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About Clare Redfarn
(Top Expert on this page)

Expertise
All aspects of the academic/theoretical side of music, including harmony, counterpoint, elementary composition, history, harmonic analysis, aural training, sightreading - the lot! Please note: I'm neither a professional composer nor a singing teacher.

Experience
49 years as pianist (professional soloist and accompanist); 34 years as harpsichordist (professional soloist and continuist); 10 years as violinist and 6 years as bassoonist (youth orchestras/chamber groups); 36 years as piano teacher, coach in performance/interpretation (all ages, instruments and levels) and private tutor (mainly the old O'level, Grade VI+ ABRSM theory/practical musicianship, A'level and undergraduates).

Organizations
I've been a member of the Musicians' Union in Britain since 1978.

Publications
I've written many programme notes and a few articles for an online magazine. During the '90s I was also a Music Assessor for London Arts and as such regularly wrote critiques of concerts given by recipients of Arts Council funding.

Education/Credentials
MA in European Cultural Policy & Administration (Warwick University, 1994)
B Mus with Honours (London University, 1977)
Postgraduate Diploma in Arts Administration (City University, 1982)
Licentiate of Royal Academy of Music in Piano Teaching (1976)
Licentiate of Royal Academy of Music in Harpsichord Teaching (1978)

Studied RAM Junior School (1966-74), then as full-time student (1974-78).
   

You are here:  Experts > Music/Performing Arts > Musicians' Exchange > Musical Composition, Theory, Songwriting, and Singing

Questions Answered By Expert  Clare Redfarn 
In Category  Musical Composition, Theory, Songwriting, and Singing

SubjectDate Asked

Programme notes on Kreisler's Variations and Saint Saen's violin concerto9/24/2008
  Q: Redfarn, My son is preparing for his violin exam at ABRSM. He needs to write programme notes on i) ...
  A: Programme notes don't need to be long - I usually think in terms of three paragraphs: composer, ...
Plagal Cadences8/17/2008
  Q: Hey, I'm doing Music Theory by the correspondence school (which is really hard!) I need to write two ...
  A: You don't say whether you're writing 4-part harmony (SATB) or triads in the RH, single notes in the ...
5/38/6/2008
  Q: i understand the I,IV, V,iii, system to represent chords....... I just wasn't following the 5/3 ...
  A: The basis of the Western key system is that: the octave is divided into 12 equal semitones; the two ...
Music theory7/21/2008
  Q: I used to take piano as a kid, when I was 6 years old, up until around 15. During that time, I ...
  A: First of all you need to find out how much theory you remember. If you go to ...
programmae notes for Dip ABRSM7/14/2008
  Q: I am a student about to sit my DipABRSM next month, and I was wondering if you could help with my ...
  A: Programme notes don't need to be long - I usually think in terms of three paragraphs: composer, ...
Music composition7/12/2008
  Q: I'm 18, I'm a singer/guitarist that's been playing for about 5-6 years and I would like to be able ...
  A: If you're going to compose you need an understanding of how music "works". It's the difference ...
Help with transposition please6/25/2008
  Q: In a desperate last minute search, I have come across this website. I am a singer (not classical) ...
  A: Here's what we do. I won't post my private e-address on this forum, but give me yours and I'll ...
theory6/20/2008
  Q: i really dont want to be to much of a bother. just a simpler question while im waiting for your ...
  A: Music scores are very carefully proofread and, particularly where spacing/positioning of notes is ...
theory6/14/2008
  Q: i have come across an x next to a note in the music text i was hoping you could tell me what it ...
  A: It's a double sharp. There are also double flats, written as two flat signs next to each other ...
Icelandic music6/3/2008
  Q: Clare Redfarn, Could you tell me anything about conventions of Icelandic traditional/folk music? ...
  A: and thanks for being patient. The simple answer to your question is "no", so I did some research. ...
theory6/1/2008
  Q: if a piece of music is in the key signature of 'c'sharp minor, and you come to an 'e'sharp note ,do ...
  A: If your piece has four sharps as its key signature, then you're either in E major or C# minor. ...
harmony in textures other than 4 part vocal5/8/2008
  Q: I've have an advanced understanding of harmony but only as it operates in 4 part vocal textures, as ...
  A: I understand the problem all right, but I'm not sure how motivated you are to put things right. ...
harmony in textures other than 4 part vocal5/4/2008
  Q: I've have an advanced understanding of harmony but only as it operates in 4 part vocal textures, as ...
  A: You've asked me this question before, or something similar. I sent you a follow-up to my original ...
Musical notation - slurs4/1/2008
  Q: My daughter is studying for her Grade 5 flute in the UK. Her teacher has never seen the slur mark ...
  A: I've never come across this and neither has my mother, who's been a musician for 75 years! I can ...
singing lessons3/29/2008
  Q: I would like to find in London some cheap singing lessons for medieval renaisance and barroc music.I ...
  A: You need to visit your local library, which should have a list of singing teachers in your area. ...
Notation of Triads/Chords3/13/2008
  Q: I'm a student at Berklee, and going through my books I still can't find out the answer to my ...
