...
High and low pressure cells3/3/2010
  Q: I'm having to teach about high and low pressure cells and I admit that I'm having difficulty ...
  A: Highs and lows co-exist and move independently depending upon many variables including pressure ...
cold air mass movement & jet stream causes3/1/2010
  Q: Why does cold air mass - as a whole, move at some times more strongly east than it does at others. ? ...
  A: High pressure (weight) does tend to move and transfer air to areas of lower pressure. The cause of ...
cold air mass movmnt/ distrib. - long./lat.3/1/2010
  Q: Why does cold air mass - as a whole, move at some times more strongly east than it does at others. ? ...
  A: Cold air masses are high pressure areas and move in the direction of lower pressure areas of warmer ...
idaho weather in june2/25/2010
  Q: I was just wondering if you could tell me what the weather might be like on June 4th 2010, in ...
  A: The date is too far in the future for an accurate forecast. Forecasts of between 4 and 7 days can ...
Lake Michigan ice cover2/23/2010
  Q: How many times has the lake frozen in recorded history ?qu
  A: Looks like a 97% frozen over in 1978-79 but that seems to be the highest. Take a look at the ...
snow2/15/2010
  Q: Sometimes during heavy snowfall the snow collects on transmission wire and forms all around the ...
  A: The electricity that passes through a transmission line creates a magnetic field which probably has ...
Seasons and Weather2/15/2010
  Q: my name is Eliz. I am doing a project about the seasons and weather. For part of my project, I need ...
  A: 1. What do you think is the best part of your job? Forecasting hurricanes and snow storms! 2. What ...
Weather and behaviour2/15/2010
  Q: I am currently in the final year of my Masters in Education and I am writing a dissertation ...
  A: Sounds like an interesting area for experimental studies!! I would presume that there must be ...
Long range weather forecast2/14/2010
  Q: What are the "fall 2010 weather predictions" for Vancouver? Thanks!
  A: To get an idea of what NOAA thinks for the months involved, take a look at: ...
cloud base and temp dewpoint conversion2/7/2010
  Q: There used to be a chart that had the Temp degrees F and the Dewpoint degrees F that when referenced ...
  A: See if any of the following links help: ...
The moon1/30/2010
  Q: Neither I nor my friend had seen this in our lives. Thank you and hope to here from you soon
  A: It was probably a halo around the moon caused by the moon light passing through the ice crystals of ...
NYC Weather1/14/2010
  Q: Do you know what the weather most likely could be in NYC from February 14-18, 2009? Thank you, ...
  A: The date is too far in the future for an accurate forecast. Forecasts of between 4 and 7 days can ...
Aviation Wx - ADDS1/14/2010
  Q: Where can I find an explanation of the symbols and markings on the adds prog charts and metar plots. ...
  A: The following links should help: http://adds.aviationweather.noaa.gov/progs/description.php ...
barometric pressure1/5/2010
  Q: my name is Ethan. I fish for large mouth bass in tournaments and I’m getting to the level where ...
  A: Well, there are 3 atmospheric pressure tendencies- steady, up or down. The faster the change the ...
snow accumulation1/4/2010
  Q: What is considered "light", "moderate", and "significant" snow accumulations?.......thanks
  A: Typically, descriptions of light, moderate or heavy refer to the snow fall rate as determined by ...
Dodge Tides1/1/2010
  Q: How Do you know when a dodge tide is about to occur? I live on Kangaroo Island , South Australia .
  A: A very good question! I've never been asked that one. A "Dodge tide" is a term to describe a tide ...
potential northeast blizzard12/31/2009
  Q: What can we expect from this storm were i am at? what about the bolton ski resort area? can we ...
  A: This weekend and early next week there will be a snow event over central and northern Maine. ...
How to measure snowfall depth12/25/2009
  Q: how do you measure snow to tell how many inches we got
  A: When you measure, avoid drifts. Use areas away from buildings and take 10 different measurements ...
Thunder in December12/9/2009
  Q: I just arrived at work this morning and there is a rain storm. The temperature is 64 degrees and I ...
  A: First, thunder and lightning is possible in any month of the year. The occurrence of thunder in a ...
why is winter taking so long in the northeast?12/7/2009
  Q: I was wondering what the winter has in store for us down here? What can we expect? Also i am going ...
  A: The jet stream storm track has been located abnormally south of it's normal location thus bringing ...
what is a Nor' Wester?12/6/2009
  Q: i am doing my project on weather, and one of the things i have to look up is a nor' Wester. What is ...
  A: A nor'wester occurs in New Zealand as a dry wind and in India as a local thunder storm. ...
clouds11/30/2009
  Q: WHy is it that it 5 a.m. where I'm at and there is no clouds? What is the cause of this?
  A: Could be a high pressure area over your location with descending air from above which is unfavorable ...
weather11/30/2009
  Q: What are the types of precipitation found in NY seasonally during the entire year?
  A: In the warm months: rain, showers, hail, fog, and dew. In the cold months: snow, snow showers, ...
CO211/24/2009
  Q: Mr. Rosenfeld, What are the "exact" levels of CO2 supposed to be here on Earth? Also, what role ...
  A: 0.04% http://www.cou2.com/Carbon-dioxide-in-the-Earth's-atmosphere.html Depending upon the solar ...
december weather for vermont11/23/2009
  Q: I am taking a ski vacaction to Bolton Valley but im staying in the area of Burlington Vermont. I am ...
  A: The date is too far in the future for an accurate forecast. Forecasts of between 4 and 7 days can ...
weather site11/23/2009
  Q: What would be a good weather website where I can find an example of a surface analysis and an ...
  A: The following links should help: http://joseph-bartlo.net/articles/102398.htm ...
coastal weather11/11/2009
  Q: We have just bought an ocean going boat kept at Oxnard, CA, and want to know the best way to obtain ...
  A: These should help: http://forecast.weather.gov/wwamap/wwatxtget.php?cwa=lox&wwa=small craft ...
correlation between weather and weddings11/11/2009
  Q: i intend to do a research with regard to the correlation between the weather and weddings in Kenya, ...
  A: I know of no research into the subject but this link may be of help: http://tinyurl.com/yjx2kuc I ...
Weather, Earth Space Science11/4/2009
  Q: Average daily temperatures for one city, located at 15° south latitude, are 5°C cooler than ...
  A: Could be the first city is at a higher elevation or near the ocean; the answer probably would be the ...
Component of Global Winds resulting from Sun Position10/30/2009
  Q: The longitude experiencing sunrise is, on average, considerably cooler than where solar time is ...
  A: What a wonderful question!! I believe you're right; it would work like a land breeze that goes from ...
Weather movement10/28/2009
  Q: I need a seventh grade answer: Why is the majority of the weather moving from west to east? ...
  A: In the northern hemisphere storms generally move from west to east following the jet stream. However ...
visual weather indicators10/27/2009
  Q: I am looking for the every day visual weather indicators that can tell me the wind speed/direction, ...
  A: On the ocean you can use wave height as a wind speed indicator but, on land, the best way is use a ...
visual weather indicators10/27/2009
  Q: I am looking for the every day visual weather indicators that can tell me the wind speed/direction, ...
  A: Well, a person who is not connected to the internet could use: ...
winter forecast10/20/2009
  Q: I was wondering what the winter has in store for us down here? What can we expect? Also i am going ...
  A: Here is what NOAA is forecasting for the winter months: ...
hurricanes- Atlantic origin10/17/2009
  Q: where do most hurricanes form in the atlantic ocean?
  A: Most hurricanes that form in the Atlantic initiate off the coast of Africa; take a look at: ...
Weather predictions verification10/12/2009
  Q: Is there a way to look up what the weather predictions were starting on Oct 5 for a 10 day ...
  A: This brings you out for 8 days but you'll have to wait till the 5th is archived: ...
Climate in the Pyrenees10/9/2009
  Q: Reading a travel diary from a trip to France in 1988, I saw that the highest peaks in the Pyrenees ...
  A: Global warming impacts all parts of the earth in different ways and for different time frames. Here ...
Hi and Low Temps10/5/2009
  Q: When listing hi and low temps for a particular day, is the low temp from the morning of that day or ...
  A: When NOAA reports the high and low temperature for the past day, the temperature could occur at any ...
Southern Ontario Summers: Extinct?10/3/2009
  Q: I live in Toronto. After 35 of them, it seems to me that our summers are getting shorter and wetter, ...
  A: I think you are correct re the change of the climate in the Toronto area. I expect it is related to ...
Predicting Storms9/25/2009
  Q: I actually have a couple of questions for a school project: 1)Where do you go to predict the weather ...
  A: 1)Where do you go to predict the weather: Weathermen use computers that have access to ...
Weather and measurement9/24/2009
  Q: Our assignment is to ask a scientist five questions about how they use measurement in their work. ...
  A: Sounds like an interesting assignment!! 1)Do you personally make measurements, or do you rely on ...
Lightning types9/20/2009
  Q: Does lightning come up from the ground or down from the sky? This is a question that gets much ...
  A: The correct answer is BOTH! There are cloud to ground, ground to cloud and cloud to cloud. There are ...
unusual clouds9/8/2009
  Q: As you can see in the photo there were a couple long, ropelike clouds apparently extending for a ...
  A: There are two names for these clouds, Morning Glory: ...
Lake Michigan Water Temp8/29/2009
  Q: Would like to know how the surface water temperature [8-28-09] compares to the same date on previous ...
  A: See if these help: http://www.coastwatch.msu.edu/michigan/7day/m/ ...
Causeway rain8/26/2009
  Q: Is there a difference between intensity of wind and rain between land right near the water and out a ...
  A: If you have noticed this phenomena on several occasions it probably is not your imagination. So, the ...
barometric change headaches8/22/2009
  Q: I too suffer from pressure change headaches and take medication for them. My problem is trying to ...
  A: Here's an average pressure map of the entire USA: http://cdo.ncdc.noaa.gov/climaps/slvp6113.pdf ...
Wedding date weather8/22/2009
  Q: I'm getting married may 1 2010. I was wondering about weather, rain, temp, and all that stuff i need ...
  A: The date is too far in the future for an accurate forecast. Forecasts of between 4 and 7 days can ...
Summer Storms8/18/2009
  Q: I live in Ithaca, NY. It seems that the big thunderstorms occur usually between 4:30 and 6:00 pm. Is ...
  A: Generally speaking, without being associated with a cold front, convective weather is most likely ...
Electrical flash8/15/2009
  Q: Last night, a friend and I were driving back to my house from hers. We were on the highway just ...
  A: Most likely you saw a flash of green light from the short circuit and resulting melting of a copper ...
tropics7/31/2009
  Q: But so far this year there's been a lot of dust and wind sheer all thru the tropics. Do you see or ...
  A: The wind shear: http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/tropic/real-time/atlantic/winds/wg8sht.GIF seems to be ...
precipitation pattern on eastern seaboard7/30/2009
  Q: Does the East Coast of the United States get a lot of rainfall in the autumn? Ot does that happen ...
  A: The short answers are yes and yes. The fuller answer is: "Rain soaked" and "day" indicate more than ...
Tornado outbreaks as patterned events7/27/2009
  Q: Forgive my use of a mathematical term like cardioid in this discussion but it is interesting that ...
  A: I think, maybe, that your best bet is to try posting your theory here: ...
Tornado outbreaks as patterned events7/27/2009
  Q: Forgive my use of a mathematical term like cardioid in this discussion but it is interesting that ...
  A: I think that frontal squall lines and meso thunder storm complexes are not periodic and therefor ...
Tornado outbreaks as patterned events7/27/2009
  Q: Forgive my use of a mathematical term like cardioid in this discussion but it is interesting that ...
  A: After a further review of the word "cardoid" I find that you are correct in your usage. I see: ...
Air pressure and health7/27/2009
  Q: I have a question/comment for you about a posting I found by you that asked for comments on air ...
  A: My answer to that 4/18/07 question was: ...
Tornado outbreaks as patterned events!7/27/2009
  Q: I hope that you are up for this as this inquery is the result of thirty-three years of research. I ...
  A: There is no way that my opinion can compete with your 33 years of research. My general comment is ...
Cruise Trip weather7/25/2009
  Q: Rosenfeld, I am considering a cruise from Los Angeles to Hawaii. We will be at sea for 4 days ...
  A: The ocean temperatures remain high so the weather is warm in Hawaii even in January. The storm track ...
High and Low Pressure Systems7/23/2009
  Q: I am a JROTC Instructor and I am teaching a block on weather. I have been trying to untangle the ...
  A: Generally speaking the right sector of a low pressure has warmer air then the left side. Take a look ...
VIL and hail index7/23/2009
  Q: I was trying to find errors associated with both of them that could lead to inaccurate measurement ...
  A: Glad you said you'd accept "any input" in that severe weather research is not an area that I have ...
multiple questions7/19/2009
  Q: in the northern hemisphere, it is stated that if you have your back to the wind, then a low pressure ...
  A: **** = interspersed With regards to lows in the northern hemisphere would it subsequently follow ...
Highs & Lows7/18/2009
  Q: in the northern hemisphere, it is stated that if you have your back to the wind, then a low pressure ...
  A: A very good question! I think, for the moment, that my best answer would be: If the wind to your ...
lightning strike?7/16/2009
  Q: We have a cupola on top of our house and would like to add a weather vane. Would this potentiate a ...
  A: I'm not an expert at lightning protection. With that said, any thing sticking up from a roof can ...
science and health7/13/2009
  Q: whwt is the cause of a weather like sunny, rainy, cloudy,and windy?
  A: Lets take them one at a time: Sunny weather is associated with fair weather which is associated ...
Lightning7/12/2009
  Q: The other day I was watching lightning. Some of the strikes had only one flash of light, while ...
  A: Multiple bolts using the same path is not uncommon, it is caused by the first bolt creating a path ...
New Zealand weather in February7/9/2009
  Q: What is the likelihood in February of the weather being clear enough to see the mountains framing ...
  A: Take a look at: http://www.bestplaces.net/climate/city_for.aspx?cty=NZ pick the closest city and ...
weather 7/18/09 southern nh7/7/2009
  Q: I am getting married on July 18, 2009 in seacoast nh, the portsmouth area, any idea what the weather ...
  A: The date is too far in the future for an accurate forecast. Forecasts of between 4 and 7 days can ...
High / Low Temperature, time of....7/2/2009
  Q: On most forecasts, it shows the high temp forecast followed by the low temp forecast for a ...
  A: A forecaster's forecast may be for up to midnight or some other time period. However, in ...
wind speed averages6/30/2009
  Q: What is the yearly average wind speed at both Hanscom Air Force base and Bedford, Massachusetts
  A: Hanscom and Bedford should have about the same wind speeds except that Hanscom is more open because ...
Vocabulary6/29/2009
  Q: I have heard of a large rolling cloud of dust as in Arizona. I believe it has been call a "haboom", ...
  A: See if these links help: http://en.allexperts.com/q/Meteorology-Weather-668/Weather-issue.htm ...
wind pressure6/29/2009
  Q: if the wind aloft is blowing parallel to curved isobars, with the horizontal pressure gradient force ...
  A: It would depend upon whether whether the "curved" isobars were curved as part of a cyclone or an ...
wind pressure6/29/2009
  Q: If the earth were not rotating, how would the wind blow with respect to centers of high and low ...
  A: The winds would blow from the north or south and there wouldn't be organized low or high presure ...
weather condition6/27/2009
  Q: I am having a luau 50th birthday party on July 18th, 2009 in Dunkirk, NY and was wondering if you ...
  A: The date is too far in the future for an accurate forecast. Forecasts of between 4 and 7 days can ...
Upside down tornadoes6/26/2009
  Q: What is the technical term for an upside down tornado?
  A: There is no such thing as an upside down tornado and, therefore, there is no name for such a thing. ...
Barometric Pressure6/22/2009
  Q: I am wondering if there is a connection b/t giving birth and drops in barometric pressure. Sounds ...
  A: I don't believe that there would be unless the atmospheric pressure was extreme which it wasn't June ...
Summer in NYC6/22/2009
  Q: It is know NYC is very hot and humid in the Summer. Can you please tell me what is your forecast ...
  A: I think it will be a little below average temperature wise but wetter than normal. Below is my ...
Weather Phenomenon6/19/2009
  Q: Rosenfeld. I have lived in a rural area of East Central Minnesota for 6 years and continually ...
  A: My guess would be a topographic effect that is preventing you from getting convective weather ...
atmospheric attenuation6/16/2009
  Q: What is the best forecast metric to follow to gage atmospheric attenuation due to moisture? Thanks. ...
  A: The part of the observation that is visibility. http://www.theweatherprediction.com/habyhints/276/ ...
Wedding weather6/15/2009
  Q: Can you please tell me what the weather in Ohio was on October 3, 2008. We are having a wedding ...
  A: The date is too far in the future for an accurate forecast. Forecasts of between 4 and 7 days can ...
Ocean Temperatures and El-Nino / La-Nina6/12/2009
  Q: Hey Donald. My question is, What is the average ocean temperature for both Pacific and Atlantic. And ...
  A: By month, see: http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/dsdt/sst_ani.htm For El Nino & LaNina, see: ...
Dramatic pressure change and A/C6/12/2009
  Q: Last night in the Dallas Area we had extreme weather and possibly even a tornado. We operate a data ...
  A: I believe that the ac system has an outside temp sensor that feeds temp info to the microprocessor ...