  A: The rule with notes and stems is that if the stem points up the note heads are to its left, and if ...
Sounds Sour to me2/22/2008
  Q: My name is Alex and I just wanted to ask you,my friend is getting a friend to invest in him.His ...
  A: Alex, if your friend is going to work as a professional musician he needs to join a union. Here in ...
composition2/21/2008
  Q: ok so i have to compose an 8-bar chorale with the following requirements: 4 part harmony, 4/4 time ...
  A: I must say I'm surprised that you're not given at least one part because normally at your level ...
two part writing2/20/2008
  Q: can u tell me about two part piano accampaniment writing. this is 4 my trinity grade 8 paper. mainly ...
  A: I'm sorry but I'm still confused - I'm guessing from your name that English isn't your first ...
two part writing2/19/2008
  Q: can u tell me about two part piano accampaniment writing. this is 4 my trinity grade 8 paper. mainly ...
  A: I've had a look at past exam papers on the Trinity website and they seem straightforward enough. ...
Name of a particular type of sone2/16/2008
  Q: In the (Irving Berlin?)song between Ethel Merman (and Donald O'Connor?)which begins with O'Connor's ...
  A: I don't know the song you mention but your description is clear. It's a duet where two melodies are ...
Minor Keys = Sad12/14/2007
  Q: Why do we associate minor keys with sadness? Do non-Westerners hear minor keys the same way? Do ...
  A: I teach music and movement to three- and four-year-olds. It's very basic stuff - marching/clapping ...
Programme notes for Mozart's Sonata in Bb K 378, rondeau.12/2/2007
  Q: I'm 18, doing Trinity ATCL violin exam this December and having trouble finding some programme notes ...
  A: If you scroll down my profile, click on "more questions answered" and read the post called "help ...
name of a type of duet11/21/2007
  Q: Is there a special name for the type of duet where both artists are singing 2 entirely different ...
  A: No, I don't think so (and I've been thinking about this all day). I can think of a number of ...
how to write a song and where u starT?11/12/2007
  Q: I want to know how to write a song and where u should start to learn all this songwriting? plz help
  A: If you're going to compose a song you need an understanding of how music "works". It's the ...
Music and theory psychoacoustics11/11/2007
  Q: The following information might help you to understand my doubts.over the last one year I have ...
  A: It's no good, David, you've lost me. I've just read the Wikipedia article on "psychoacoustics" ...
music motifs modes11/2/2007
  Q: I am a professor of Medicine[ Evidence Based Medicine]. My college is in a village in Southern ...
  A: David, you must have given up hope of hearing from me. I'm so sorry - the silly season has started ...
music motifs modes10/29/2007
  Q: I am a professor of Medicine[ Evidence Based Medicine]. My college is in a village in Southern ...
  A: David, I'm sorry I haven't got back to you before now but I've had an exceptionally heavy week ...
music motifs modes10/27/2007
  Q: I am a professor of Medicine[ Evidence Based Medicine]. My college is in a village in Southern ...
  A: Anyone studying music seriously needs to acquire a thorough understanding of its theory. If you're ...
help with programme notes10/18/2007
  Q: I am a student about to sit my ATCL next month, and I was wondering if you could help with my ...
  A: Programme notes don't need to be long - I usually think in terms of three paragraphs: composer, ...
Scales8/12/2007
  Q: Ive been reading about scales and cycle of Vths. I understand all of it, but what is missing from my ...
  A: It's all down to the mathematics of music, discovered by Pythagoras around 550BCE. The ...
Song in E minor7/19/2007
  Q: I am writing a song in the key of E minor and I am not sure where to go with it. I need another ...
  A: Let's go through the degrees of the scale in turn. Supertonic = F# minor - not a good idea. Forget ...
Music Notation7/18/2007
  Q: I'm a beginning adult piano student. My question involves these notes I see in the bass staff of ...
  A: This is a shorthand way of writing legato tremolo. You alternate between the two joined minims for ...
rhythm6/23/2007
  Q: Please help me out with this drill which doesnt make me sleep anymore! If it is too difficult for ...
  A: Your question didn't make a whole lot of sense at first reading. From the sound of it, the bar has ...
The minor scale, and grouping of notes5/20/2007
  Q: I am studying music theory at the moment and hope to reach grade 8 by the end of the year. I have ...
  A: The minor scale differs from the major scale in three places: the 3rd, 6th and 7th degrees are minor ...
Vocal Range5/7/2007
  Q: I'm 17 years old and I have been singing in my school choir for the past 3 years. I also have been ...
  A: Carolyn, I've only just read your question (Friday morning) as I've spent the whole week being ill ...
Beethoven's quartets3/29/2007
  Q: in which Beethoven's string quartet the music seems to quote the German : Ich muss nicht " (I ...
  A: You're thinking of the final movement of his last quartet, Op 135, which was also the last work he ...
composition help3/26/2007
  Q: I have a question. My band, (we will be famous someday) and I do not know where to go from where we ...
  A: and thanks for being patient, Anyone studying music seriously needs to acquire a thorough ...
Thanks3/22/2007
  Q: I am replying in the 'ask a question section' because, for some reason, it won't allow me to ...
  A: The Imperial March has a 4/4 time signature and you were playing 8 crotchets to the bar, eh? Sounds ...
sustain pedal3/17/2007
  Q: I was very pleased with your response to my first question so I am back to ask another. Let me just ...
  A: I've got hold of the first pages Across the Stars and Duel of the Fates, but that's all you get with ...
sustain pedal3/15/2007
  Q: I was very pleased with your response to my first question so I am back to ask another. Let me just ...
  A: One of the most common faults I come across as a teacher is over-pedalling. Remember, you use the ...
stravinsky's major work3/13/2007
  Q: 1.what are stravinsky's major works? 2.what do you think about his compositions? 3.How it apply ...
  A: Major works (off the top of my head): Firebird, Petrushka, Rite of Spring, Soldier's Tale, ...
Menuet and Trio modulations3/12/2007
  Q: I was wondering if you could help me understand the menuet and trio form more clearly. I am not ...
  A: The minuet is in triple time and an unhurried tempo - early minuets start on the first beat of the ...
early, medieval, renaissance, and baroque music3/11/2007
  Q: i am having a really hard time finding the answers to my questions. can you please help me!! 1. ...
  A: and thanks for being patient. I'm not answering your homework questions for you, but I'll give you ...
merging two songs3/9/2007
  Q: Can you tell me how I can merge two songs ( Lullaby of Braodway and On Broadway) to be performed ...
  A: If you're going to sing two songs concurrently then they must share a common harmonic structure, ...
notation2/13/2007
  Q: I appreciate the detailed response. I've asked this question to a few other experts as well, and I ...
  A: Jon, and thanks for being patient - this week has been manic. Out of curiousity I had a look at ...
notation2/9/2007
  Q: I learned to play the piano as a child, but am only now (at age 19) starting to learn more advanced ...
  A: Scales and arpeggios are the building blocks of all Western music, which is why we learn them. When ...
Piano Sheet Music1/31/2007
  Q: Perhaps you've experienced this same thing. You hear a great piano track and you desperately want to ...
  A: My heart sank when I started reading your question! Transcribing music exactly is a terrible job. ...
Phrases1/3/2007
  Q: Please help me with this annoying drill in my head.. If in a piece of music, say a vocal one, you ...
  A: and Happy New Year to you too. It's neither. "Question and answer" means the two phrases are ...
MUSIC THEORY12/20/2006
  Q: COULE YOU HELP ME OUT WITH THESE QUESTION THEY ARE VERY HARD A strongly stressed beat is often ...
  A: Because I'm a wonderful, kind-hearted person <g> I don't mind helping you with your end of term ...
the major scales12/18/2006
  Q: e.why we have to write the scale of g major or c major ?? its a bit confusing many thanks john:)
  A: All Western music is based on a key system that originated in the latter half of the 16th century, ...
Harmonies12/11/2006
  Q: Clare, you are absolutely incredible! If I had HALF the knowledge you have, I would be on the charts ...
  A: I do strongly recommend that you take theory classes rather than trying to teach yourself, and if at ...
Harmonies12/5/2006
  Q: I am decent at singing my own harmonies after recording, but instead of 'hugging' the lead ...
  A: I've never heard the Indigo Girls but from your description it sounds as if you want to learn to ...
Modulations11/28/2006
  Q: I am trying to write a 16 bar theme with a modulation. What are the best ways to modulate and why? I ...
  A: If you're writing 16 bars, that's four 4-bar phrases. The first one establishes your sense of the ...
chord progression11/17/2006
  Q: how can I find the best chord progressions to fit the mood of the lyrics? example: I'm writing a ...
  A: Anyone studying music seriously needs to acquire a thorough understanding of its theory. If you're ...
Musical Vocals11/1/2006
  Q: I usually compose instrumental pieces, however after playing in many orchestra pits for local shows ...
  A: Well, if you've got a mixed chorus you can write for as many parts as you like. You can have the ...
how to pull emotions from chords9/23/2006
  Q: answered where he stated "if you are writing chords and melodies to existing lyrics (your own or ...
  A: In other words, what musical devices can a composer use to trigger an emotional response? That's a ...
Minor sixth9/14/2006
  Q: I have been trying to come up with a song to associate with a minor sixth, and I CANNOT come up with ...
  A: Are you old enough to remember a film that came out in 1970 called Love Story? It starred Ryan ...
How to become a gud singer9/14/2006
  Q: Respected Sir/Madam pls. explain 2 me abt the technical aspects of a song and also about how to ...
  A: I'm sorry but I'm not going to be able to help you much. I'm not sure what you mean by the ...
rewriting time signatures8/22/2006
  Q: I’m currently trying to prepare my daughter for a music theory exam. We are currently having a ...
  A: The purpose of this question is to find out if you really understand about simple and compound time ...
Question on Harmonising a Melody8/20/2006
  Q: I am an amateur composer, and I know a bit of theory, and I know how to harmonise melodies. ...
  A: Before you tackle harmonisation it's vitally important to have a thorough understanding of ...