Dramatic pressure change and A/C6/12/2009
  Q: Last night in the Dallas Area we had extreme weather and possibly even a tornado. We operate a data ...
  A: I see the 16 degree temperature drop at the airport which looks like it was associated with a ...
WEATHER PATTERNS6/10/2009
  Q: I have a question about the weather patterns in my area - Valmeyer, IL 62295. We have had a very, ...
  A: The jet stream: http://www.weatheranswer.com/public/Jet_Stream_by_Krista_Feierabend%20.pdf ...
Storm Spotter6/8/2009
  Q: Hey Donald, I was wanting to become a storm spotter. I have already been to the NWS home page and ...
  A: These should help: http://espotter.weather.gov/ w-ind.webmaster@noaa.gov ...
Storm Spotter6/8/2009
  Q: Hey Donald, I was wanting to become a storm spotter. I have already been to the NWS home page and ...
  A: I think the local NWS offices have their own regulations about what criteria is to be used to ...
Weather6/6/2009
  Q: I'm having a BBQ on July 20th. What will the weather be like? thanks, Bernie
  A: The date is too far in the future for an accurate forecast. Forecasts of between 4 and 7 days can ...
Cloud base heights6/4/2009
  Q: I have been tracking data from the nearest weather station and calculating cloud base heights using ...
  A: A very good question! There are other variables such as the amount of mixing and stability of the ...
rare storms6/2/2009
  Q: I recently saw a derecho hit in the US. I was wondering what other rare storms were out there that I ...
  A: A derecho is a meso scale phenomena associated with convective weather, as you know. In answer to ...
June 13th, 20096/1/2009
  Q: This is 11 days away... I am wondering what the weather will be like in Chicago, IL
  A: The date is too far in the future for an accurate forecast. Forecasts of between 4 and 7 days can ...
follow the cloud5/31/2009
  Q: I would like to know what would happen if you try to follow a cloud around. Where would you end up? ...
  A: A good question; clouds are actually local phenomena in that they form, exist for a short while and ...
weather5/30/2009
  Q: I'm getting married June 5,2010. I'm having an outdoor wedding and was wondering if I'm going to ...
  A: The date is too far in the future for an accurate forecast. Forecasts of between 4 and 7 days can ...
Calculating Rainfall5/27/2009
  Q: I have just collected 2 Cups of rainfall in a liquid measuring cup after a rainy afternoon and ...
  A: The way I would do it, pour the rain back into the two cups. If the cups have straight sides, just ...
hail5/25/2009
  Q: my name is Grace, I live in Albuquerque NM. Yesterday May 24 it rained and hailed. the hail was ...
  A: In that: http://www.spc.noaa.gov/climo/reports/090524_rpts.html does not indicate any tornadic ...
Rain5/22/2009
  Q: How high does a cloud have to be for it to rain, and what temprature does the cloud have to be for ...
  A: Rain being defined as moisture condensed into drops falling can be from clouds as low as 50 feet ...
Air pressure systems5/18/2009
  Q: Why don't pressure systems stay in one place very long?
  A: The upper air winds move them along; if the upper air winds are weak it can mean very slow motion. ...
Weather on 30th June? UK5/18/2009
  Q: We're having a fundraiser on 30th June 2009, and most of the activities are taking place outside, ...
  A: The date is too far in the future for an accurate forecast. Forecasts of between 4 and 7 days can ...
Low Barometric Pressure5/14/2009
  Q: Sudden drops in Barometric Pressure can cause me to collapse. How low can air pressure drop? Less ...
  A: Normal sea level pressure is about 1015 hectopascals. A normal storm would be about 1005 hPa, a ...
tornado5/9/2009
  Q: Does the height of thunderstorm cell development have any relation to will the storm spawn a ...
  A: There is a correlation of the height of the cumulonimbus cloud to the occurrence of a tornado. In ...
WEATHER CYCLES5/7/2009
  Q: I live in VALMEYER, IL 62295. All through April and now May, it seems that it has been raining ...
  A: The jet stream has been bringing convective areas of showers and thunderstorms through your area ...
Frontal Boundaries5/7/2009
  Q: My son is working on a weather project for school. Pls tell us what frontal boundaries are depicted ...
  A: Triangles = cold front Semi circles = warm front semi circles on one side with triangles on the ...
Weather - High & low pressure systems5/7/2009
  Q: I have severe physical reactions to the constantly changing weather, particularly the low pressure ...
  A: Montana, North Dakota & Minnesota have the greatest frequency of high pressure away from significant ...
June 6th 2009 weather5/3/2009
  Q: What will the weather be like for June 6th 2009 in the citys of Vicksburg Ms 39180 and Bovina Ms ...
  A: The date is too far in the future for an accurate forecast. Forecasts of between 4 and 7 days can ...
Barometric Pressure5/2/2009
  Q: I was just wondering: is there a relationship between barometric pressure and temperature? Are ...
  A: Temperature is a factor in the weight of the atmosphere, one of many; take a look at: ...
clouds & rain5/1/2009
  Q: Are the clouds (only the ones which make rain) stired up by winds? sincerely
  A: Yes Take a look at: ...
Nitrogen4/30/2009
  Q: what does the nitrogen in our atmosphere come from?
  A: Soil bacteria converts nitrates in the soil to gas by a process called Denitrification. The gas then ...
10/3/09 Wedding and i need a weather prediction.4/29/2009
  Q: Please let me know what you think the weather will be for October 3rd 2009, I am having an outdoor ...
  A: The date is too far in the future for an accurate forecast. Forecasts of between 4 and 7 days can ...
Low barometric pressure and headaches4/26/2009
  Q: I suffer from headaches due to low barometric pressure. Which is unfortunate because I live in ...
  A: Generally speaking: high pressure = 30.20 and higher normal pressure = 30.20 down to 29.80 low ...
Weather Question4/21/2009
  Q: I would be very grateful for some help please. I have been given a question which reads. There is an ...
  A: On what timescale does this fluctuation occur and what causes it? ...
Birthday June 26th 20094/20/2009
  Q: I am traumatized with weather! I was so happy with my babyshower, planned ahead and had everything ...
  A: Late June is usually ok in Florida so I think you'll be fine. However, the date is too far in the ...
water temp.4/18/2009
  Q: if the air temp is around 60 what do you think the water temp. is going to be?
  A: Water temperature is impacted by many variables, air temperature is only one. Others include: ...
dew point in the sahara4/16/2009
  Q: I often browse weather conditions here and there, and have noticed that it can be very hot and at ...
  A: The dewpoint is the temperature at which the air temperature would have to fall to which would allow ...
weather4/15/2009
  Q: I'm going to be graduating in May and hoping the weather will be beautiful. What will the weather ...
  A: The date is too far in the future for an accurate forecast. Forecasts of between 4 and 7 days can ...
meteorology4/14/2009
  Q: I plan on doing meteorology when I get older and I have information about pretty much everything but ...
  A: The jobs typically are with the Federal government or tv stations, fewer are with private weather ...
el nino4/8/2009
  Q: can you briefly explain to me what the el nino is?
  A: An el nino is a change of temperature in part of the Pacific Ocean that leads to a seasonal ...
presssure4/7/2009
  Q: tell me about barometrict pressure
  A: Put simply, barometric pressure is the weight of the column of air above a barometer. A barometer is ...
aneroid barometer4/6/2009
  Q: can you describe in a simple answer of how an aneroid barometer works?
  A: An aneroid barometer is a chamber made of thin metal that has had the air in side removed almost to ...
Least severe weather?4/5/2009
  Q: My husband and I will be relocating soon, and I absolutely cannot tolerate living in places with ...
  A: Severe weather, thunderstorms, hail & tornadoes are less likely on the Pacific coast. Take a look ...
EchoTops4/5/2009
  Q: Hey Donald, I was wondering is a Echo top at around 30,000ft a severe thunderstorm? Or how high do ...
  A: I have seen a funnel from a cumulus congestus cloud with a top at 7,000 +/- feet. With that said, ...
weather effecting the lights4/3/2009
  Q: On a very cold clear winter night, every light that we could see, such as porch lights, street ...
  A: It was probably some sort of fog or ice crystals that acted as an optical ducting mechanism. Take a ...
Wind and Tempature4/2/2009
  Q: Does wind effect temperature? ANSWER: Hi Ariel Depends upon how you mean "effect". If the air ...
  A: You could take a person or two and place a large fan blowing in their direction with their shirt(s) ...
Winds4/1/2009
  Q: I would be grateful for some help please. I have 2 questions: 1) If the rotation of the earth ...
  A: The following links should give you a clear picture of what's happening: ...
Weather for June 6, 20094/1/2009
  Q: I know June is two months away, but can you give me any predictions for June 6, 2009 weather?
  A: The date is too far in the future for an accurate forecast. Forecasts of between 4 and 7 days can ...
weather related migraines3/31/2009
  Q: I thought I had figured out why I get migraines. It seems that when a front moves in, I get a ...
  A: The weight of air, by varying, does cause changes in our sinuses which probably is causing your ...
Wind and Tempature3/30/2009
  Q: Does wind effect temperature?
  A: Depends upon how you mean "effect". If the air temperature is 50 degrees Fahrenheit and the wind ...
El-Nino And La-Nina3/28/2009
  Q: Hey there I was just wondering how does a forecaster forecast if there will be a possible El-nino or ...
  A: The link (url): http://sealevel.jpl.nasa.gov/science/jason1-quick-look/index.html shows: "These ...
weather may 2, 2009 new york city3/24/2009
  Q: do you know ow might be the weather in new york at 2nd of may 2009
  A: The date is too far in the future for an accurate forecast. Forecasts of between 4 and 7 days can ...
weather forcast3/23/2009
  Q: I am planning a trip to Lake Okoboji Iowa and am wondering what the weather will be like on May 19th ...
  A: The date is too far in the future for an accurate forecast. Forecasts of between 4 and 7 days can ...
April 5, 20093/21/2009
  Q: I am having a birthday party outdoors in West Covina, California and would like to know what the ...
  A: The date is too far in the future for an accurate forecast. Forecasts of between 4 and 7 days can ...
Future Weather3/13/2009
  Q: What will be the weather forecast in Chicago, IL for June 20, 2009 & June 27, 2009?
  A: The date is too far in the future for an accurate forecast. Forecasts of between 4 and 7 days can ...
Frontal boundaries3/10/2009
  Q: How do you determine which way a frontal boundary is advancing
  A: Fronts move in the direction the wind is pushing them. So, if you look at a weather map: ...
Tornadoes and forecasting3/10/2009
  Q:
  A: They use special maps: http://www.weathermichigan.com/risk_air_index.htm and they use atmosphere ...
Forecasting Hail3/9/2009
  Q: Hey Donald. I'M back with another question. Could you give me an idea on how and what kind of maps ...
  A: Here is a map that will save you time: http://www.usairnet.com/weather/maps/forecast/hail/ If you ...
weather in Oct 20093/9/2009
  Q: i know it's a far way's off, but i'm getting married outdoors October 3 in Kingston, NY. can you ...
  A: The date is too far in the future for an accurate forecast. Forecasts of between 4 and 7 days can ...
Water Spouts3/7/2009
  Q: Rosenfeld, My 6 year old daughter and I have a fascination with extreme whether. While learning ...
  A: Good questions! A waterspout ...
jamaican weather3/5/2009
  Q: I know weather forecast more than 7 days is unreliable but looking at past history can you give me a ...
  A: The date is too far in the future for an accurate forecast. Forecasts of between 4 and 7 days can ...
Temperature inversions3/2/2009
  Q: Why are inversions more common on winter nights than on summer ones?
  A: I'm not sure that the statement is true, especially for all areas. Also, winter months are a longer ...
Weather On June 25th 2009 in jerome Idaho3/2/2009
  Q: Could you tell me what the weather should be like on June 25th 2009 in Jerome Idaho
  A: The date is too far in the future for an accurate forecast. Forecasts of between 4 and 7 days can ...
Temperature forecasting2/25/2009
  Q: Hey Donald I was e-mailing my local meteorologist about temperature forecasting on how to get better ...
  A: Here is the 850 millibar chart which Meteorologists use to see the temperature at around 5000 feet. ...
convections2/24/2009
  Q: I am currently translating a documentary (EN to French) on satellites and there's a part on ...
  A: With respect to Meteorology, convection refers to vertical air movements caused by the heating of ...
Math Vs. Meteorology2/22/2009
  Q: How do you feel is the best way to explain to students that math and meteorology have to work ...
  A: You can talk about how math is important to expressing distance, time, height, velocity and ...
Weather warnings2/19/2009
  Q: What factors go in to deciding wether to call a state of emergecny during the winter?
  A: Another good question! A "State of Emergency" is put into effect by either the State or Federal ...
Lake Effect Snow2/19/2009
  Q: What kinds of problems can develop if we get at least half a foot or more + lake effect?Sorry if it ...
  A: Whether it be lake effect snow or any kind of snow, both have weight and slipperiness associated ...
Car stuck in snow.2/19/2009
  Q: How much snow needs to be on the roads for a car to get stuck?Sorry,this sounds like a goofy ...
  A: A car can get stuck in ANY amount of snow. Some of the variables are the type of tires, the amount ...
Weather maps2/17/2009
  Q: I have another question for you Donald! I have my own weather blog and have had it for almost a ...
  A: Well, you could use the maps at: http://www.weatherknowledge.com/weather_forecasting_aids.html but ...
wind / force / pressure formulas2/16/2009
  Q: If I have a flat plate 2 1/4 ft wide x 8 ft long and it is at 45 degrees how much pressure in sq ...
  A: I've been asked this question twice before; see if either of these two prior answers help you: ...
weather2/16/2009
  Q: What will the weather be like on February 28 2009
  A: The date is too far in the future for an accurate forecast. Forecasts of between 4 and 7 days can ...
One of my favorite things2/13/2009
  Q: Rosenfeld, I'm a 34 year old mother of 2, in school for medical coding, and happen to have a big ...
  A: Alpine Glow is a phenomena of long frequency light creating an afterglow of pink before and ...
Rain gauge2/11/2009
  Q: Hey there again Donald. I need your help. I have both a rain gauge and a digital rain gauge. My ...
  A: In general, I believe in a non-digital gauge because there are no electronics that can go bad. ...
October 3, 20092/11/2009
  Q: Can you please tell me what the weather looks to be like on this day. And what will the moon be ...
  A: The date is too far in the future for an accurate forecast. Forecasts of between 4 and 7 days can ...
High/Low Temperatures in Weather Forecasts2/10/2009
  Q: Often, I see a day (say three days from now) with a Low Temperature forecasted of say 50 degrees, ...
  A: You are correct that I read your constructs incorrectly. Let me try again with your question as ...
High/Low Temperatures in Weather Forecasts2/10/2009
  Q: Often, I see a day (say three days from now) with a Low Temperature forecasted of say 50 degrees, ...
  A: A very good question! The way it works is that the forecasting period is for each 24 hour period- ...
Tornadoes2/9/2009
  Q: Hey Donald I know Tornadoes are not really able to be forecasted but is there any kind of weather ...
  A: Take a look at: http://www.spc.ncep.noaa.gov/exper/mesoanalysis/ http://kamala.cod.edu/SPC/ ...
Sinus headaches & atmospheric pressure.2/8/2009
  Q: Although it was somewhat helpful, I've done all the research and still haven't received any real ...
  A: You're welcome. Most likely it is the amount of change vs the time to change. If it were simply the ...
Temperature2/3/2009
  Q: Has the temperature ever been higher at night than during the day?
  A: Many times! Frequently if a warm front comes through late in the evening, then the late night temps ...
air pressure and health2/2/2009
  Q: Today we have alot of snow. I have noticed my arthritis feels much better today. Can there be a link ...
  A: I think some people are affected by changes in atmospheric pressure because the joints with pouches ...
unusual clouds2/1/2009
  Q: I have searched loads of websites to find out what it is called without success. I am attaching one ...
  A: Looks like low Lenticularis clouds: http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap090203.html ...
weather1/28/2009
  Q: Me and my fiance are getting married on April 18th of this year. I was wondering if you can tell me ...
  A: The date is too far in the future for an accurate forecast. Forecasts of between 4 and 7 days can ...
Barometer1/27/2009
  Q: my name is Emily and I am in 5th grade at Akron Elementary School. I am doing extra credit and it ...
  A: The numbers 31 and 28 indicates the weight of the atmosphere over the barometer's location in inches ...
Models and forecasting1/24/2009
  Q: Hey Donald I seen you are a long time forecaster and wanted to know if you could help me a bit? I'M ...
  A: A computer model I like to use is called the emcwf: ...
METEOROLOGY1/22/2009
  Q: WHY IS IT THAT SOME TV WEATHER FORECASTERS WILL SAY THAT IT IS MINUS X DEGREES BELOW 0 AND OTHERS ...
  A: The correct way is to say it is "it is 10 degrees below zero". However, many will say "it is minus ...
We want to see snow!!!1/22/2009
  Q: My family and I live in North Florida and would like to spend a weekend enjoying the snow. We don't ...
  A: The date is too far in the future for an accurate forecast. Forecasts of between 4 and 7 days can ...
Different temperature in different altitudes (more detailed than just the average lapse rate).1/20/2009
  Q: I would like to know 3 things: 1. I'm interested in the different temperatures at variyng altitudes. ...
  A: 1. Is there a certain level in the atmoshere at which the hotter air is still on top of the colder?: ...