Melody writing and modulation8/16/2006
  Q: I am working on Trinity Grade 6 music theory, and grappling with melody writing beyond the simple ...
  A: The two skills you need to acquire as quickly as possible are a) inner hearing and b) thinking ...
Key signatures - flats and sharps8/9/2006
  Q: I noticed that some key signatures have up to seven sharps/flats. How does this work? How can there ...
  A: and thanks for being patient. When you start piano lessons you begin by learning the names of the ...
Different scale over each chord7/18/2006
  Q: I'm working on a metal song with a power chord progression of e5 f5 c5 b5. Would it make sense to do ...
  A: Well no, it wouldn't make sense, but then none of it does. If you don't know Chinese, there's no ...
Scalar Movements7/4/2006
  Q: I have a firm grasp on all the modes of the major scale on the guitar. I also have a descent ...
  A: and thank you for being patient. It's been a long, hard week. Your problem, and it's one shared by ...
Chord proggression6/28/2006
  Q: Can you tell me the chord proggression to Bobby Vintons song I love how you love me?
  A: I haven't heard Bobby Vinton singing this song, but I've listened to the midi file of it at ...
Cadential Points6/6/2006
  Q: A question about part of the abrsm grade 5 theory exam. The background. The syllabus requires “the ...
  A: and thanks for being patient. Don't worry, you're answering the question correctly. The wording ...
simple question5/27/2006
  Q: could you tell me what's the difference between motete and cantate? thank you gabrielle
  A: Well, the easiest way to define them is: a motet is a sacred madrigal, and a cantata is an unstaged ...
Non chord tones4/25/2006
  Q: I was surfing the web and stumbled upon your web site and wondered if you could answer a nagging ...
  A: A 2-3 suspension isn't the same as a 4-3 suspension, and the bass doesn't move in either case. The ...
counterpoint4/5/2006
  Q: first of all i want you to know i am self-taught. i've been reading some books on counterpoint and ...
  A: Anyone studying music seriously needs to acquire a thorough understanding of its theory. If you're ...
S.t.3/24/2006
  Q: Yes thank you it is Bachs Tocaata and Fugue in MinorI was wondering, when i was looking at this bach ...
  A: I'm sorry for the very long wait but it's taken me ages to get my hands on a score. I'm not 100% ...
chromatic usage to every degree3/20/2006
  Q: ... not to beat a dead horse but i think i may not have been terribly clear on my ideal..... all the ...
  A: Zach, you must have given up hope of hearing from me by now. I'm so sorry. I'm an ...
chromatic usage to every degree3/17/2006
  Q: i have been playing guitar (and subsequently have learned a bit of piano too) and was wondering if ...
  A: Well, for a start there are two blindingly fundamental errors in your attempt at E minor, there's no ...
What makes a song/artist last?3/7/2006
  Q: (This is a school project. The answer can be technical or your expert opinion--anything!) What is it ...
  A: I'm so sorry you've had to wait such a long time for my response but I was laid off for just over a ...
Electronic music forms3/2/2006
  Q: Double Click is actually in a compilation called "Israel´s Psychedelic Trance vol.5", of 2001 so ...
  A: Eduardo, Clare's ill. She's been laid up in bed with an extremely nasty dose of flu all week and ...
Electronic music forms3/2/2006
  Q: my name´s Eduardo and I´m a 21-year-old music producer living in Sao Paulo, Brazil. I have a good ...
  A: Well, you're right, I'm a classical musician and I've never heard of Infected Mushroom, but I'm ...
theory related question....2/19/2006
  Q: my name is John and ive been playing the guitar for 6 months, I know my scales but other than that I ...
  A: If you don't know Chinese, there's no use my giving you an English-Chinese dictionary and asking you ...
Composition2/11/2006
  Q: Just to make clear, Absolute pitch is more important, and don't learn relative pitch? Thanks Hi, ...
  A: NO! I mean the exact opposite! Relative pitch is absolutely fundamental to a musician. The basis ...
Composition2/8/2006
  Q: I was wondering what good internet sites and books are there on learning complete music thoery, I ...
  A: Can I say at the outset that possessing absolute (which is the term I prefer to “perfect” as being ...
major/minor1/29/2006
  Q: I know the difference between major and minor scales, but I don't know how to tell if a piece is in ...
  A: Look out for the sharpened leading note. The sharpened 7th note is an important part of the minor ...
hi clare. flip again. i...1/27/2006
  Q: flip again. i have 2 responses from you but i can't view either one of them due to micorsoft ...
  A: I'm doing my best! Apparently you don't exist ... The original message was received at Fri, 27 Jan ...
------------------------- ...1/25/2006
  Q: i kinda feel like i'm asking a hammer to kill a fly cuz all i want to know is, are there any cool ...
  A: Oh, you may not have seen a harpsichord but you've certainly heard one. Lurch the butler used to ...
hi. i kinda feel like i'm...1/23/2006
  Q: i kinda feel like i'm asking a hammer to kill a fly cuz all i want to know is, are there any cool ...