Global Warming1/17/2009
  Q: In your expert opinion, what effect does melting ice cover (in Greenland,Arctic etc.) have on ...
  A: My opinion is that it shows that there has been above average warmth in that area for the last ...
severe weather1/17/2009
  Q: I live in ithaca,ny.Last spring/summer we had some bad storms and some tornado warnings.I dread this ...
  A: The date is too far in the future for an accurate forecast. Forecasts of between 4 and 7 days can ...
Severe carribean1/11/2009
  Q: Im planning a trip to Puerto Rico and i was wondering can they get severe t storms like we get here ...
  A: Puerto Rico does get severe thunderstorms; however, tornadoes only occur about one per year: ...
Pacific Ocean Weather1/10/2009
  Q: Taking a cross Pacific Ocean Cruise 17 days in the month of March 2009 fro L.A/ to Hong Kong with ...
  A: The date is too far in the future for an accurate forecast. Forecasts of between 4 and 7 days can ...
wet cold and dry cold1/8/2009
  Q: Why is it that in wetter climates the cold feels more "bitter" than in dryer climates. Even in dryer ...
  A: This may be what you are referring to: ...
weather1/3/2009
  Q: What do you call a severe storm at sea during which spray and precipitation freeze onto the decks ...
  A: Meteorologists call a severe winter storm at sea a major cyclone. If the temperature is below ...
Lines across atlantic12/18/2008
  Q: Could you explain these lines across the atlantic in these images? These images are from 12-16-2008 ...
  A: It looks to be satellite images from the northern & southern hemisphere stitched together for a ...
ice12/15/2008
  Q: What are the ramifications of one tenth of an inch of ice on roads, trees, etc.
  A: Any ice on unsalted/sanded roads is an extreme hazard. As to 1/10th on trees, if a tree is weak or ...
cold air mass movement - more longitudinal12/13/2008
  Q: I'm trying to appreciate what the standard meteorological reasoning is, as to just why cold air mass ...
  A: Pretty much all cold air masses (high pressure areas (anti-cyclones)) in the northern hemisphere ...
Large ring in the sky around the moon12/11/2008
  Q: Last night I observed a large reflection/refraction around the moon. I've seen small rings before ...
  A: Nice photo! Looks to be a "double halo"! As I look at the left side of the photo, the larger ...
cold air at night12/7/2008
  Q: When the night air is still and the sky is clear, temperature drops are increased, especially in ...
  A: It is called "radiational cooling". Here is some more info: ...
what is dew point?12/2/2008
  Q: What is the definition of and a few examples of "dew point".
  A: The dewpoint is the air temperature that dew would form at. So, if the temperature of the air was 70 ...
is it too cold to snoq12/1/2008
  Q: Can you please explain at what temperature the snow will fall. Can it snow on temperature below -10 ...
  A: It is never to cold to snow but at temperatures way below zero the snow may be just very fine ice ...
Hurricanes and thunderstorms11/23/2008
  Q: Is there thunder&lighting when a Hurricane makes landfall
  A: All hurricanes have thunder and lightning over the ocean and on land. The reason is that the ...
Lightening11/22/2008
  Q: On a stromy wheather where lightening and thunder showers are occuring, which is the safe ...
  A: In your car (hard top) because lightning seeks a ground and the tires of a car are made out of ...
Tornado structure and development11/18/2008
  Q: Hey, I was researching the tornado that was in Southeastern NY on June 16, 2008. Basically several ...
  A: Well, looking at the radar it looked to be a very active squall line with out any need of any extra ...
Question from the TV show CSI11/16/2008
  Q: Mr. Rosenfeld. My name is Jon and I'm a researcher for the CBS television show CSI: Crime Scene ...
  A: Smoke not rising indicates an inversion: ...
where does lightning come from?11/15/2008
  Q: where does lightning come from? is it from the ground or from the sky? this has been an on going ...
  A: Lightning comes from BOTH the cloud to ground and from the ground to cloud. There is also lightning ...
Dew point11/13/2008
  Q: Hey Donald I think I got this right this time! :-) How do you forecast Dew point?
  A: One way is to use the model output such as: ...
Fog forecasting11/13/2008
  Q: Hey there Donald, I know Dew point is used for many things and it is used for forecasting Fog... But ...
  A: The fog probability is increased if the air temperature falls to the dewpoint but is not required in ...
cloud identification11/12/2008
  Q: Saw an interesting cloud the other evening and would like to know what kind it is. I am attaching ...
  A: It looks to me to be a line of dying cumulonimbus clouds with anvil tops. Here's more info: ...
tornadoes11/11/2008
  Q: what will happen when a tornado crosses the equator from north to south? Will it continue rotation, ...
  A: My guess that a formed tornado would have such built up rotational force that the wind rotation ...
Not sure if this is going to sound Dumb...11/9/2008
  Q: Me and my sister where outside when we noticed this very large fog like circle around the moon. ...
  A: Sounds like a halo around the moon. A halo is caused by the moon light passing through the cirrus ...
Heat lightning11/8/2008
  Q: hi is there such a thing as heat lightning??
  A: There is "heat lightning". Basically, it is a misnomer describing lightning that you see as a ...
Rain to snow11/8/2008
  Q: Hey Donald, I keep coming to you because you have good answers.....I'M trying to forecast snow! So ...
  A: A half an inch of rain equals about 5 inches of snow. A tenth of an inch of rain would equal 1 inch ...
Frozen dew11/7/2008
  Q: When dew is frozen what is it called ?
  A: Frozen dew or black ice. Frost is sometimes used but actually forms through a different process. ...
Best weather conditions for woodstove fire11/6/2008
  Q: In order for our wood smoke not to fall to the ground,what weather conditions should I be mindful ...
  A: Higher pressure, stationary fronts and under 5 mph all can contribute to smog conditions, pollution ...
Seasons11/5/2008
  Q: I would like to know what causes seasons like summer, winter etc. Regards
  A: Seasons are determined by closeness to the sun which is a result of the sun angle in relation to a ...
Best weather conditions for woodstove fire11/5/2008
  Q: In order for our wood smoke not to fall to the ground,what weather conditions should I be mindful ...
  A: Days with calm or very light winds will allow smoke from your fireplace to become a problem for you. ...
Thickness chart temperature forecasting11/3/2008
  Q: Donald, Do you know how to forecast temperature's using (Thickness charts) and if so could you ...
  A: A very good question! A thickness chart is a weather chart that shows the thickness in height ...
Lightning - crackling noise10/31/2008
  Q: Last night we had a thunderstorm overhead and, at its closest, the interval between lightning and ...
  A: The extremely short interval between the lightning and the thunder meant that the lightning ...
Precipitation10/28/2008
  Q: How is sleet and freezing rain measured? Would it be the same as measuring rain with a rain gauge?
  A: Sleet is measured the same way as snow is measured; see: ...
Will this work??10/24/2008
  Q: Hey Donald, I have a question. Will this online class for meteorology work or will I still have to ...
  A: Based on the limited info about the content of the courses I would guess that this "class" is about ...
Hurricanes10/23/2008
  Q: Are hurricanes influenced by global warming or is it influenced by the sun and moon? How can I find ...
  A: There is year to year and many year cycles of hurricane patterns regards to frequency and paths. The ...
stable wind and warm weather regions in us10/23/2008
  Q: I would like to move to a warmer state, but seriously need to know what area of the u.s. is the ...
  A: Here is a map of annual wind speed for the US: ...
radon10/22/2008
  Q: I am an Atlanta Real Estate agent. A radon test is currently being run in a house my client will be ...
  A: You're welcome & thanks for the good rating! Normal sea level pressure is 29.92. The readings in ...
radon10/22/2008
  Q: I am an Atlanta Real Estate agent. A radon test is currently being run in a house my client will be ...
  A: Barometric pressure is a measure of the weight of the atmosphere. Since radon gas is try to come up ...
Free air freezing level10/21/2008
  Q: I have heard the term "friata" (sp.?) freezing level on NOAA radio. Is this an acronym, the same as ...
  A: It rings a bell but I'm unable to identify it. Take a look at these two lists and see if you find ...
Greenland atmospheric pressure10/20/2008
  Q: Donald On the synoptic charts of the North Atlantic I've noticed a regular anomaly in the pattern of ...
  A: The "Greenland High" along with "Katabatic" winds are responsible. The high pressure is inland and ...
Wind and Humidity10/17/2008
  Q: I'm in middle school and have the following question. Can you feel humidity more when it's windy or ...
  A: A very good question! When it's windy a person feels the humidity less. The reason is that wind ...
Pacific Ocean10/15/2008
  Q: We are crossing the Pacific from San Diego to Hawaii this Nov. 7 - 22. 4 days crossing each way. ...
  A: Looking at the sea surface temps now: http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/data/FS_km50f300.gif ...
Barometric pressure10/14/2008
  Q: I just purchased a Highberr watch/barometer/altimeter. I need to set the barometer so the altimeter ...
  A: If the watch shows 1013 and it's not 10:13 am or pm then it would be 1013 millibars. Most altimeter ...
To calibrat A PRH gauge10/11/2008
  Q: I would like to know how to properly calibrate my percent relative humidity Indicator.
  A: If you mean mechanically I'd need to know the manufacturer and model number. If you mean where to ...
wedding10/6/2008
  Q: I am planning to get married on the beach in Sunny Isles, Florida and would like to know which would ...
  A: The date is too far in the future for an accurate forecast. Forecasts of between 4 and 7 days can ...
future weather forcast10/6/2008
  Q: Getting married in may 2009 (24th or 30th. Traveling to vermilion,Ohio for the ceremony,that will be ...
  A: The date is too far in the future for an accurate forecast. At this point I would say that both ...
Storms10/2/2008
  Q: Is there a general direction in which storms come from, and why?
  A: Excluding local storms like thunderstorms, fifty or so percent of large scale low pressure areas ...
metorology9/29/2008
  Q: I am 12 and I want to be a meteorologist. What do I have to do like go to collage or what to be one. ...
  A: Some storm chasers are meteorologists, maybe 30 or so percent. The rest are amateur meteorologists ...
Waves and sea state9/27/2008
  Q: Where can I find figures about the sea state and waves and wind, including statistics, in the Gulf ...
  A: See if any of these help: http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/maps/WestGulf.shtml ...
metorology9/27/2008
  Q: I am 12 and I want to be a meteorologist. What do I have to do like go to collage or what to be one. ...
  A: Well, if you want to be a weather forecaster or a research meteorologist you would need to go to ...
reddish brown dust9/22/2008
  Q: Last October I started seeing a reddish brown dust everywhere especially on the trees. It only goes ...
  A: My guess is red soil drying out and being blown some distance from a farm; or, red ash from a ...
cruising to hawaii Sept 24, 20089/21/2008
  Q: We are leaving this friday to cruise to hawaii from san diego. Can you tell me average sea day ...
  A: The sea surface temps for Hawaii this week are around 27 degrees Celsius: ...
Blank Weather Charts9/20/2008
  Q: I am looking for CONUS Plotting charts so I can plot upper-air obs. Also looking for Skew-T diagrams ...
  A: The internet has made printed blank weather maps a thing of the past. However, see if these links ...
Rainfall in IL9/19/2008
  Q: I have been searching the internet endlessly and cannot find the following answer to theAbout how ...
  A: The 13th: 2.82" ...
hurricanes9/12/2008
  Q: do hurricanes strengthen or down grade when they make landfall?
  A: Typically they decrease in intensity for two reasons, the hilliness of land compared to ocean ...
Clouds9/10/2008
  Q: Why don't clouds disperse into the sky, but instead stay within a clear boundary. I would expect ...
  A: A very good question! The formation of a cloud is due to a vertical updraft with cooling of the ...
rainfall measurement9/8/2008
  Q: Can you please explain how total rainfall is calculated in inches? I always believed you just had ...
  A: Different containers are used but with straight side containers you can use just a ruler to get an ...
clouds9/1/2008
  Q: Why do clouds have flat bottoms?
  A: There is moisture in the form of water vapor in the air; when water vapor condenses into water ...
Weather on 10.5.089/1/2008
  Q: My wedding is Oct 5, 2008 in New Rochelle NY. What will the weather be? Please advise. Thank you.
  A: The date is too far in the future for an accurate forecast. Forecasts of between 4 and 7 days can ...
mexico8/30/2008
  Q: we r going to cancun on the 8th of sept for 2 wks, can u tell me if there are any reports on ...
  A: The Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico have become active with respect to hurricanes. That said, the mean ...
tropical storms / hurricanes8/29/2008
  Q: Recently, 'Fay' moved from land to ocean several times. If storms pick up moisture and energy while ...
  A: All rain drops have a nuclei that the water vapor condenses on. Rain from the ocean has a greater ...
Meteorology8/27/2008
  Q: I am leaving for Cuba soon and I am worried that due to hurricane Gustav I will not see any sun for ...
  A: It looks like Gustava will be near Havana on the 30th so flights may be cancelled. From the 31st on ...
altitude8/25/2008
  Q: why is it colder at high altitudes?
  A: As you go higher the molecular action of colliding molecules decreases as the air thins out ...
MOON PHASES8/25/2008
  Q: My son is in the 4th grade, and for his science fair project he is looking at the phases of the moon ...
  A: Personally, I do not believe phases of the moon have any impact on the weather. But, here are some ...
jason banjo barometer, Hydrometer8/21/2008
  Q: I just moved and the house we bought has this Jason Barometer, hydrometer. it doesn't seem to be ...
  A: First, it's not a bother! The association with the wording on a barometer and the actual weather is ...
SO CLOUDY 28/21/2008
  Q: I was wondering would you please tell me: does lighting come with thunder? Thanks ANSWER: Hi ...
  A: Lightning is an equalization of electrical charges of different polarity; i.e., a cloud may have a ...
30% Chance of Rain8/18/2008
  Q: I know you provided an explanation of this, but I want to verify. In layman terms. I was informed by ...
  A: Here's the deal on this: To me, a "40% chance of precipitation" means the following: 1. If you are ...
cold fronts8/15/2008
  Q: What is the definition of a "cold front"?
  A: A cold front is the dividing line between a colder air mass and a less cold air mass. A front is ...
furrow clouds mackarel sky8/14/2008
  Q: Can you advise how this cloud formation relates to Queensland Australia. The site you refer to ...
  A: Mackerel sky refers to altocumulus clouds that orients into "streets". It is a precursor cloud to ...
WX Trends8/10/2008
  Q: It seems to me that this has been an exceptionally cool summer for this part of the country ...
  A: Here's how the weather bureau in Taunton MA describes it: Excerpts from: FXUS61 KBOX 100220 AFDBOX ...
light rays in east during sunset!8/8/2008
  Q: The sun was setting in the west & there were light rays emanating from the mountains in the east. ...
  A: Looking at your photo I was sure that the sun was behind those mountains and that the sun was ...
WX Trends8/8/2008
  Q: It seems to me that this has been an exceptionally cool summer for this part of the country ...
  A: You are correct that parts of the east coast have been cooler than normal. The cause has been a pool ...
light rays in east during sunset!8/7/2008
  Q: The sun was setting in the west & there were light rays emanating from the mountains in the east. ...
  A: Your photo: http://www.playzar.com/panos/EastRays9sm.jpg shows Crepuscular rays! Here's more info ...
Meteorology8/6/2008
  Q: What are the main advantages of an infrared satellite image versus a visible satellite image for ...
  A: A very good question! Infrared gives a meteorologist cloud & sea temperatures and the visible gives ...
30% Chance of Rain8/6/2008
  Q: I know you provided an explanation of this, but I want to verify. In layman terms. I was informed by ...
  A: Here's the deal on this: To me, a "40% chance of precipitation" means the following: 1. If you are ...
Sunset time8/4/2008
  Q: I am getting married on Oct. 18, 2008 and I was wondering if you could tell me when the sun would ...
  A: The date is too far in the future for an accurate forecast. Forecasts of between 4 and 7 days can ...
Past world climate changes8/1/2008
  Q: I am interested in the history of climate change and looking for resources which explain, for ...
  A: Here's a time line of temperature change: ...
force of wind7/28/2008
  Q: I have a question about the force of wind. Is there an equation that factors in air pressure in ...
  A: See if these help: http://tinyurl.com/wind-pressure ...
8-9-08 will it rain7/21/2008
  Q: trying to plan an outdoor party on 8-9-08 will it rain or shine
  A: The date is too far in the future for an accurate forecast. Forecasts of between 4 and 7 days can ...
Meteorology7/20/2008
  Q: It seems to be acknowledged that with global warming storms will be more severe. I presume that ...
  A: First of all, only a minority of meteorologists ascribe to the belief that tropical storms will be ...
Lightning7/14/2008
  Q: As a photographer in the Tampa Florida area, I have always wanted to capture a great lightning shot. ...
  A: Barometric pressure is not an advance or even within-the-event indicator in that the thunderstorm is ...
Lightning7/14/2008
  Q: As a photographer in the Tampa Florida area, I have always wanted to capture a great lightning shot. ...
  A: There are more lightning strikes in the front and mid parts of a thunderstorm. The higher the ...
lightning7/11/2008
  Q: How many different kinds of lightening are there? Thank you
  A: Here's a list: cloud to cloud cloud to ground ground to cloud heat lightning ball lightning sprites ...
Hurricanes7/11/2008
  Q: I am a lay weather speaker, focusing primarily on weather folklore, mythology, and weather humor, on ...
  A: Looks like the Britannica info came from: ...
lightning7/10/2008
  Q: Is it possible to have lightening without thunder? Is it possible to have thunder without ...
  A: There is a form of lightning call "heat lightning" which is lightning at a great distance that can ...
East River winds7/8/2008
  Q: I am an author. As part of my research, I need to understand the wind patterns along the East River ...
  A: Wind patterns at the surface? Or, aloft? If aloft, what level. Also, a specific date, all days or ...
July 19th, 2008 Wedding7/7/2008
  Q: I am getting married on Saturday, July 19th in the evening in the Boston Area (zip 01810). We have ...
  A: The date is too far in the future for an accurate forecast. Forecasts of between 4 and 7 days can ...
Surface Analysis7/3/2008
  Q: I am studying meteorology as an undergraduate, and I just wanted to ask how I can improve my skills ...
  A: The more you practice the better you'll get! Here are some resources: ...
Weather in water world7/1/2008
  Q: Good day. I've been studying weather systems for a "world building" project and I started wondering ...
  A: Very good questions! If the earth had no land the surface would be flat water and winds would blow ...
Weather7/1/2008
  Q: I am wanting to hold my sons birthday party in our garden with his water park out but am worried it ...
  A: The date is too far in the future for an accurate forecast. Forecasts of between 4 and 7 days can ...
weather watches6/28/2008
  Q: I have always wanted to know how meteorologists decide whether to issue a severe thunderstorm watch ...
  A: A very good question! Take a look at: http://www.theweatherprediction.com/habyhints/287/ ...
lenticular cloud formation6/24/2008
  Q: In reading about lenticular clouds, I get the impression that they only form in areas where there ...
  A: Personally, I think the ground view is more serene but the air craft view can be more dramatic. As ...
storms6/23/2008
  Q: I'm Mark. I was wondering what the weather, precip and temp outlook for the southeast and South ...
  A: It looks like continued drought conditions. The following links will give you more info: ...
wet depressing weather6/21/2008
  Q: we had a brief week or two in may and so far we havent had a summer. will we get decent weather we ...
  A: Take a look at: http://www.weatherknowledge.com/long_range_forecast.html and choose "World ...
lenticular cloud formation6/21/2008
  Q: In reading about lenticular clouds, I get the impression that they only form in areas where there ...
  A: Some times an atmospheric gravity wave can cause the type of clouds you describe: ...
meteorology/Forecasting6/20/2008
  Q: Mr. Rosenfeld, I would like to know if,when you are forecasting,there is a set pattern? For example, ...
  A: I would say that I always use upper air info but I do forecast different type weather events ...
Barometric Changes and Electromagnetism6/15/2008
  Q: As with many others, I experience substantial discomfort as the barometer makes rapid changes. I ...
  A: It is known, as you point out, that changes in atmospheric pressure do effect discomfort levels in ...
Weather6/9/2008
  Q: can you give me your prediction of weather for June 21, 2008 for Hartford, CT
  A: The date is too far in the future for an accurate forecast. Forecasts of between 4 and 7 days can ...
South Ontario6/5/2008
  Q: Hey, my friend recently told me that the Great Lakes prevents tornadoes in South Ontario. I am in ...
  A: Generally speaking there are less tornadoes near large bodies of water. Why? Because the water acts ...
forecast for Eskridge, KS 6/5/086/5/2008
  Q: We currently have our roof uncovered and we need to know how severe the weather will be in the next ...
  A: Here is a technical discussion from NOAA Topeka office and they are forecasting thunderstorms ...
time weather to travel across USA6/3/2008
  Q: How long does weather take to travel across the USA from west to east coast?
  A: Depends upon the season, the jet stream and the part of the country. Winter is faster because the ...
Severe Weather5/29/2008
  Q: 1) How does a forecaster distinguish between linear storms and super cells. On a SPC discussion ...
  A: Linear storms are straight moving and smaller than super cells. Storms convert to different types ...
July 19th5/28/2008
  Q: I was just curious as to what the weather will be like on July 19th, 2008 in central PA. Thanks!
  A: The date is too far in the future for an accurate forecast. Forecasts of between 4 and 7 days can ...
storms innNew England5/27/2008
  Q: I thought all wind was described as a westerly if it comes ou of the west, a southeasterly of the ...
  A: Winds are described by the direction they are coming from- as an example, northwesterly or westerly. ...
June 10th5/27/2008
  Q: I am going to the prom on June 10th, would you be able to predict the weather for this day so that I ...
  A: The date is too far in the future for an accurate forecast. Forecasts of between 4 and 7 days can ...
Reno/Nevada5/24/2008
  Q: I am planning a wedding June 7, 2008 and while it has been rather stormy here (Reno NV) the past few ...
  A: The date is too far in the future for an accurate forecast. Forecasts of between 4 and 7 days can ...
Raindrop size5/23/2008
  Q: Is that true rain drops sizes are different in different areas for example fine drops in cold ...
  A: It is true that different parts of the world have different raindrop sizes on average. There are ...
prediction of weather June 21, 20085/20/2008
  Q: How does it look for riverside county, california on that day, specically Lake Elsinore? Thanks
  A: The date is too far in the future for an accurate forecast. Forecasts of between 4 and 7 days can ...
Upper & Lower Lows/Highs5/19/2008
  Q: I read frequently about Upper Lows etc. Looking at 500, 700 Mb charts, I do not see Lows, but the ...
  A: The simplest way to find a low pressure at elevation is to look for a closed isopleth ...
Global warming5/16/2008
  Q: I'm Mark. I was wondering what the weather, precip and temp outlook for the southeast and South ...
  A: South Carolina is still in a drought in the western sections of the state: ...
Projected weather forcast for 6/13-6/14, 2008 for Lewes DE5/15/2008
  Q: 2008 in Lewes De. Any forcast projections? Thanks
  A: The date is too far in the future for an accurate forecast. Forecasts of between 4 and 7 days can ...
weather for June 1, 20085/14/2008
  Q: Any way you can tell what the weather will be for Sunday, June 1, 2008. Thanks, BS
  A: The date is too far in the future for an accurate forecast. Forecasts of between 4 and 7 days can ...
weather5/10/2008
  Q: I'm Mark. I was wondering what the weather, precip and temp outlook for the southeast and South ...
  A: I recently had a request that had similiar questions, here is how I responded:What is the May and ...
I know it's a long shot5/8/2008
  Q: I know it's a long shot but I was wondering if there is any way of predicting the weather for the ...
  A: The date is too far in the future for an accurate forecast. Forecasts of between 4 and 7 days can ...
Weather on July 24, 20085/7/2008
  Q: I am planning an outdoor wedding on July 24th in Centerport, Long Island. Can you tell me what to ...
  A: For sunset info, see: http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/RS_OneDay.php As to the weather forecast: ...
cyclone5/7/2008
  Q: What is a CYCLONE?? Is there a difference in a cyclone and a tornado?? Also.....I'm getting ...
  A: There are four different cyclones- all are low pressure areas (meaning that the atmospheric ...
weather patterns and predictions5/6/2008
  Q: What is the May and June outlook for the southeast united states? What about the Summer Months? Is ...
  A: May & June look warm and humid; the summer months just look warm. May should be stormier but June ...
weather4/28/2008
  Q: What is the May outlook for the southeast united states? What do you think is going on with global ...
  A: I think cooler & wetter than normal; here's what NOAA thinks: ...
future weather4/28/2008
  Q: i am getting married on the 24 of may 2008 in Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada i would like to have an ...
  A: The date is too far in the future for an accurate forecast. Forecasts of between 4 and 7 days can ...
Tornados4/26/2008
  Q: I like in Sheboygan,WI about a quarter mile from Lake Michigan, and we are in the storm season, ...
  A: Generally speaking there are less tornadoes near large bodies of water. Why? Because the water acts ...
Snow reflection of light4/23/2008
  Q: Why is it so light out at night when there is snow covering the ground?
  A: Snow being composed of crystals has high reflectivity which means any light hitting a snow surface ...
future weather4/21/2008
  Q: What will the weather be like June 7, 2008 in Stockton, CA?
  A: June 7th is too far in the future for an accurate forecast. Forecasts of between 4 and 7 days can ...
Hurricanes4/21/2008
  Q: How do hurricanes form, how can you track them and how can find the latest information?
  A: Hurricanes form from thunderstorm clusters in the tropical Atlantic which develop spin from coriolis ...
wedding weather4/19/2008
  Q: I'm getting married June 28, 2008. It will be a evening candelite ceremoney starting at 8pm. I ...
  A: An accurate forecast is only possible a few days in advance and if you re-ask a few days before the ...
May prediction4/7/2008
  Q: I am trying to plan an outdoor birthday party for my daughter for either May 10 or May 17. Trying ...
  A: Mid May is too far in the future for a good forecast; that's only possible several days in advance. ...
weather future forecast4/7/2008
  Q: I have an event morning till early afternoon May 10, 2008 in Pomfret Connecticut. Was wondering if ...
  A: Since the info is based on climatology data from Hartford and Pomfret is about 30 miles to the ...
elevated convection via radar imagery4/3/2008
  Q: Is there a different signature on WSR-88D reflectivity products pertaining to elevated/dynamic ...
  A: Well, there is the intensity difference at different elevations. There is also the degree of ...
Is the wet bulb temperature the same as the dew point?4/3/2008
  Q: Is wet bulb temperature the same as the dew point?
  A: A very good question! The answer is that it is not the same; see: ...
wedding weather4/3/2008
  Q: I was wondering if you could give me a BALL PARK figure on what the weather might look like for an ...
  A: Looking at: http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/people/wwang/cfs_fcst/images/usT2mMon.gif and ...
forecasting accuracy4/2/2008
  Q: I am trying to do a statistical analysis of the relative accuracy of modern forecasters compared to ...
  A: There are two types of forecasters: Private meteorologists who work for industry and the government ...
Weather prediction4/1/2008
  Q: A couple of questions about weather prediction (a subject I know nothing about). [1] I can imagine ...
  A: Your method under # 1 is called analog forecasting; it's based on actual weather patterns that have ...
clouds going up3/26/2008
  Q: Do individual clouds ever rise above the altitude where they formed? I don't mean like a thunderhead ...
  A: Clouds form when moisture is lifted into a cooler level of the atmosphere. But, your question is: Do ...
Thunderstorm down-draft temperatures3/23/2008
  Q: Sinking air warms, yet thuderstorm downdrafts are usually cold, why?
  A: There is a atmospheric process called "adiabatic heating" which occurs when air is forced to ...
What numbers denote high barometric pressure?3/20/2008
  Q: I suffer from migraines, some of which are caused by high barometric pressure. I live on the bay in ...
  A: Normal barometric pressure at sea level is 29.92 inches of mercury. Any pressure reading higher is ...
weather patterns3/18/2008
  Q: What is the spring and summer outlook for the southeast? Suppose you live in a certain area and you ...
  A: Is our climate becoming warmer or colder? In the recent past it has been getting warmer, recent ...
weather3/17/2008
  Q: What is the spring and summer outlook for the southeast? Suppose you live in a certain area and you ...
  A: NOAA has issued the following predictions for the SE US for this spring & summer: PRECIPITATION: ...
weather sayings3/14/2008
  Q: Can you tell me the meaning of these weather sayings for my grade 6 project and have to write 3 ...
  A: Ants run faster when the temperature increases- "Mercury" is, in this case, the mercury in a ...
Meteorological Question3/13/2008
  Q: When rain freezes, it is called sleet. When dew freezes, what is it called? This frozen dew has ...
  A: When rain falls on a surface that is below freezing the rain will freeze on that surface and is ...
weather pattern3/10/2008
  Q: what is the Bahamas weather pattern
  A: Right now there is a high pressure just to the north west causing northeast winds and cool ...
humidity3/9/2008
  Q: Sir, I have a project for school. I am in the fifth grade. I have done all my resarch and am looking ...
  A: One sentence is hard to do but, here's my attempt: Humidity is a measure of the amount of moisture ...
Meteorologist3/5/2008
  Q: My name is Otis and I am in the sixth grade. I am doing a project for Science class. I would like to ...
  A: A meteorologist either studies the atmosphere (weather) or makes forecasts of what the weather will ...
Weather website2/26/2008
  Q: I am looking for a website in which I will see some temperature averages in a specific place, in ...
  A: I know a site that will gave average monthly temperatures but not for a given year: ...
Rain Shadow2/24/2008
  Q: under what circumstances can a rain shadow be formed on the western side of a mountain range?
  A: When the prevailing (average wind) brings moisture that rises on the the mountain side, the rain ...
coastal weather2/23/2008
  Q: i live in grand bay alabama. i hear alerts on the weather channel about inland freezes or coastal ...
  A: My definition would be anything "coastal" is at the coast (within 1/2 mile). Eight miles inland ...
lightning formation and clouds2/21/2008
  Q: My 8th graders have asked me, "if lightning is formed by the water droplets colliding and creating ...
  A: That is a good question! And, one that I've not heard before!! First of all, there is no lightning ...
Green light in a thunderstorm2/19/2008
  Q: I live in southeast Texas and earlier this evening a severe storm went through my area. We were ...
  A: Well, you have a few choices: A. If there were enough twilight, some times you can have the ...
equator, doldrums, hurricanes2/18/2008
  Q: While net surfing I ran across a page concerning weather patterns at zero degree latitude by a ...
  A: You must be talking about Gary Barnes: http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/GG/ASK/hurricanes.html ...
ring around moon2/16/2008
  Q: ring around moon distinct tonight in Vero Beach, FL, what is the phenomena?
  A: Looking at the water vapor satellite image: http://www.ssec.wisc.edu/data/g8/latest_g8wv.gif and ...
knowledge2/12/2008
  Q: what is the definition of weather!
  A: Weather is the short term variability of the earth's atmosphere. The dictionary defines it thusly: ...
humidity-dew point2/12/2008
  Q: what is the difference between humidity @ dew point @ how are they figured ANSWER: Hi Loretta ...
  A: There are tables and graphs available on the internet but to actually figure out the humidity or dew ...
Pacific Ocean2/10/2008
  Q: Rosenfeld, I am considering a cruise from either the Los Angeles or San Diego are to Hawaii. We ...
  A: October would be best but November should be ok while December is more prone to winter type storms ...
Can tornadoes occur in winter?2/10/2008
  Q: We live slightly northeast of Pittsburgh, PA, and we experience some windy weather, but what we ...
  A: Looking at the observation from Pittsburgh: http://www.srh.noaa.gov/data/obhistory/KPIT.html the ...
Weather2/8/2008
  Q: How does air temperature and air pressure affect weather?
  A: Your question is too general for a good answer. A general answer would be: Air temperature decides ...
Natural Disasters1/30/2008
  Q: Can tornadoes suck up people? Why don't hurricanes hit California? Does it get foggy when a tornado ...
  A: Tornado winds have lifted up people. The mean upper air flow is from east to west that takes the ...
Job in meteorology1/23/2008
  Q: Rosenfeld, I am writing on behalf of my brother, who got his masters degree in atmospheric science ...
  A: I don't know of any head hunters that specialize in meteorology jobs. I would look at: ...
Weather1/23/2008
  Q: My question deals with how hot and cold days are in relation to the length of the day. I am from ...
  A: Good question! The answer is that there is a overlap extension because of the thermal build-up of ...
future weather1/9/2008
  Q: Can you tell me what the weather will be in NSW Australia on 3rd February 2008?
  A: It's too early to give you an accurate forecast. If you ask again around the 20th of January and ...
Dew Point1/6/2008
  Q: When I go to weather dot com I get my local weather. It shows, dew point, humidity, chance of rain, ...
  A: Dew point is the temperature at which dew (condensation) would form on an object out-doors. For an ...
Wind-Chill factor1/3/2008
  Q: Let's sy that the temperature is x, the wind speed y, and the wind-chill z. If I understand, z is ...
  A: Wind chill is the effective (what you feel) temperature cause by evaporational cooling by the rate ...
Normals of SLP and Upper Winds12/29/2007
  Q: Kindly help me getting Normal Surface Pressure Pattern and Upper wind pattern at 850hPa, 700hPa, ...
  A: For surface pressure, take a look at: ...
precipitation12/27/2007
  Q: I visit this site quite often & I have few questions regarding weather details shown on most of the ...
  A: The 6 variables are: wind, temperature, precipitation, humidity, barometric pressure and geographic ...
Halo12/24/2007
  Q: How often do Halo's appear, Just saw one at about 1:38AM 12/24/2007. Beautiful
  A: Halos appear when there is a thin layer of ice crystals in line with your vision and the moon or ...
Much Fog in plain area rather than hills12/19/2007
  Q: Why there is too much fog in plain area or open area as compared to area which are very near to ...
  A: Mountains and hills have down drafts which bring drier air to the surface thus reducing fog. Fog in ...
Colder winters with more snow in NA?12/14/2007
  Q: My question is; As the Northern ice cap continues to melt more surface water is exposed, will this ...
  A: My opinion is that more melting with more evaporation will cause more clouds which will increase the ...
Barometric Preassure12/12/2007
  Q: I have been looking all over the web for an answer so maybe you can help. I work for a window manuf. ...
  A: If several homes in a given area are experiencing this type of breakage, it could mean a settlement ...
Weather12/12/2007
  Q: What would happen if a tornado, hurricane and thunderstorm hit a city at the same time for three ...
  A: Well, it has never happened as far as I know. A hurricane could stall for three days and spawn ...
protractor anemometer12/12/2007
  Q: I am working on a science project about anemometers. I have built a velocity anemometer that is a ...