  A: ALL classical music is cool <g>! The term covers about 500 years' worth of music so what period are ...
how do I start learning composistion?1/20/2006
  Q: Before I get to my question, I figure you would probably want some backround information on my ...
  A: I don't know whether you're following any particular theory syllabus, but from the sound of it ...
E minor/G Major scale1/14/2006
  Q: Im doing a music production analysis piece on Breathe by Pink Floyd and I have a question with ...
  A: I've found a MIDI file of a Pink Floyd piece called Breathe in the Air at ...
music scale theory1/9/2006
  Q: I'm trying to figure out a way to explain the music scale and theory to a group of high school ...
  A: Minor keys. Every major scale has a relative minor, which shares the same key signature. You find ...
music theory12/17/2005
  Q: I am sure I saw a programme on TV which talked about how the notes that we use in modern music were ...
  A: If we take the term "art music" to refer to the music common to an entire culture, (as opposed to ...
Analysis problems12/16/2005
  Q: I'm not sure if you recieved the question after the first one, but it was concerning the chords in ...
  A: Yes, I did get your follow-up question and I'm sorry you've had to wait so long for an answer. The ...
Analysis Woes12/13/2005
  Q: Please disregard the previous question and let me get straight to the point. In the piece "Ase's ...
  A: I think (and I've spent the last half hour checking my beloved Prout and Morris to confirm this) ...
Scale composition12/9/2005
  Q: I am studying music, and scales/modes in particular, and I have a question that I can't seem to get ...
  A: The mistake you're making is in assuming that music is a branch of mathematics; it isn't. It's a ...
Composition Help for GCSE12/4/2005
  Q: I need to write a ternary form composition for my GCSE. I have written my first section, which is in ...
  A: Well, it depends on how confident you feel about handling modulation. You could stick to any of the ...
doubling modal tones in inversions12/2/2005
  Q: Let me rephrase my question. I knew all of the information that you gave me already. When you are ...
  A: My apologies for misunderstanding you but I've never heard of dividing the scale into tonal and ...
doubling modal tones in inversions11/29/2005
  Q: I know that one does not, in the common practice era, double the modal tone when dealing with first ...
  A: I'm sorry, but I don't understand your question. What do you mean by "modal tone"? Do you mean the ...
theory of pentatonic scales11/4/2005
  Q: i am teacher of music theories & rudiments.i just want to know about the chinese music theory in ...
  A: I can't help you with Chinese music theory as I only know about Western music. I've found you some ...
Deaf singing10/25/2005
  Q: To Ms. Redfarn, I am a partially deaf person from birth, but have a hearing aid. I've also been in a ...
  A: I've been doing some research - did you know that Michael Bolton is deaf in one ear? I didn't. And ...
BEETHOVEN'S SYMPHONY No. 710/20/2005
  Q: BEETHOVEN'S SYMPHONY No.7 ,Op.92 IS IN A MAJOR. THE THIRD MOVEMENT-PRESTO-IS IN F MAJOR. THE A ...
  A: Bear in mind I'm not a clarinettist so what I know about the instrument is purely theoretical. ...
Transcriptions10/6/2005
  Q: I would be delighted to have the rest of the Brian McKnight transcription if you were willing to ...
  A: A piece can't be said to be in a key unless you have established its tonic by introducing a dominant ...
Transcriptions10/5/2005
  Q: I have completed two degrees in Chemistry and have found that: A lot of the coursework could have ...
  A: It depends how accurate you want your transcriptions to be. One of my first jobs when I was a ...
Programme notes for Kreisler10/2/2005
  Q: I'm 14, doing Trinity ATCL violin exam this October and having trouble finding some programme notes ...
  A: How many words are you required to write? Programme notes don't need to be long, say roughly three ...
What's the best book on learning composition you recommend?9/22/2005
  Q: May I ask which is the best book on learning how to compose that you've ever read? Thank you for ...
  A: Anyone studying music seriously needs to acquire a thorough understanding of its theory. If you're ...
Theory9/13/2005
  Q: I would like to make my own song and I'm using these chords G,D,C,F#dim From my understanding: when ...
  A: If you don't know Chinese, there's no use my giving you an English-Chinese dictionary and asking you ...
Composition and Logic Pro 78/27/2005
  Q: I've been a musician since 11 years now playing percussions. Now I'd like to start in the field of ...
  A: Anyone studying music seriously needs to acquire a thorough understanding of its theory. If you're ...
Music Theory8/25/2005
  Q: What is it called when a single piece of music changes from one style to another?
  A: It's not called anything as far as I know - you'd simply refer to the various sections of the piece. ...
Vocal range8/24/2005
  Q: I have been singing/performing for many many years. Just recently I've been challenging myself, ...
  A: I'm afraid I can't help you as I don't know anything about vocal training. You need to speak to a ...
Theme and Variation8/22/2005
  Q: I was wondering if you could tell me the different ways to vary a theme, as the only ones I am able ...
  A: I've been thinking about this on the long bus ride home, and have come up with the following: a) ...
theory question8/9/2005
  Q: Although I dont fully understand the answer to my first question yet(im sure your explanation is ...
  A: I'm not surprised you didn't fully understand about modulation. It *was* a perfectly clear, ...
theory question8/8/2005
  Q: I have just started learning music theory recently and I have two questions. In this page: ...
  A: If you don't know Chinese, there's no use my giving you an English-Chinese dictionary and asking you ...
Time Signature7/23/2005
  Q: I have a piece I'm playing that says a whole note=120bpm but the song is in cut time, so would the ...
  A: You're confusing the number of beats in the bar, the value of those beats and the speed of the beat. ...
songwriting7/15/2005
  Q: I play the guitar and Im a vocalist ,and is very eager to learn how to compose songs with it. I have ...
  A: Anyone studying music seriously needs to acquire a thorough understanding of its theory. If you're ...
Harmony in Fourth or Fifth7/1/2005
  Q: I am a musician and love harmony in 4ths or 5ths but it is very hard to find any well stabilished ...
  A: Have you looked at the Impressionists, in particular Debussy? He frequently uses parallel 5ths in ...
orchestra p.36/28/2005
  Q: and thanks again for getting back to me especially with your busy schedule. I understand that an ...
  A: and thanks for waiting. Phew, what a week! I've read over what I've already written and I've ...
orchestra p.26/25/2005
  Q: I will take your advise into consideration. Just a couple of things though. One, I dont understand ...
  A: To answer your second question first, I'm not saying your piece isn't an orchestral composition - of ...
orchestra6/22/2005
  Q: You were very helpful. I am not a conductor nor do i know anything about it. Ive never gone to any ...
  A: So you don't want to conduct your own orchestra - you want the chance to hear an existing orchestra ...
imagry6/21/2005
  Q: See below..I've noticed something in common with my favorite musicans, and I'm wondering if there is ...
  A: I've heard of synaesthesia but I didn't think what you described was it. You're talking about ...
Composition6/20/2005
  Q: I'm interested in learning composition but i am a bit confused about the subjects of study that are ...
  A: If you don't know Chinese, there's no use my giving you an English-Chinese dictionary and asking you ...
orchestra6/19/2005
  Q: I was just wondering if you know how i can go about starting my own orchestra? Thanks -mike
  A: Well, you advertise for players. You're not going to get professional musicians (unless you're ...
MUSICAL COMPOSITION6/13/2005
  Q: im jonathan from peru, my question is aobut muscical composition, i know about, intervals and scales ...
  A: Anyone studying music seriously needs to acquire a thorough understanding of its theory. If you're ...
still have harmonic frustrations6/8/2005
  Q: I'm confused by your PS, by the way. The Lydian mode is nothing like the melodic minor scale. What ...
  A: I've just sung through Penny Lane, and there's no modulation in it. There's a key change in it, but ...
imagry6/7/2005
  Q: I've noticed something in common with my favorite musicans, and I'm wondering if there is a term for ...
  A: I've heard of Terry Riley but not Adam Jones. I've read a bit about them both on the Net but ...
still have harmonic frustrations6/4/2005
  Q: I'm confused by your PS, by the way. The Lydian mode is nothing like the melodic minor scale. What ...
  A: I don't know what they taught you at uni, but the sooner you start learning theory properly, the ...
would like to know everything about function of chords in a key6/2/2005
  Q: Followup To Question - If you listen to just about any rock song, in any given key, the chords ...
  A: Anyone studying music needs to acquire a thorough understanding of its theory. If you're going to ...
Musical Terminology5/29/2005
  Q: I would like as complete (as possible) a list of musical terms that are synonymous with "response". ...
  A: Well, let's start with a single melodic line. If you play a phrase and then repeat it exactly, it's ...
distances5/27/2005
  Q: What's the difference between the distance of do-diez and Re-bemol? I mean the distance between do ...
  A: The distance between do and re bemol is a minor 2nd, you're right, but it's also a semitone. So is ...
would like to know everything about function of chords in a key5/26/2005
  Q: If you listen to just about any rock song, in any given key, the chords played are nearly always the ...
  A: No problem, ask me what you like. The only reason I said I'm rushed off my feet (apart from the ...
The Troublesome 2/2 vs. 2/4 Question5/25/2005
  Q: I'm so embarrassed to ask this question; hopefully it's one you've heard so often you've developed a ...
  A: Oh, the exams are going as usual - last-minute panic as students realise they've maybe left it a bit ...
how to learn scales5/24/2005
  Q: I have been told by my teacher to memorise my scales. She has explained to me how to play the ...
  A: Okay, minor scales. Every major scale has a relative minor, which shares the same key signature. ...
would like to everything about function of chords in a key5/24/2005
  Q: If you listen to just about any rock song, in any given key, the chords played are nearly always the ...
  A: I don't listen to rock music much but the D-C-G-C riff seems familiar, and you're right when you say ...
russian nationalism5/7/2005
  Q: I'm doing some research on Shostakovich's fourth symphony and I'm looking into why he didn't release ...
  A: I've been looking at websites and the following look useful: ...
Composing a song with several instruments5/6/2005
  Q: ive been studying music theory over the internet (musictheory.net) and i love it. I'm an artistic ...
  A: It'll help you to come to grips with transposing instruments if you understand why they transpose in ...