  A: A protractor anemometer is based on wind force. The weight of air along with the speed of the air ...
Greenland12/11/2007
  Q: Living in Ireland I have studied the North atlantic surface pressure charts issued by the British ...
  A: Because of the very cold air from the ice sheet over Greenland: ...
First Grade Activity: Rain in a Bottle12/11/2007
  Q: Our first grade science book recommends an activity in which we put 1 tablespoon of water in a clear ...
  A: Some of the condensation may run back to the bottom or the temperature of the air in the bottle may ...
The smell of snow12/7/2007
  Q: I can smell approaching snow on the wind. Why does crystallized water have a smell? I grew up in ...
  A: You have a good sense of smell! Some of the chemicals that can be in snow are: Nitrogen dioxide, ...
fog12/6/2007
  Q: what is fog and how does it form
  A: Fog is composed of small water droplets, like a cloud, that is located near the ground. It forms by ...
water and atmospheric pressure12/3/2007
  Q: What is an fairly simples experiment that I can show 4th and 5th graders to help explain/demonstrate ...
  A: Water is on the earth and in the air via water vapor, water droplets, or rain/snow. These links ...
evaporation12/2/2007
  Q: ok i am doing a science fair research paper on evaporation.So i would greatly appreciate it if you ...
  A: The rate of evaporation is a function of temperature, humidity and wind speed. Higher temperature ...
safety of camping in thunderstorms11/30/2007
  Q: The question I have is about lightning and the safety of being outside during a thunderstorm. I am ...
  A: Machu Picchu is known for thunderstorms with lightning. July and August are considered the better ...
Tropical Cyclone forecasting11/30/2007
  Q: I am doing a report on tropical cyclone forecasting and I have a few questions on topic. 1) What ...
  A: The best way for meteorologists to forecast the future track of a tropical storm is to use upper air ...
Pressure and rain11/26/2007
  Q: Hey Donald, just wondering about this pressure thing. Did some reading and it seems that high ...
  A: A good way to make the association of pressure to weather is to note the pressure and then see how ...
Future Forecast11/24/2007
  Q: My father and I are taking a trip to the Grand Canyon in the first of May 2008. We are riding our ...
  A: Based on: http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/people/wwang/cfs_fcst/images/usT2mMon.gif and ...
Snowfall11/19/2007
  Q: Mr. Rosenfeld, Is it possible to have snowfall when land temperatures are above 32 degree F?
  A: The short answer is yes! The longer answer: While snow will melt when falling on above freezing ...
Frost Formation11/16/2007
  Q: How can I predict when forst will form on the golf course?
  A: The four ingredients for frost are: Calm winds, temperature below freezing at grass level, ...
El Nino11/5/2007
  Q: Can we predict El Nino using ocean observations?
  A: Yes; El Nino is caused by a warming of part of the Pacific ocean. Below are some good links to learn ...
weather11/2/2007
  Q: what does the weather have to do with math
  A: Math is very important because it's used in measurement of distance and in quantities of ...
Thermal lows10/31/2007
  Q: I just do not understand what a thermal low or high is. I just don't see these terms in the ...
  A: The term "thermal low" is used when the heat from the sun, over a desert area, creates a local low ...
Weather10/22/2007
  Q: I am doing a project for my social studies class and we have to make an island contenint. My island ...
  A: An island in the Gulf of Mexico would have tropical weather all year around with high humidity and ...
evenings, mornings10/19/2007
  Q: Mr Rosenfeld: Could you please tell me what is the approximate Time of Day AM and PM, for Early ...
  A: This is a guess for these because I don't believe there is a special phrase both 10 to 11 pm and ...
Precipitation Event Definitions10/19/2007
  Q: How much rainfall, over what period of time, is necessary for a rainfall to be classified as a 25 ...
  A: What you are referring to is major rain events that are classified, for a given location and ...
North South Links10/17/2007
  Q: Here (Manchester, UK, Northern Hemisphere) we have had variable summers or winters. Some hot, some ...
  A: The northern and southern hemisphere winters are different and never replicate each other. Here's ...
Magnetic Winter!10/14/2007
  Q: The Earth's magnetic field is largely responsible for our existence - mainly in diffusing the suns ...
  A: This is a question that is outside my expertise of synoptic meteorology. However, the following ...
Tropopause9/27/2007
  Q: I know I've seen the answer to this somewhere, but can't find it. Why does the wind speed decrease ...
  A: The wind speed does decrease at the tropopause. Why? Because there is very little vertical mixing in ...
sunsets in eastern North Carolina9/26/2007
  Q: I am a writer working on a memoir of years spent in eastern North Carolina. As I remember those ...
  A: I think that the sunsets are influenced by the water body to the west and the low hills west of ...
dew9/26/2007
  Q: Mr Rosenfeld:I'm a Co-Op Weather Observer and I would like to know how can I tell by looking at it, ...
  A: Light dew would be the grass or object with a minimal amount of dew deposited from condensation. ...
Day In The Life Of A Meteorologist9/25/2007
  Q: I was wondering just how a typical meteorologist, perhaps working for the NWS, performs his day to ...
  A: Typically they start with what the atmosphere is doing with charts that show surface isobars winds ...
Furrow Clouds9/24/2007
  Q: I'm wondering what causes furrow clouds to form or what is the why behind furrow clouds. They look ...
  A: What you are describing are probably Altocumulus Undulatus clouds: ...
do seasons affect from where a storm comes9/21/2007
  Q: My child would like to collect precipitation for the next 10 months and test the acidity for a ...
  A: Glad I was able to help. Seasons are not a predictor of where storms will form; however, in the ...
do seasons affect from where a storm comes9/20/2007
  Q: My child would like to collect precipitation for the next 10 months and test the acidity for a ...
  A: To see where the storm came from that caused your daily rain fall, take a look at these links: ...
air temperature & barometric prssure9/19/2007
  Q: How are air temperature and barometric pressure related? Where can I find information on this ...
  A: Both air and pressure are related in that they are descriptive elements of the atmosphere. In ...
Local Winds9/19/2007
  Q: Why do local winds along coast and mountains change daily? I've never understood this
  A: Local winds, sea breezes or land breezes are determined by the temperature over the water and over ...
ice pellets, hail & sleet9/16/2007
  Q: what is the diameter of an ice pellet
  A: An ice pellet is a frozen rain drop and NOT a hail stone. A hail stone has repeated trips up and ...
wind direction indicating position of highs & lows9/12/2007
  Q: Somewhere I read that if you turn your back to the wind the front will be either to your right or ...
  A: Winds go around high (fair) pressure areas (anti-cyclones) in the northern hemisphere clock wise and ...
I need help on a homeschooling question9/8/2007
  Q: I need to know the difference between a mountain breeze and a valley breeze. i would also like to ...
  A: A mountain breeze is a wind that descends a mountain due to radiational cooling at night- cool air ...
Weather question9/6/2007
  Q: Help! I thought that there are certain directions weather tends to flow on the North American ...
  A: Most of the time the winds are from a westerly direction unless a storm is involved. I presume that ...
Hurricane Tracks9/5/2007
  Q: I was wondering if a hurricane took a track that brought it over a narrow enough section of Central ...
  A: Looking at: http://www.weatheranswer.com/public/Global_tropical_cyclone_tracks_1985_to_2005__.bmp ...
southwest weather8/29/2007
  Q: Dea Donald hello, wondr if you can help. I am planning a slightly last inute tip to the US and it ...
  A: It is true that it has been quite a heatwave this summer in parts of the midwest this summer but by ...
school8/26/2007
  Q: i was just wondering if you could tell me some types of meteorology. I have a earth science project ...
  A: There are the following types: Synoptic meteorology which is forecasting the weather. Climatology ...
Weather8/26/2007
  Q: I read an article entitled "Its not the heat its the Dewpoint." This seems stupid to me when the ...
  A: The relationship of the temperature to the wet bulb temperature (dewpoint) determines the humidity ...
weather after hurricane8/24/2007
  Q: I am travelling to Negril, Jamaica tomorrow and am wondering if the daily thunderstorms forecast ...
  A: The tropics, especially in the summer, are prone to showers and thundershowers, especially in the ...
cause of thunder8/24/2007
  Q: When I was young I was tought thunder, was two clouds bumping into each other. Is this in any way ...
  A: Thunder is caused by the explosive heating of the air as a lightning bolt passes through the ...
hurricanes8/22/2007
  Q: Do hurricanes have the same effect under the ocean as they do above the ocean?
  A: On top of the ocean are wind driven waves. Below the surface are storm surges that cause water along ...
Early Winter Indicator ?8/19/2007
  Q: .. In view of the past several weeks of rain and cooler than normal temps in the S.Central ...
  A: The previous weather underground urls are for local observers who may have records going back into ...
Early Winter Indicator ?8/18/2007
  Q: .. In view of the past several weeks of rain and cooler than normal temps in the S.Central ...
  A: On the up coming winter for Texas I have no opinion yet but take a look at: ...
Is it St. Elmo's fire?8/15/2007
  Q: My grandfather was telling me a story about something he witnessed while watching a thunderstorm ...
  A: Sounds like an atmospheric mystery!! My guess is that since it occurred near a swamp it was NOT ...
Weather in tundra biomes8/14/2007
  Q: What is some of the weather information in cold tundra biomes? Namely temperature and precipitation ...
  A: Temperature, precipitation, humidity, barometric (atmospheric) pressure, and wind speed/direction. ...
How do you calculate the total volumn of annual rainfall?8/8/2007
  Q: Hope you can help me with my questions. I am trying to write an article for children regarding the ...
  A: Doing the bathtub calculation: My bathtub measures 5 feet long, 2 feet wide and a foot and a half ...
Who are Beijing trying to kid?8/7/2007
  Q: It is being reported that the authorities in Beijing are claiming that they intend to make it rain ...
  A: Cloud seeding is possible and works. I have not heard of a correlation of successful cloud seeding ...
July weather8/6/2007
  Q: Good Morning, Could you please tell me if there is a site in which I could access past daily weather ...
  A: Your daughter should be all set using this url: http://tinyurl.com/25lrjs and for other dates: ...
humidity7/27/2007
  Q: i am trying to design a hibernaculum for bats, and understand that the environment needs to be cold ...
  A: There are three choices: A. pans of water on the floor B. Daily sprinkling on the outside of the ...
climatic difference7/18/2007
  Q: Why... 1) Is our summer here in Redmond, Oregon (45th parallel and 2800 feet elevation)so much ...
  A: This summer the jet stream pattern is such that there is greater warmth in the mid part of the ...
clouds7/17/2007
  Q: My 5 year old son wants to know, "Why do clouds float when there is gravity?"
  A: Your son asks a good question! Clouds float because the individual moisture particles are so small ...
The end of a typhoon.7/15/2007
  Q: I was watching as the typhoon was going along the east coast of Japan (currently live in Yokosuka) ...
  A: All tropical storms do not like shear which jet streams create. Jet streams also steer storms. Cold ...
Thunderstorms7/13/2007
  Q: Is it true that thunderstorms that move to the right of the winds aloft tend to cut off the supply ...
  A: Since the right movers tend to be more severe, they probably would, through their high structure, ...
upper-level troughs7/11/2007
  Q: What direction will a surface low pressure area move if a deep upper-level trough is to the west of ...
  A: In the northern hemisphere the general direction most likely to occur is a movement from the ...
Weather in desert biomes7/2/2007
  Q: What is some of the weather information in hot desert biomes? Namely temperature and precipitation ...
  A: Hot desert biomes would be characterized as having high temps near 100 F, very low humidity and ...
satellites and reception7/2/2007
  Q: Not sure if you're the expert to ask - if not perhaps you could direct me elsewhere. There is NO ...
  A: I am not an expert on satellite reception however you are probably correct that there is a pattern ...
lightning6/28/2007
  Q: Is it safe to be on a motorcycle in a thunderstorm, provided your feet don't touch the ground? I ...
  A: Tires do insulate and make a car a safe place to be. A motorcycle does not have a steel cage around ...
Snow/Summer6/27/2007
  Q: Donald, 1)When forecast in snow events say that ratios/ or rates will increase due to strong ...
  A: # 1 When conditions are favorable for dendritic snow, the best level is around -15C. ...
people in dust devils, tornadoes6/26/2007
  Q: and one of my teachers told me that people can go in dust devils, and even showed me a video on ...
  A: Generally speaking, dust devils will not kill you but flying objects that blow into the air could ...
route 66 holiday6/25/2007
  Q: four people average age 60 would like to do route 66 next year and we wondered if May was a good ...
  A: Weatherwise late September would be best. The problem with May is that it is tornado season east of ...
atmosphere6/24/2007
  Q: I have a grade 5 project to do and one of the questions is "what causes weather ?" are you able to ...
  A: Differential heating causes pressure changes and wind and all those, with moisture, cause weather. ...
Cause of Lightning & Thunder6/22/2007
  Q: what causes lighting and thunder
  A: A build up of a positive charge of electrons compared to the object that is going to receive the ...
Paleo-meteorolgy6/10/2007
  Q: Doc Rosenfeld, This may fall outside your expertise, if it does tell me. I would encourage you to ...
  A: You're right, I'm more into current weather than climates of the past. But, see if these links help: ...
barometric pressure5/28/2007
  Q: I was wondering what is considered high pressure and what is considered to be low pressure? For ...
  A: Normal sea level pressure is 29.92 inches / 1013.2 pascals; so, anything below that would be ...
High Pressure5/22/2007
  Q: Why do swallows and flies tend to fly lower before the rain? I thought the air pressure was low ...
  A: Swallows follow the flies; in storms with strong air currents flies try to stay low to avoid the ...
PRECIPITATION AND ITS METHOD OF MEASUREMNTS5/16/2007
  Q:
  A: Precipitation is any form of moisture that falls from the sky. Rain, snow, fog, drizzle, etc. Take ...
Severe Weather5/9/2007
  Q: Hey Donald, It would be great if you can help me with these few questions that have been bothering ...
  A: Compared to normal convective thunderstorms MCV's have cold air aloft, vertical share at low levels, ...
Animal behavior and weather5/1/2007
  Q: I'm doing a science paper discussing animal behavior as it relates to significant changes in ...
  A: Animals smell changes in ozone level, sense changes in atmospheric pressure, humidity and ...
curious cloud formation4/26/2007
  Q: I'm wondering if I can get information about a cloud mass I saw. Standing directly under it, it ...
  A: It was probably a funnel aloft (i.e., a tornado not reaching the ground). For more info, see: ...
when prevailing wind swiches4/26/2007
  Q: I would like to know about the process of when the prevailing wind changes direction. I am focusing ...
  A: The name of the game when it comes to sea breezes are the following: 1. Air temperature over the ...
Barometric Pressure4/23/2007
  Q: If the barometric pressure is above one atmosphere, why does it precipitate more than a barometer ...
  A: High (fair) pressure areas are associated with less precipitation than low (stormy) pressure areas. ...
Air pressure and health4/18/2007
  Q: I am currently doing an earth science project that relates to air pressure. I was wondering what ...
  A: Since the weight of air can exert different levels of pressure on the body it can cause discomfort ...
rainfall in Jamaica in October4/16/2007
  Q: We are considering Jamaica as a honeymoon destination. Would this be advisable? We will be arriving ...
  A: It's still hurricane season in October for Jamaica. Any rainfall unrelated to hurricanes is ...
Rogue waves and strong storms4/15/2007
  Q: Do you think that rogue waves and strong storms that form and dissipate quickly could be fatal or ...
  A: Rogue waves are so high and abnormal that they have to be the result of powerful large scale storms ...
Snowpack4/14/2007
  Q: Mr Rosenfeld: This Winter I went 52 days with a continuous Snow cover on the ground. Is this the ...
  A: Snow pack generally means the snow that remains during the winter between storms. The term is used ...
water barometers and air pressure4/12/2007
  Q: please would you be able to tell me about the average changes in atmospheric pressure associated ...
  A: Actually, there is very little pressure change during a thunderstorm- they are considered small ...
temperature inversions4/12/2007
  Q: Rosenfeld, I am doing research on temperature inversions, and I read that they can be predicted a ...
  A: Good question! There is very little on forecasting inversions. Take a look at: ...
Barometric Pressure4/11/2007
  Q: I was wondering, what are the variables that influence (affect) barometric pressure?
  A: They are basically the same but barometric pressure is the amount of air pressure as shown on a ...
F1 F2 F3 F4 F54/10/2007
  Q: WHAT DOSE THE F IN F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 MEAN?
  A: The F series is used in rating the severity of tornadoes. F5 is the severest. The link below will ...
Lightning and humidity3/29/2007
  Q: I was wondering if it was possible for humidity to effect lightning, and if so, how?
  A: Since water is a conductor of electricity a higher moisture content in the atmosphere would be ...
debate3/26/2007
  Q: within the earths atmosphere, is it hotter the closer you get to the sun? If not, why?
  A: As you rise in the atmosphere you get to the thermosphere and that is much hotter than lower ...
Lightning, Phones and High-rise Buildings3/24/2007
  Q: Is it dangerous to use the phones in a high-rise building? I use a headset at a call center in ...
  A: Generally speaking, it is dangerous to use a phone (except cell phone) in any building during a ...
weather3/19/2007
  Q: how does the meteorology know when the weather will change
  A: Meteorologist use weather maps to forecast the weather. Weather maps show storm and fair weather ...
how does the seasons affect water evaporation3/15/2007
  Q: Rosenfeld, My name is Isaac and I'm doing a science fair project, and I want to find out how the ...