Giving music emotion?5/1/2005
  Q: I'm a beginning composer with no training & know just the basics of how to play piano/keyboard.I ...
  A: If you don't know Chinese, there's no use my giving you an English-Chinese dictionary and asking you ...
Wagner5/1/2005
  Q: I hate to be the one to tell you, you sound like a serious person, but a french sixth is a ...
  A: An augmented sixth is *not* the same as a diminished seventh, so a chord built around an augmented ...
Wagner4/30/2005
  Q: An analysis of the first vertical sonority of Tristan, please.
  A: It's a French sixth on the submediant decorated with a chromatic appoggiatura, which resolves onto ...
composing for orchestras4/28/2005
  Q: I want to compose a work for a whole orchestra, but I lost my sheet that says what the relationships ...
  A: I ran a web search for "transposing instruments" and came up with a useful list on ...
V7 - I resolution in the minor key4/17/2005
  Q: I know it is possible to put the leading tone in an inner voice and frustrate the resolution by ...
  A: The rule, in both major and minor keys, is that the leading note resolves up to the tonic. Usually ...
Music Composition3/21/2005
  Q: Ms. Redfarn I am currently 23yrs. old. My journey through the world of music began in grade school ...
  A: Anyone studying music seriously needs to acquire a thorough understanding of its theory. If you're ...
Opinion needed per 2 lines of my song/poem..........3/18/2005
  Q: Clare: My wife and I have been having 180 degree difference about 2 line parts in the chorus of a ...
  A: I'm flattered that you should ask my opinion, but I'm not sure why. This isn't a question about ...
chord harmony, bridges, key changes3/3/2005
  Q: It's hard for me to put this into technical terms, but I'll do my best. I've been a guitar player ...
  A: If you don't know Chinese, there's no use my giving you an English-Chinese dictionary and asking you ...
Read a score2/26/2005
  Q: I think I follow you.. Are you aware of any method books or texts that might give me a little focus? ...
  A: No, I can't personally recommend any coursebooks but I've had a quick look at amazon.co.uk and there ...
romantic style music2/23/2005
  Q: i have to compose a piece of music in a romantic period style but im not sure how to compose like ...
  A: You don't say what instrumentation you're composing for but I'm assuming the piece is short - if ...
symphony questions2/22/2005
  Q: what are the four movements in a symphony and why and what about the 18th century enabled ...
  A: Start your essay by mentioning the Italian "sinfonia" or opera overture, which by 1700 was in three ...
counterpoint2/13/2005
  Q: I just wanted to know what the actual definition of counterpoint is, i haven't been able to find a ...
  A: Counterpoint is the art of adding to a given melody one or more other melodies, above or below, in ...
CHORDS AND MELODY2/13/2005
  Q: I am currently trying to teach myself to play the piano. As I try day after day I can 't help to ...
  A: If you don't know Chinese, there's no use my giving you an English-Chinese dictionary and asking you ...
music theory/mathmatic statistic2/10/2005
  Q: Clare: I have thought about this for a while. Considering there are a finite number of notes in ...
  A: Music isn't a series of mathematical formulae, it's a language, constantly developing, evolving, ...
music theory/mathmatic statistic2/6/2005
  Q: Clare: I have thought about this for a while. Considering there are a finite number of notes in ...
  A: If you put an infinite number of monkeys with an infinite number of typewriters in a room for an ...
schillinger system of composition2/1/2005
  Q: I am very interested in learning about about the schillinger system of composition, what do you ...
  A: I ran a websearch and came up with http://fusionanomaly.net/josephschillinger.html and ...
Music Harmony1/11/2005
  Q: How can I put Harmony with melody? That is, if I have the melody already, is there an easy way of ...
  A: Music is a language with its own grammar and syntax, and if you're going to compose you need to ...
advance harmony1/3/2005
  Q: i am jess and i teach music composition but i have poor knowledge on advance harmony subject.. can ...
  A: I follow the Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music syllabus but now only take pupils who ...
Learning Theory12/13/2004
  Q: My question is, What is the best way to go about learning Music THeory? I have been ...
  A: Music theory is the grammar and syntax upon which Western music is constructed. The basis of our ...
Random notes vs. scale patterns12/10/2004
  Q: I'm always challenged when it comes to writing a guitar solo for a song. I write mostly 70's-80's ...
  A: I haven't a clue what the characteristics of 70s-80s rock music are - I'm a classical musician - so ...
counterpoint12/9/2004
  Q: I've recently (for the past month) been listening to the fugues from the well tempered clavier. As ...
  A: When you study music theory, you first learn to recognise something by eye and ear (which is why ...
Composing12/6/2004
  Q: How do you compose a composition with strong classical themes in it?
  A: The three inseparable and interdependent elements of music are rhythm, melody and harmony, and all ...
Theory: Scales12/5/2004
  Q: .. wondering if you could point me in the right direction... I'm at a low level of theory ...
  A: All Western music regardless of genre - classical, heavy metal, C&W, jazz, whatever - is based on a ...
live performance11/25/2004
  Q: please could you describe the main functions and provide a breakdown of the different job roles in ...