  A: Seasons do have an effect depending upon the depth of the water body. Shallower water is more ...
Dock vs ocean temperature3/12/2007
  Q: can you please explain why the temperature on the west coast, (Canada) can be above freezing but a ...
  A: A lake or ocean is a large body of water that is associated with high humidity and slow change to ...
tornado power3/3/2007
  Q: How much "power" is associated with a tornado (like in watts or horsepower), say for an F0 or F1?
  A: How much power does the strongest tornado have? Answered by: Joe Schaefer, director, NOAA/NWS ...
Humidity and how you feel2/28/2007
  Q: Interesting, so that's probably why places like Seattle, Washington can have high relative humidity ...
  A: * my response Interesting, so that's probably why places like Seattle, Washington can have high ...
potatos and weather forcasting2/26/2007
  Q: Was a potato ever used to forecast the weather? My daughter told me she learned this in school she ...
  A: There is a saying: "It will be a bad winter if tree bark is heaviest on the north side. Bark on ...
Hurricane eye subsidence2/26/2007
  Q: I know that hurricanes are powerful low pressure areas in the tropics and that air rises at low ...
  A: The intense convection in the actual eye wall has components of descending air that occurs on the ...
Humidity and how you feel2/24/2007
  Q: So to make sure I'm understanding correctly, relative humidity is what makes you feel either dry or ...
  A: With the colder temperature you'd feel less clammy because at the same time of feeling the humidity ...
ice storms2/24/2007
  Q: How much Ice has to accumulate on Trees and Wires before they start falling? And does Wind play a ...
  A: Usually about an inch. Wind does play a big roll. If its windy, ice is broken up on the lines and ...
Question about humidity, dew point temperature, and relative humidity2/23/2007
  Q: Can you tell me how dew point temperature makes you feel vs. how relative humidity makes you feel? ...
  A: Relative humidity is a figure that is based on how close the wet bulb temperature is to the air ...
Weather questions from the class!2/22/2007
  Q: My group of high school life skills students are studying weather. At the end of the unit, I asked ...
  A: A good teacher makes good students which makes good questions from the class! Does the weather have ...
What's the story on "Dodge" tides?2/22/2007
  Q: could you please tell me where in the world 'dodge tides' occur, thank you.
  A: A very good question! I've never been asked that one. A "Dodge tide" is a term to describe a tide ...
To cold to snow?2/13/2007
  Q: I often hear people say that, "It's too cold to snow". I have also noticed that following snow it ...
  A: It's never to cold for snow. Snow flakes are smaller and more like ice crystals at very cold ...
Precipitation1/31/2007
  Q: My question may be worded in such a way that I might not know how to communicate it correctly. Not ...
  A: A 30 % chance of precipitation means either rain or snow will fall in one third of the forecast area ...
wind gusts1/19/2007
  Q: I like to develop a model of wind speed vs time for a typical wind gust. Lets say for example the ...
  A: Instantaneous wind speed measurements in their selves are quite complex from an instrumentation ...
weather/seasons/tilt/sun1/17/2007
  Q: if the earth is closer to the sun in summer we expect more heating the sea than in winter and more ...
  A: Let me be more accurate. The closesness is dependent upon the angle of the earth. Winter is when the ...
Earth tilt affecting weather1/5/2007
  Q: Okay, its no longer private, thanks MarkHi Donald, I am working on a piece of fiction based on an ...
  A: My guess, calmer weather but major change of temperature distribution south vs northern hemisphere. ...
Inter-action of weather elements1/5/2007
  Q: Could you please tell me how do temperature, humidity and pressure relate to each other and how ...
  A: Temperature, humidity and pressure are related especially in storm systems. Low atmospheric ...
What causes weather?12/21/2006
  Q: What causes weather to change? What can weather be affected by?
  A: Temperature differences cause all weather. But, those differences cause the lows and highs (storms ...
Cows / methane / global warming12/20/2006
  Q: Does methane from cows have a significant greenhouse gas effect that ultimately affects our weather? ...
  A: Yes- methane is a big contributor towards global warming. Take a look at: ...
Thermometer information11/30/2006
  Q: How is the Thermometer inportant to forecasting the weather,and who is the atual inventor and in ...
  A: The thermometer was invented by Santorio Santorio around 1590. ...
El nino and mild weather in the northeast11/27/2006
  Q: Could El Nino have anything to do with the mild weather so far in Massachusetts? By the end of ...
  A: Most meteorologists would say yes. However, looking at the jet stream pattern and temperatures in ...
Photographing snowflakes11/27/2006
  Q: I took a picture at nighttime in South Dakota and was wondering why the snowflakes on the picture ...
  A: You're probably correct as to the clear wet dots. The size does differ both by water content, flakes ...
Comparative climate data11/22/2006
  Q: Rosenfeld, I love Austin, but the heat, the bright sunshine w/ no clouds to help shade it in the ...
  A: First, Happy Thanksgiving! The short answer to your question is that Minneapolis is a continental ...
Weather forecasting by air pressure11/16/2006
  Q: How does the barometric pressure explain weather?
  A: Low barometric pressure is associated with storms and high pressure is associated with fair weather. ...
Sea level atmospheric pressure by latitude11/15/2006
  Q: How does sea level atmospheric pressure vary with latitude? I think it is higher at the equator and ...
  A: In the summer it is higher at the equator but in the winter it is not. Here's confirmation: ...
Hurricane Absurity11/13/2006
  Q: Several years ago a Hurricane went north to Maine then turned south to cross Florida and eventually ...
  A: It is not unusual for a tropical storm to make a loop or even move back aways on its own path. But, ...
How do high and low pressure systems form?11/11/2006
  Q: How are they formed?What causes them to even exist?
  A: The process is too complex for me to describe without the aid of diagrams. The links below should ...
May 5, 200711/10/2006
  Q: I will be getting married on this date and I would like to know what kind of weather should I expect ...
  A: May is a good month weatherwise to get married! However, to be specific that far in advance would ...
Acid rain composition10/25/2006
  Q: I have been wondering if nanotechnogy could help neutralize acid rain in clouds. Do you have any ...
  A: I haven't heard of any role for nanotechnology in rain (or acid rain) modification. However, maybe ...
Reliability of a weather forecast10/24/2006
  Q: What determines the reliability of a weather forecast?
  A: A very good question! Accurate verification is by NOAA observers who measure with accurate ...
HOW TO CALCULATE POUNDS PER SQUAR FOOT10/18/2006
  Q: WHAT IS THE FORMULA,(IF ANY), TO CALCULATE PONDS OF PRESSURE PER SQUARE FOOT WITH A WIND VELOCITY OF ...
  A: I don't know what a "18 14" screen is but I assume it is either a 18 X 14 inch or foot screen over a ...
fire weather10/16/2006
  Q: I am a college student doing a presentation on the weather patterns both causing, and resulting from ...
  A: I'm not aware that the AMS has any special interest in fire weather. However, the following sites ...
Hail with stone centers10/15/2006
  Q: No one has been able to answer this in the last several weeks. What phenomenon could cause hail ...
  A: There are four possibilities which I will list in order of probability: 1. Ice being transported by ...
Why is late spring wettest season?10/15/2006
  Q: why are May and June the wettest months in the Plains and Midwest? If it's due to the clash of warm ...
  A: A quick guess would be that the sub tropical jet is more active in the spring. ...
What is the cause of a lightning stroke?10/14/2006
  Q: what causes lightning to strike between clouds or touch the earth?
  A: A lightning discharge occurs when there is a significant difference of electrical charge between a ...
Hurricane criteria as to strength and naming10/2/2006
  Q: What makes a storm a hurricane and why did they name the one in New Orleans Hurricane Katrina?
  A: A storm is considered a hurricane when the winds in the storm are at least 74 mph and the center of ...
White rain10/1/2006
  Q: A few years ago I was sitting in a car with my windows open watching it rain. Some rain drops came ...
  A: Back in 2002 the only thing that I concluded was that the whiteness showed up after mechanical ...
NHC advisory wind field forecasts9/17/2006
  Q: In NHC advisories on hurricanes, does the distance from the center of the storm that they report ...
  A: The wind field forecasts are based on distance from the center of the eye. The wind forecasts are ...
Climate information for Washington, DC9/14/2006
  Q: Good day to you, I am getting ready to move to Washington DC in November and I wanted to know what ...
  A: A forecast for November, 3 months in advance, would not be reliable. Though, looking at the jet ...
Sun's effect on weather9/14/2006
  Q: My son is doing a 'research' paper on the following criteria: How does the Earth's tilt effect the ...
  A: Sounds like a worthy research project!! The distance from the Earth to the Sun is important because ...
A 30% chance of rain means what??9/12/2006
  Q: Explain "30% Chance of rain". does this mean an area has a 30% chance that it will rain that day ...
  A: NOAA defines as: "Precipitation Probabilities (PoP): It is defined as the likelihood of occurrence ...
a question9/8/2006
  Q: I need to know what the weather forecast was in Daingerfield Texas which is located in Morris County ...
  A: I believe you're looking for what the observations were om March 6, 2006 at Daingerfield TX: ...
Lightning hit on a lake or ocean8/20/2006
  Q: I have often wondered if there can be lightning strikes in the lakes or oceans and what would the ...
  A: Lightning strikes into a water body can kill fish and people- depends upon many variables such as ...
Edgemere PA climatology8/18/2006
  Q: I am trying to determine the annual rainfall amount in inches for Edgemere, a town in Pike County ...
  A: The annual precip (rain & snow) averages around 41 inches: http://tinyurl.com/qboe8 You could try ...
Hurricane intensity rating scale8/14/2006
  Q: During Hurricane Wilma's stint as "the most powerful hurricane in Atlantic history" with a pressure ...
  A: There is a new measuring stick being used to rate hurricane seasons and individual storms; it's ...
Lightning in Hong Kong and lightning safety8/10/2006
  Q: I would like to ask for the Thunderstorm days per year in Hong Kong. Also I would like to ask if ...
  A: The average is about 49 days per year: http://www.hko.gov.hk/cis/statistic/lgday_statistic_e.htm ...
Can you make it rain inside a building?8/8/2006
  Q: Can a person make it rain inside his/her house? Why or why not? Thank you for your help.
  A: To get "rain" you must have several factors at work; one way is the Bergeron process: ...
Cause of seasonal weather patterns8/7/2006
  Q: what could be some reasons for experiencing strabnge weather patterns in los angeles, such as record ...
  A: The cause of seasonal weather patterns are the positioning of the jet stream. So, if the jet stream ...
Weather in Grand Cayman August 4th-12th 20068/3/2006
  Q: My family is traveling to the Cayman's from the US. Are trip is scheduled from Aug.4 - Aug.12. We ...
  A: Tropical storm Chris has been weakening but should impact the Cayman's on the 5th & 6th with showers ...
Weather forecast for a year in advance8/2/2006
  Q: I know this is a long time from now but I am planning a wedding for July 28, 2007. The wedding will ...
  A: It is not possible to give an accurate forecast beyond a couple of weeks. Your best bet would be ...
Lightning7/29/2006
  Q: what is the record for the most lightening strikes with in hour, and where was it.
  A: I don't believe anyone knows the answer to that question. However, the place with the most lighnting ...
Global Warming as it affects the ocean height7/27/2006
  Q: all the global warming weather people keep mentioning the expansion of the oceans due to heating. I ...
  A: A difficult question(s)! Before I try to figure out the answer let me say that glacial melting ...
drought and global warming7/25/2006
  Q: There is much concern about drought caused by global warming. Wouldn't there be more rain, though, ...
  A: A very good question! The answer is yes and no though. Why? As the evaporation increases, even ...
Green lightning7/24/2006
  Q: Yesterday my roommate and I observed a severe storm with bolts of lightning and also what looked ...
  A: Most likely you were seeing power lines shorting out with the ground as they fell and the flashes ...
weather for August 20077/23/2006
  Q: Hello I am getting married on August 18 2007 I live in Euclid Ohio and are weather is often very ...
  A: It is not possible to give an accurate forecast beyond a couple of weeks. Your best bet would be ...
weather July 20077/22/2006
  Q: Please give me all Sat. nights for 2007 in July where I will have good weather...I have had a party ...
  A: It is not possible to give an accurate forecast beyond a couple of weeks. Your best bet would be ...
Where does lightning come from?7/20/2006
  Q: Me and my boyfriend both have different oppinions on where lightening comes from, I say from the ...
  A: You're both right! Different lightning bolts can come from the ground to cloud, cloud to ground or ...
Antarctic peninsular - weather and daylight7/20/2006
  Q: I am writing a screenplay and a part of it is set on the Antarctic Peninsular from November to ...
  A: Here are a few links that should give you a good idea about the weather & climate of the Antarctic: ...
strange lightning7/19/2006
  Q: Last night (1am est) Our town of Eastham, MA was hit by a very strong thunderstorm. 10 minutes into ...
  A: You ask a hard question because many odd things happen when it comes to lightning! I watched the ...
Marine Air and Thunderstorms7/19/2006
  Q: Can marine that invades during a heat wave inhibit thunderstorms?
  A: Marine air is stable air which inhibits and/or diminishes the intensity of thunderstorms. However, ...
heat index7/19/2006
  Q: What is a heat index? what does it indicate?
  A: A heat index is composed of the interaction of temperature and humidity to give a measure of human ...
wedding weather7/18/2006
  Q: You must get alot of these. I am planning on having a wedding in Marblehead, MA- one of the most ...
  A: It is not possible to give an accurate forecast beyond a couple of weeks. Your best bet would be ...
power of the sun7/18/2006
  Q: On one day it can be 25oC, clear blue sky, no wind. And a week later it can be exactly the same ...
  A: While the conditions at the surface of the earth may be the same the difference is in changes at ...
Is global warming caused by people?7/17/2006
  Q: i was wondering how do we know that the global warming is caused by humans and not a natural earth ...
  A: Here is a link that shows there is global warming: http://tinyurl.com/mewlc and a link that shows ...
Force of wind7/8/2006
  Q: How could I convert wind speed, to show how much force it has, like in newtons? Like if the wind ...
  A: Here is a formula for "Newtons": http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/7n.html ...
Does a Northerly wind come from the north?7/8/2006
  Q: My question is this: What does "northerly" mean? Every dictionary I have seen lists two definitions. ...
  A: A "Northerly" winds means a wind from a northerly direction- typically from the north but could be ...
Weather forecast for a year in advance7/6/2006
  Q: What kind of predictions are there for the weather on July 7, 2007 in Baltimore, MD? I have an ...
  A: It is not possible to give an accurate forecast beyond a couple of weeks. Your best bet would be ...
Traverse City Michigan Climatology information7/4/2006
  Q: Can you tell me what the average number of sunny days for Traverse City is? Also, how many tornado ...
  A: Take a look at the "cloudy day" chart at: http://www.city-data.com/city/Traverse-City-Michigan.html ...
Global warming - is it real? Other questions.6/28/2006
  Q: Do you believe global warming is actually occurring? What do you believe as the top factor ...
  A: A couple of weeks ago I was asked the same question, so I'm copying my answer here: The question of ...
Tropical Storm ocean smell6/28/2006
  Q: I live in central (near Charlotte) NC. Why does the air/rain from a so-called "tropical storm" ...
  A: Since tropical storms/hurricanes form over the ocean, they have their moisture derived from salt ...
How far away does lightning strike & I can still see it?6/27/2006
  Q: How far does ligtening strike? Is it true it can strike up to 10 miles away?
  A: Some types of lightning, such as heat-lightning and sprites can be seen 100's of miles away. Local ...
Weather (Week of 6/25/06) NJ6/24/2006
  Q: Mr. Rosenfeld, My family and I have slotted a week-long trip to Toms River, NJ (beginning Monday ...
  A: That forecast means that there are chances for afternoon showers or thunderstorms but they will be ...
hurricane season 20076/22/2006
  Q: Mr. Rosenfeld, My sisters are planning on taking me on a trip next Aug. for my 40th birthday. I ...
  A: A year in advance for hurricane forecasting is too far for accurate forecasting! However, August is ...
Pittsburgh Weather6/14/2006
  Q: Mr. Rosenfeld, I'm writing for The Pitt News this summer, and the current story I'm working on is ...
  A: All good questions! 1.) Do Pittsburgh's three rivers (Monongahela, Ohio and Allegheny) affect the ...
Hurricane scale6/14/2006
  Q: Do you think that they should add a Category 6 to the Saffir-Simpson scale?
  A: I think the Saffir-Simpson scale has worked well and people are used to it; so, my answer would be ...
Planning for Engagement Party6/7/2006
  Q: I live in Middle Village, which is in Queens, N.Y. I am planning an engagement party for 01/27/07. ...
  A: It is not possible to give an accurate one year forecast. Your best bet would be to look at the ...
wedding5/31/2006
  Q: i am planning a wedding for betweenmarch and may of 2007 in portland oregon, i have no clue if i ...
  A: It is not possible to give an accurate one year forecast. If I knew the city the great! event was ...
cooler at the coast?5/30/2006
  Q: I had a bit of an argument with friends over this: When we were going to the beach over the ...
  A: You're right! Water temperature does not change as fast as seasonal atmospheric temperature. What ...
Rain temperature5/29/2006
  Q: I live in West palm beach, florida. Prior to a sudden, severe thunderstorm this afternoon, the ...
  A: Rain falling from higher elevations is always cooler. It is true that lower elevation temperatures ...
weather for 20075/27/2006
  Q: i am planning a wedding for april 21, 2007, i was wondering if you could tell me the best way to get ...
  A: It is not possible to give an accurate one year forecast. If I knew the city the great! event was ...
seasonal temperatures5/23/2006
  Q: My Son has a weather test this week and they need to know the ranges of temperature for each season. ...
  A: More: Winter – December, January, February Spring – March, April, May Summer – June, July, August ...
hurricanes5/14/2006
  Q: how do they forecast hurricanes?
  A: Meteorologist forecast hurricanes basically the same way they forecast other large scale storms. ...
Wedding Weather!5/11/2006
  Q: My fiance and I are planning to have our wedding on August 11, 2007 outside his parents' home in ...
  A: Over a year in advance is too far in the future for exact weather forecasts. Indiana can have ...
Hurricanes causing early labor?5/6/2006
  Q: What are the real facts surrounding the theory that hurricanes (barometric pressure) can cause early ...
  A: It is true that extreme drops in barometric pressure (atmospheric pressure) can cause early labor, ...
Army Signal Corps weather5/3/2006
  Q: My great grandfather, Thorpe Butolf Jennings (the family called him TB) was dispatched to Kansas ...
  A: One of these links might help: http://www.gordon.army.mil/ocos/Museum/ ...
Doppler5/1/2006
  Q: Well a few weeks back we had a twister just north of my town i was GLUED to my Doppler there was no ...
  A: Probably the tornado was hidden by the strong treturn from the hail. When you say: :How could I ...
global warming4/23/2006
  Q: Mr. Rosenfield, I am a journalism student at SDSU in California. I am writing a story on global ...
  A: A couple of weeks ago I was asked the same question, so I'm copying my answer here along with ...
tornadoes4/9/2006
  Q: Why are tornadoes more common in certain areas of the country like the Midwest?
  A: There is a confluence of factors: Topography (flat land), moisture source (Gulf of Mexico), ...
Global Warming/Cooling Scare4/9/2006
  Q: I've always been leery of the endless media scares, such as bird flu, E Coli/Salmonella etc., which ...
  A: The question of global warming has been settled; there is global warming. The questions not settled ...
air temperature and water temperature...4/6/2006
  Q: does air temperature affect water temperature (temperature of the creek or stream)? od does the ...
  A: Good question! Both affect each other. There is a transfer of warmness/coolness to each body by the ...
lighting4/3/2006
  Q: questions about lighting
  A: I didn't see your question so I'm going to guess: You have 3 questions: 1. How does lightning ...
Weather Report Chance of Rain3/29/2006
  Q: I have heard different answers from different people about what it means when the weather report ...
  A: "A 30% chance of rain" means that a person standing at the location of where the forecast covers ...
2007 forecasts3/27/2006
  Q: Anyone care to take a stab at weather conditions around Destin, Florida the later part of April ...
  A: A forecast of a year is kind of risky!! :) However, take a look at: Temperature: ...
offshore breeze3/23/2006
  Q: can you tell me why the term "offshore" breeze, means a breeze blowing FROM land to sea, whereas ...
  A: The reason is that it is a local wind that is derived from a difference between the land and water ...
air stability3/20/2006
  Q: Mr. Rosenfeld: I am interested in learning more about how I can classify air stability using the ...
  A: Take a look at: http://www.eglin.af.mil/weather/Pasquills.html ...
Tornado's3/19/2006
  Q: My question is this: If i were to live on a rock bluff approx. 250 ft. above the next lower level ...
  A: A tornado is water vapor and dust with winds that are very strong (150 mph or more) and when it hits ...
high pressure vs low pressure3/19/2006
  Q: My 10 year old son is doing a project about the weather. What is present during heavy snow falls, ...
  A: Low pressure; high pressure is associated with fair weather. For more, see: ...
precipitation3/9/2006
  Q: is there any relationship between the amount of precipitation and air temperature? does air ...
  A: Well, with snow, 1" of rain would be about 10" of snow at 32 F but at 20 degrees you'd get around ...
weather history3/1/2006
  Q: i'm doing a university project on the spanish armada and need info on specific meterological ...
  A: More info: http://tinyurl.com/gxg97 http://tinyurl.com/gxg97 ...
Weather2/26/2006
  Q: Why do we have weather?
  A: Well, the earth has an atmosphere, a sun shining into it, oceans and land to provide differential ...
tornadoes2/19/2006
  Q: I need to ask an expert how tornadoes start. It is for my science fair experiment at school. It is ...
  A: Tornadoes form in unstable air and from a pre-existing thunderstorm- most of the time associated ...
Why is it so windy in SF?2/14/2006
  Q: Has it always been windy in San Francisco?
  A: Any location that is next to the ocean tends to have average higher wind speeds compared to inland ...
meteorologist2/13/2006
  Q: what are meteorologists and what tools do they use to predict the weather
  A: Meteorologists are weather people who try to predict what the atmosphere will do at time and ...
Northern lights2/12/2006
  Q: Strictly speaking a travel query rather than a meteorology one, but I can't find a travel expert who ...
  A: See if these links help: http://www.spacew.com/www/aurora.php http://www.auroraborealisyukon.com/ ...
meteorology2/8/2006
  Q: You hear a weather forecast in the middle of the summer that predicts a warm front moving in. Do you ...
  A: Depends upon what part of the country you're in; however, generally a warm frontal passage means ...
Weather Predictions2/8/2006
  Q: How does a meteorologist determine that there is a "percent" chance of precipitation? (i.e. 70% ...
  A: Basically, there are two ways: The most common is that the Meteorologist bases his probability ...
meteorolgy2/6/2006
  Q: What is a result of high and low pressure activity? Needle lik snowflakes are called------ where ...
  A: High pressure bring fair weather and low pressure brings stormy weather. ...
weather movement2/4/2006
  Q: i ve heard that weather cant move east to west i live in ohio and i was wondering if it was possible ...
  A: Generally speaking the weather systems move from west to east or some variation of same. But, there ...
Freezing level2/2/2006
  Q: I live in Oregon and I am an avid snowboarder. I look at weather everyday and am wondering the ...
  A: The "free air freezing level" is the elevation at which the temperature of the air is below 32 ...
Yankee Clippers/nor'easters1/25/2006
  Q: I'm sure I've heard the term "Yankee Clipper" used in reference to storm systems (snow/cold) that ...
  A: A Yankee Clipper refers to a ship: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yankee_Clipper A northeaster is a ...
Wind Velocity1/25/2006
  Q: Hey Donald, I was wondering what factors affect the velocity of wind. I am a university student, ...
  A: Temperature and or orographical differences for local winds and pressure gradient for all others. ...
Jet Stream1/19/2006
  Q: Rosenfeld, Thank you for fielding my amateur weather buff question. We are having a warm winter ...
  A: Lot's of people are bored by this winter- you're in good company! The jetstream is the cause and ...
eye of hurricane1/19/2006
  Q: I understand that in the eye of a hurricane the airflow is down rather than up as it is in the ...
  A: A very good question! The wall of the eye (eyewall) has greater upward motion of air and the net ...
Wind force1/12/2006
  Q: What is the force in psi of a 60 mph wind?
  A: Based on the chart at: http://www.noahs-ark-anchors.com/content/wind.htm it looks like at 60 mph ...
lake noises1/11/2006
  Q: Last night we were walking past our 1 hectare lake in central France. it has been frozen for some ...
  A: Probably due to contraction because of the surface change of temperature from day to night. For ...
weather term1/10/2006
  Q: I am supposed to look up the amount of precipitation per day for school. I keep getting the term "T ...
  A: "T" means a trace of precipitation and "in" means inches and "cm" means centimeters. For more, see: ...
Lightning1/6/2006
  Q: I am doing a science project on lightning. Can you recommend sites. How does lightning work?
  A: Lightning happens when there is a difference of electrical charge between cloud and ground or cloud ...
Hurricane Activity1/4/2006
  Q: Sir: According to the experts for the next five or ten years we are suppose to be in a climatic ...
  A: Most of the current predictions are based on warmer sea temperatures. Other reasons are the cycles ...
out of season tropical storms1/2/2006
  Q: Tropical Storm Zeta formed on December 30. Now that it is 2006, if another tropical storm forms in ...
  A: A very good question. The 2005 hurricane season ended November 30th and the new one starts on June ...
Evaporation12/30/2005
  Q: Rosenfeld, Hi, i'm working on a chemistry project and one of the requirements was to ask an expert ...
  A: The experts at Allexperts are not supposed to do homework for a questioner. With that in mind, let ...
frost12/29/2005
  Q: What causes the frost on a car's windshield on freezing mornings? Why does frost not occur when a ...
  A: A car windshield is separated from the car by a band of rubber glue. This allows the window itself ...
science12/19/2005
  Q: 1.Why were weather forecasters so important during the drought and wildfire season in Florida in ...
  A: what grade level would you like me to revise the answer to?? Hi Amanda Weather forecasters were ...
direct anthropogenic thermal pollution12/18/2005
  Q: This is my second submission of basically the same question. The answer I received from you or ...
  A: The best answer that I can give is through a link and that is an inferential answer. This link was ...
weather and storms12/17/2005
  Q: What is the difference between a Tornado, Hurricane, Whirlwind and a Typhoon? I have had so many ...
  A: A hurricane and a typhoon are the same except that the hurricane is in the Atlantic and the typhoon ...
ancient weather12/17/2005
  Q: I have heard that during the time of dinosaurs, the earth rotated more quickly causing a shorter ...
  A: See if these links help: Earth rotation: http://deschutes.gso.uri.edu/~rutherfo/milankovitch.html ...
fronts12/13/2005
  Q: last spring the set up was this, a slow moving cold front was in the middle of michigan moving ...
  A: The quickness of the wind shift is directly proportional to the pressure gradient (the rate of ...
New Zealand Nor'wester12/11/2005
  Q: I'm currently on a sabbatical in Christchurch, New Zealand, and the biggest weather-related ...
  A: Downslope winds bring warmer temperatures; take a look at: ...
Weather11/16/2005
  Q: Explain the process by which weather forecasters know what the weather will be like.
  A: Weather forecasters use tools like: http://www.weathercontest.com/forecast.html They learned about ...
weather11/7/2005
  Q: What insturments are used in forecasting the temperature and what weather factors influence the ...
  A: Measuring temperature is done with a thermometer: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermometer As to ...
Lightning11/2/2005
  Q: What are the odds of a person getting struck by lightning? Or, how many people in the United ...
  A: Don't know about poker, but these links will help you with the lightning questions: ...
Hurricanes!10/26/2005
  Q: What are scientists doing to prevent hurricanes from reaching land? if you are unable to answer this ...
  A: Not much because it seems impossible to alter the course of hurricanes; take a look at: ...
electrical charge10/24/2005
  Q: Donald, Thank you for that list. It was interesting seeing that others have had the same ...
  A: I would think that low clouds would be indicative of higher humidity at ground level. I would agree ...
Hurricanes and "what's inside"10/22/2005
  Q: Donald- I'm a little embarrassed to ask this question, but I really don't know. I live in ...
  A: Hurricanes contain salt water when they are over water because of the wind creating salt ocean ...
electrical charge10/20/2005
  Q: Donald, I appreciate that you are pursuing this. I'm sorry if this answer gives more detail than ...
  A: See if these links help; if not, let me know: http://tinyurl.com/b4yf2 http://tinyurl.com/cdtml ...
Lightning and Thunder10/17/2005
  Q: Mr. Rosenfeld: In August I was driving through the Mojave desert when I encountered the most ...
  A: There are two causes for no thunder with close lightning strikes; the first is very heavy rainfall ...
Lightning& thunder10/11/2005
  Q: What are all the different forms of lightning?
  A: There is cloud to ground, ground to cloud, cloud to cloud, and cloud to space (sprites). Heat ...
IR atmospheric windows10/2/2005
  Q: I have recently learnt somethings about IR atmospheric windows. I know that they are named J, H, K, ...
  A: "The near-IR bands (J, H, K, L, M, N, Q) are not named mnemonically, but almost alphabetically ...
hurricanes9/19/2005
  Q: whats the max winds a hurricane can strengthin to?
  A: Further thought: Typhoon Paka (1997) had winds of around 240 mph so I think the upper limit would ...
Hurricane Katrina9/19/2005
  Q: my name is Gina. I attend Lees Summit West High School and I am doing a project on Hurricane ...
  A: *How come the levees were only built for a category 3 hurricane? The local and state government ...
Hurricanes, storms, etc9/14/2005
  Q: With the recent Katrina tragedy, my friends and I have been thinking about hurricanes and typhoons ...
  A: A typhoon is the same as a hurricane except it occurs in the Pacific. A tropical storm is a weaker ...
Cat 4 or 5 Hurricane hitting Central fla.9/13/2005
  Q: Would like to know since I live in Central fla,, what would happen to us if a catagory 4 or 5 hit ...
  A: Since Florida is basically flat, there would be little reduction of windspeed inland. The biggest ...
Questions about hurricanes9/9/2005
  Q: My name is Max Brown. I am sophomore at Lee's Summit West High School and we are doing an I-Search ...
  A: 1. How do hurricanes get started? In tropical areas, thunderstorms some times develop into low ...
Storm Surge9/5/2005
  Q: Donald: How far inland did the Storm Surge from Katrina go? And how far inland would there be ...
  A: I haven't heard any one say exactly how far the surge went inland. These links may give you some ...
Hurricanes8/31/2005
  Q: Since a hurricane requires water temperature of >80 degrees Farenheit, if the water temperature ...
  A: A breakwall wouldn't do the trick- Why? Because a lot of the energy/warm water comes from beneather ...
Why do storms have low pressure?8/31/2005
  Q: Mr. Rosenfeld - Why do thunderstorms and hurricanes have low air pressure? I know storms are formed ...
  A: Thunderstorms typically have normal air pressure. An exception would be a tornado which does have ...
probability of precipitation8/27/2005
  Q: What does it mean when a forecaster predicts x% chance of rain?
  A: A 40 % chance of rain means that at the spot you're at, for the exact atmospheric ...
Terminology7/5/2005
  Q: I have some questions that have been bugging me... 1. What's the difference between "partly cloudy" ...
  A: Mostly sunny has very few clouds but partly cloudy means a greater amount of clouds. Isolated is ...
Sounds of high flying jets6/15/2005
  Q: Don't know if you can answer this. At first glance the question doesn't seem to have much to do with ...
  A: "Jet engines create noise in two different ways. As a plane is flying towards someone, the air ...
Warm and cold fronts6/15/2005
  Q: I have heard the term high pressure systems and low pressure systems, and I have also heard the term ...
  A: Here are the different fronts: cold, warm, stationary and occluded. Take a look at: ...
El Nino Followup6/14/2005
  Q: I answered two of them, but the third one I still couldn't find any answers too: What effects do ...
  A: Both influence the temperature of the upper ocean surface which is paramount to El Nino/ La Nina ...
El Nino6/9/2005
  Q: I am doing a high school project on El Nino and La Nina. I was wondering about a few things: Are El ...
  A: Here are some links to help you but if you still have questions, ask again: ...
climate of new york city6/5/2005
  Q: I am trying to find out what affects the rainfall patterns in new york (e.g. convectional, cyclonic ...
  A: Basically, the ocean and northeasters have the biggest effect on the amount of rainfall that New ...
Coreolis effect5/21/2005
  Q: I have asked several people, including meterologists in town and have yet to receive a satisfactory ...
  A: The jet stream, whichj moves from west to east in the northern hemisphere is the governing force in ...
Recent Polarized Sunlight5/13/2005
  Q: I and some acquaintences have recently noticed that around sunrise and sunset sunlight seems to be ...
  A: You may be seeing a "sun pillar". Take a look at: http://tinyurl.com/93sbl ...
hurricane frances5/6/2005
  Q: i need a picture of hurricane frances over the state of fl and any info you feel i could use in my ...
  A: Try: http://tinyurl.com/c52fe http://www.srh.noaa.gov/mfl/newpage/frances/satellite_lg.jpg ...
Hurricane Ivan and Grand Cayman4/27/2005
  Q: I was on Grand Cayman during the storm and was hoping to find the reason behind this surge. The ...
  A: Ivan was a very intense hurricane cat 4 and Gilbert was a cat 3 when they passed the Grand Cayman. ...
Hurricane Ivan and Grand Cayman4/27/2005
  Q: I wanted to know if there were any factors that may have increased the intesity and height of the ...
  A: Looks like the storm surge was about 8 feet. For more, see: ...
salt particles on air?4/20/2005
  Q: how salt particles located on air (above sea)? which parameters are related with salt amount on ...
  A: Salt particles get into the air via evaporation of sea water in the oceans and through wind ...
Daily temperatures in India4/13/2005
  Q: Where on the Internet can I get daily temperatures of various Indian cities ? I would like to make a ...
  A: Go to: http://www.wunderground.com/global/IN.html and pick a city on the left side of the pqage. ...
Frontogenesis Isotherm and Streamline4/13/2005
  Q: If isotherm lines be relatively in perpendicular with respect to streamlines who can possible to ...
  A: Here are two good links for confluence/diffluence: ...
Tornados/Hurricanes4/12/2005
  Q: my name is Brandon and I attend St. john Nepomuk school in Racine, WI. I am in 7th grade. In our ...
  A: Well, first, NOAA (the weather bureau) does not name tornadoes. As to the alphabet, they don't ...
aurora4/12/2005
  Q: my name is Kyle and I attend St. John Nepomuk School in Racine Wisconsin. In our comnputer class we ...
  A: Very good question! Solar flares from the sun send electrons that interact with the magnetic field ...
lightning3/25/2005
  Q: does lightning strike from the sky down? or does lightning strike from the ground up?
  A: The answer is both and more. There is cloud to ground, ground to cloud, cloud to cloud, and cloud ...
tropical cyclone names3/22/2005
  Q: I have information from the noaa, but I want to know how these names are chosen. The web addresses ...
  A: The WMOO, World Meteorological Organization, is in charge of the naming process; some areas are ...
elevated thunderstorms3/21/2005
  Q: if elevated thunderstorms downdrafts do not rach the surface because of their high bases , then why ...
  A: Depends upon the strength of the down drafts. Shelf clouds (bow echos) indicate a more intense ...
cumulonimbus clouds3/19/2005
  Q: all info about Cb clouds important for aviation,in tropical regions only.THANKS
  A: The single two most important things about cumulonimbus clouds are that they are associated with ...
Clouds3/18/2005
  Q: It might seem like a simple one, but it has caused a few constructive arguements at the office. My ...
  A: A very good question. The answer is that they are both the same except one is higher than the ...
weather3/16/2005
  Q: How do interactions of air, water and land create earth's weather?
  A: All are part of the process of weather; air houses weather, water provides the moisture for clouds ...
The Weather3/14/2005
  Q: I go to Merrimack College in North Andover, MA and I am an elementary education minor. For a ...
  A: A goodI think the simple answer is that there is a mix of components in the atmosphere that needs to ...
Rainbows3/14/2005
  Q: Why do we see the colors of the rainbow that we do?
  A: Light is refracted when it passes through water droplets, that causes rainbows. For more, see: ...
Days without Sun in A Sunbelt State3/1/2005
  Q: I once read that Oklahoma has 300 or more days of cloudless sunshiney days per year, but I can't ...
  A: All of the four url's refer to or include Oklahoma; take a look at: ...
Ice Storm2/28/2005
  Q: I'm wondering about the ice storm that happened in 1998 in Quebec. It seems that no one was really ...
  A: I've heard of no changes in engineering standards. The forecasting isn't a problem and wasn't the ...
hurricans and cyclones2/27/2005
  Q: are cyclones and hurricans the samething
  A: Depend upon what part of the world your in! Cyclones and hurricanes are both low pressure areas but ...
Climate change2/17/2005
  Q: I remember reading somewhere that the present phase of global warming has not yet reached that which ...
  A: I think that is true, but, the bigger question is what is causing Global warming and whether man's ...
hurricans and cyclones2/15/2005
  Q: are cyclones and hurricans the same thing
  A: Depend upon what part of the world your in! Cyclones and hurricanes are both low pressure areas but ...
snowflakes2/12/2005
  Q: ive been told that no 2 snowflakes are alike...is that true and if it is true....how in the world ...
  A: It is true in that no two have been found to be exactly the same. But, never, is a long time! ...
Shade Temperatures2/3/2005
  Q: Donald, Thanks for your answer to Gina regarding temps in shade/direct sun, I found this ...
  A: Looking back at Gina's question (immediately below) Name:gina Subject: weather Date: August 1, ...
Tornadoes2/2/2005
  Q: Ryan, a student in my gifted and talented group, is doing an independent "investigation" of ...
  A: A tornado will pick up everything except a very large office building. However, the tornado is ...
Atmospheric pressure/water pressure2/1/2005
  Q: I am in 4th grade and doing the science fair. I want to know if atmospheric pressure affects water ...
  A: Water has force depending upon what is pushing it. Hi Glenn Well, the weight of air is 14.7 lbs ...
Meteorologist science fair project1/23/2005
  Q: I need help better understanding how to read my homemade barometer. I'm using a ruler how do I ...
  A: You could get the barometric pressure for your town by going to: http://www.wunderground.com/ and ...
Anemometer1/18/2005
  Q: I have seen various sites on the internet that talk about making a homemade anemometer using a ping ...
  A: I'm unable to answer this: but, I'd guess that you'd need to know the weight of the ball plus the ...
Find high / low temperatures for my town1/14/2005
  Q: Do you know of a place where I can find high / low temperature data for my area (Elyria, Ohio) for a ...
  A: Try: http://www.wunderground.com/US/OH/Elyria.html and scroll down the page to: "Detailed History ...
thunder and Lightning1/14/2005
  Q: Hello my name is Michael Smith I'm a student at Elmira Free Academy in Elmira New York. I'm doing a ...
  A: I'm a private meteorologist so my answers may be atypical. My first question is what made your job ...
warm air aloft/ what is the most snow ever recorded in an hour?1/9/2005
  Q: Good Evening Mr. Rosenfeld Those of us who are snowlovers hate nothing more than a nice snow ...
  A: I've seen sleet in the teens. Freezing rain into the upper 20s. I've seen 5" a hour in one or two ...
east coast winterstorms/cyclogenesis1/9/2005
  Q: Good Evening Mr. Rosenfeld I have an avid interest in meteorology with a very specific interest ...
  A: Take a look at: http://www.ametsoc.org/pubs/books/index.html The two books that you should get ...
Tornado Destruction12/18/2004
  Q: What makes tornadoes so destructive? What kinds of destruction do tornadoes cause? How much ...
  A: Tornadoes are destructive because of very high winds- 100 to 350 miles per hour! The destruction is ...
snow question12/5/2004
  Q: I was born in 1969. I live in Connecticut and have so since I was born. Over the past 35 years or so ...
  A: Sometimes older people remember snow depths as being higher "way back" because they were younger and ...
Rainbows12/1/2004
  Q: What are the chances of seeing a rainbow everytime it rains?
  A: Depends upon several issues: Viewing location Sun location Rain shield position Rain shield ...
weather maps11/21/2004
  Q: what is on weather maps?
  A: Weather maps show temperature, pressure, wind direction and speed plus storm and fronts; for more, ...
Rain in Deserts11/14/2004
  Q: Okay, well I must apologize. As I sent this to you I realized it was Walter that gave us that ...
  A: Deserts are located where there is very little rainfall. Distribution of rainfall is governed by ...
rain11/4/2004
  Q: My question is, how does a barometer corilate with rain. Is ther a scale that can be used if a ...
  A: Take a look at: http://www.medfordclock.com/bfacts.html http://www.medfordclock.com/bfaq.html#3 I ...
Weather in the mountains10/17/2004
  Q: can you tell me why high mountains are always covered in snow and very cold- seeing as they are the ...
  A: It's the same reason that with winter temperatures snow stays around- COLD!! With respect to ...
Coriolis and altitude effect on wind direction at low latitudes10/6/2004
  Q: How many degrees might one expect surface winds to back (due to coriolis effect) at a position of 1 ...
  A: At a given location you'd have no effect from the Coriolis Effect. It is only significant over large ...
Wind Direction10/6/2004
  Q: Can you send me picture of the way wind direction is determined with a aneometer.Like Wsw were onthe ...
  A: The "wsw" is located at 8pm on a clock. The trick to understanding the reported/forecasted wind ...
Hi Donald, Every year I read...9/27/2004
  Q: Every year I read that the southeast US has hurricanes. Yet the news makes it sound like this type ...
  A: More hurricanes in Florida. The cause? The steering currents aloft along with a blocking high ...
Hurricanes...9/25/2004
  Q: Mr. Rosenfeld: Why do just about all hurricanes tend to have a "left to right" hook in their ...
  A: Hurricanes start out moving from east to west and then tend to move in a more northerly direction ...
milobars9/7/2004
  Q: now I see that inches of Mercury and milobars are basically different ways of saying the same ...
  A: Well the formula to convert millibars to inches is: MB X 0.0295 = inches of mercury ...
milobars9/7/2004
  Q: I would like to know what exactly are the reasons or purposes of the different levels of milobar ...
  A: Well, millibars, hectopascals, and inches of mercury are all ways to express what the atmosphere ...
hurricanes9/5/2004
  Q: My wife and I are discussing the following question, "When a hurricane passes over water does it ...
  A: The hurricane does cause sea water to get into the lower atmosphere due to the strong winds taking ...
Pittsburgh summer weather8/31/2004
  Q: Mr. Rosenfeld: I'm a studnet at the University of Pittsburgh and am writing an article for one of ...
  A: The summer precip was enhanced by a more active and lower latitude jet stream that normally resides ...
barometer8/16/2004
  Q: When making a backyard barometer with my kids - jar, ballon and straw. I explained that when the ...
  A: If you read through all below it should give you the insight you'll need. If it doesn't, let me know ...
Weather8/9/2004
  Q: I was wondering if you could help me answer any of the following questions for a GS badge. ...
  A: a.)Scientifically, what makes a "bad hair day"? High humidity b.)What happens if the jet stream ...
aurora borealis7/27/2004
  Q: I hope you're living the good life. My name is Willis and I usually go by "Toik". I used the All ...
  A: Must be an upside down mirage caused by an inversion. For more, see: ...
weather7/23/2004
  Q: Why is it so humid in summer in the Washington D.C. area and so dry in the forests in the western ...
  A: It basically has to do with average wind direction in those areas by season. Washington is affected ...
Maine weather in October7/20/2004
  Q: I am writing a children's book which is set partially in Maine (Bar Habor area, made-up town), and ...
  A: For the climate info, you can get a fairly good idea using: ...
thunder and lightning7/11/2004
  Q: Donald, i am from england and have recently moved to minneapolis and have a few questions about the ...
  A: I think the difference bewteen England and Minneapolis is the general air mass stability- England's ...
LCL and Surface Pressure6/23/2004
  Q: I am very fascinated in meteorology and I have been studying it privately as a hobby for a few years ...
  A: Question 1: They (NOAA) send up a radiosonde and the curve is derived by observation; however ...
Barometric Pressure6/6/2004
  Q: I hope everything is going okay for you, and that you are in good health. My name is Joe, and, I ...
  A: To correctly use your new aneroid barometer you need to adjust it to sea level pressure; to ...
low barometric pressure6/6/2004
  Q: Why does barometric pressure fall before rain/precipitation. Doesn't moist air weigh more than dry ...
  A: Sometin=mes the pressure stays the same or even rises. Generally speaking though, rain ...
thermometer6/5/2004
  Q: I was wondering why there is a difference in in temperture in a dry bulb thermometer and wet blub ...
  A: The dry bulb temperature is the air temperature. The wet bulb temperature is the temperature that ...
how weather affects radio wave transmissions6/2/2004
  Q: I am a reporter with The Dallas Morning News. I am based in Cuba and filed a story today on Cubans' ...
  A: Sometimes temperature inversions can act as a high television antenna to propagate tv signals ...
Tornados5/31/2004
  Q: Does the amount of forestation in an area - specifically Washington State - have any effect on the ...
  A: Forestation tends to reduce thermal updrafts do to a reduction in differential heating which ...
clouds and raining5/30/2004
  Q: An area of clouds can obviously contain large amounts of water to give off rain for days. How much ...
  A: A cloud is constantly changing with new moisture coming in and moisture either falling out or ...
fog5/29/2004
  Q: I'm trying to explain how fog forms to a 9 year old. We've done some reading on the subject and some ...
  A: Take a look at: http://tinyurl.com/2fltg http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/calc/humidity.html ...
rainbows5/28/2004
  Q: Just askin' My mom called me and told me to get my son (2 1/2 yrs old) and look out the window to ...
  A: The horizon at sea level is about 3 miles- but, the rain bow extends above so you should be able to ...
Rainbows5/25/2004
  Q: We get lots of rainbows here in Dannevirke, New Zealand. I recall someone from America saying that ...
  A: America has a normal distribution of rainbows. It is usual to have rainbows in all countries. It is ...
ice atmosphere5/14/2004
  Q: Is it possible for a solid ice layer to form in the atmosphere? I think i read one time that one of ...
  A: Solid ice could not form because gravity would make it fall prior to be a "skating" rink. Hail does ...
tornado5/9/2004
  Q: 1. could tornados possibly fall from the sky because of polar forces? the same that cause lightnig, ...
  A: Those forces would not be strong enough to cause a tornado. #2: Electrons exist in the atmosphere; ...
Lightening5/8/2004
  Q: When I was a small child, about 1941/42, my sister and I were walking down a remote country road. ...
  A: First, it was probably ball lightning. Ball lightning is more random on hit pattern. Regular ...
weather conditions ina valley4/29/2004
  Q: I'm writing a children's picturebook (fiction)and it takes place in a valley at the base of a large ...
  A: I guess I should give you some more info to try to make this mountain effect clearer; take a look ...
jet stream4/26/2004
  Q: how does the jet stream affect weather locally, regionally, and nationally?
  A: The jet stream brings or keeps away storms and or big changes of temperature. For more, see: ...
Weather4/25/2004
  Q: I live in Chicago, just several blocks from Lake Michigan. If its about 40 Degrees where I am, why ...
  A: The lake acts as a warm source in the winter and a cool one in the summer. The 40 degrees in the ...
smell of the sea inland4/20/2004
  Q: I live in south west Scotland, about 40 miles inland. In January I was walking in a conifer forest, ...
  A: What happened was that the precipitation was formed from moisture that was captured over the ocean ...
Barometric Pressure4/14/2004
  Q: I am pulling some archived weather information up for a local city and noticed that there is a large ...
  A: It could be observer error, barometer error, adjustment error, or, more likely, a difference in ...
Weather forcasting 50 years from now4/13/2004
  Q: If you could look into your crystal ball and tell me what the distant future holds for forcasting ...
  A: With satellite and computer and model improvements, weather forecasting will become extremely ...
Becoming A Meteorologist4/11/2004
  Q: Rosenfield, I am 13 years old and in the 7th grade. Pursuing meteorology is my goal. To become a ...
  A: First, do well in school because all courses are important. Math and science are most important as ...
hurricanes3/31/2004
  Q: How can hurricanes cool down the earth? Thanks alot i was readin an article about them cooling down ...
  A: Hurricanes over the ocean cause "upwelling" which brings ccooler sub surface ocean water to the ...
weather3/30/2004
  Q: How is a tornado similar and different then a hurricane? How bad are sandstorms compared to ...
  A: Tornadoes are small scale compared to hurricanes. They both have low barometric pressure and strong ...
weather forecast and sunset question3/7/2004
  Q: Mr. Rosenfeld, Harry, I plan on proposing to my girlfriend in the coming week. She loves sunsets, ...
  A: Forecast for New York City March 11th 6pm: Partly Cloudy, temps near 50, winds light (under 15 mph) ...
Studying Meteorology2/21/2004
  Q: I have a B.S. in Mathematics, and am very interested in studying meteorology. I am having a bit of ...
  A: When you say "New York area", what does that mean in miles? My guess is you would not need more ...
beach1/28/2004
  Q: I live near Los Angeles, typical suburban neighborhood. I don't get to the beach very often and ...
  A: In some beach areas it is true most of the time except in cases of a new airmass moving in with ...
Equator weather1/19/2004
  Q: I have been searching the internet -- but I was unable to come up with a lot of information about ...
  A: It is possible to snow near the equator...and it DOES!! (up high elevations). Take a look at: ...
weather1/4/2004
  Q: How does barometric pressure affect our health (eg. sinus pressure, etc.)?
  A: The weight of air, by varying, does cause changes in our sinuses. Take a look at: ...
Hurricanes11/11/2003
  Q: Rosenfield, Hi. My name is Charles and I live in Bergenfield, NJ, which is 10 miles west of New York ...
  A: I think it's a great idea and I wish you well!! Take a look at: ...
Global Warming10/25/2003
  Q: My daughter is doing a report on "Global Warming and it's Effect on Storms Intensity and Frequency". ...
  A: Sounds like a nice project! Take a look at: ...
WeatherBug8/28/2003
  Q: I downloaded weatherbug on my computer, and i was wondering how accurate it was. thanks! megan
  A: Well, that's a hard question; local observations are only as accurate as the equipment used and ...
Front Tracking8/22/2003
  Q: I am a high school student preparing to do a "science fair" (Virginia Junior Academy of Science, to ...
  A: Let me suggest that the better approach would be to track the low pressure areas because you would ...
barometric pressure8/18/2003
  Q: I know were not gods, but is there a way to raise the barometric pressure in a home. IS there some ...
  A: It is true that sciatica can be affected by low barometric air pressure. Instead of trying to ...
lightening strikes8/11/2003
  Q: I am having a dissagreement with my girlfriend regarding lightening strikes!? She says there are 2 ...
  A: She says there are 2 different types of lightening strikes called sheet and fork: There are cloud ...
weather8/1/2003
  Q: i have had this discussion with a number of people lately and figured I needed a real answer. When ...
  A: It's taken in the shade. If it wasn't, the sunlight would cause a false reading. The air in the ...
wet bulb temp7/19/2003
  Q: at work they use a wet buld temp diff to determine the amount of time in one hour that we need to ...
  A: Wet bulb temperature is the lowest temperature that can be obtained by evaporating water into the ...

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Donald Rosenfeld

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Any questions (except private) answered from the 1st grade level on up pertaining to any aspect of Weather. I am a 20 year member of the American Meteorological society and a long time forecaster of eastern United States snow storms and Hurricanes.

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