  A: I only know about classical music, and in the classical music business there are ...
Variations11/18/2004
  Q: Are there any typical ways to create variations on a piece of music?
  A: For variations to "work" their relationship to the original theme has to be apparent ie no matter ...
actual requirements and methods of marking Associated Board Grade VI VII VIII11/7/2004
  Q: Im trying to write some detailed theory notes that colour code for the things needed in different ...
  A: Since you're following the Associated Board syllabus, the best place to start is the Associated ...
Night on a Bare Mountain by Modest Mussorgsky10/24/2004
  Q: Can you tell me the actual story of A Night on a Bare Mountain as I find it Impossible to find it on ...
  A: and thanks for the nomination, I've got a couple more useful sites for you. ...
bad transition10/22/2004
  Q: I've been writting a rock/alternative/punk/emo/whatever song lol. I have determined that these ...
  A: The basis of the Western key system is that: the octave is divided into 12 equal semitones; the two ...
Counterpoint10/20/2004
  Q: I am a bassist of 8 years and the past couple years I've been studying Jazz. I never knew what ...
  A: If you've played any trad jazz, then you've played counterpoint. It's the art of adding to a given ...
composing terminology10/16/2004
  Q: I thought writing a melody has no formula, but in classical music, they speak of " melody-building ...
  A: The problem with answering your question like this is that I can't demonstrate on the piano or ...
C Minor, D Major, etc.10/15/2004
  Q: I am really new to music and I was wondering what does it mean when they say like "in G Major" or in ...
  A: Any subject - music, maths, geography, whatever - has its distinctive terminology and it's important ...
about counterpoint10/14/2004
  Q: I understand what is harmony. A simple example in C major if i play the notes C- D -E I can ...
  A: "Harmonisation" is the art of fitting appropriate and effective chords as an accompaniment to a ...
Can you tell me anything about...10/7/2004
  Q: Can you tell me anything about the "Mozart Effect"
  A: I'd heard of the Mozart Effect but didn't know much about it so I've had a look at a few websites. ...
How do you notate harp music?9/30/2004
  Q: Umm... Well, actually, the same as the subject. I know there are pedals and stuff, but how do you ...
  A: The concert harp has a six and a half octave range (nearly the same as the piano), from C three ...
Music Theory9/15/2004
  Q: I'm a drummer who has been playing for the past fifteen years. Recently I've begun to realize how ...
  A: I've been asked about music theory books before on this site, and the problem is that American and ...
It, Fr, Gr and Neapolitan 6ths9/15/2004
  Q: What is a relatively easy way to learn It, Fr, Gr and Neapolitan 6ths?
  A: Take what my pupils refer to as the Euro-sixths first. They're three versions of the same augmented ...
quesion9/8/2004
  Q: What is Harmony and tone color.Answer me in very easy and simple words please. thankyou!
  A: Western music is based on a key system where the octave is divided into 12 equal semitones; the two ...
Compositional techniques9/6/2004
  Q: I am looking for some advice on compositional techniques in the style of Bach and Haydn - do you ...
  A: I'm confused by the last part of your question since Bach (1685-1750) and Haydn (1732-1809) were ...
Counterpoint problems.9/4/2004
  Q: I am a 2o year old man, who is looking to learn about counterpoint, I know about chord ...
  A: In order to write good counterpoint you need to think vertically as well as horizontally ie you need ...
Music Composition and Computers9/2/2004
  Q: I came across this website and figured I might as well make the best of it! I am currently a ...
  A: If you're going to get anywhere as a musician, let alone a composer, you must be able to hear ...
theory of harmony9/1/2004
  Q: I've just found the allexperts site and have spent a wonderful morning surfing around. To explain ...
  A: You're lucky to be able to harmonise instinctively - my grandmother and her two sisters could, and ...
Harmony8/24/2004
  Q: my friend and I are attempting to learn more about compossing. The only problem is that I have so ...
  A: Music is a language with its own grammar and syntax, and if you're going to compose you need to ...
music composition8/16/2004
  Q: i'm a 17 year old artist with interests of producing my own music, there is one problem, i'm ...
  A: All Western music, regardless of its type (whether it's art music, rock 'n' roll, jazz, hip-hop or ...
Musical Form/Composition8/15/2004
  Q: I was wondering if you would help me. I have just one small question. I was wondering if you knew ...
  A: The earliest function of instrumental music was to accompany dancing and singing - music for pure ...
A composers 'voice'8/6/2004
  Q: and that is why I have come to you again for more information. Before you mentioned about a good ...
  A: I'm back at last. Sorry for the long delay. If you've followed what I've said so far, you'll see ...
Part writing8/5/2004
  Q: I just wanted to check something. The vi chord although following the V wasn't part of a cadence (I ...
  A: I've checked in Morris (Oxford Harmony), Kitson (Elementary Harmony), Thiman (Guide to Elementary ...
Part writing8/3/2004
  Q: Hope you're well. It's been a while since I've needed to ask a question, but I've recently started ...
  A: good to hear from you. The answer to your first question is yes, you must. It's an interrupted ...
music7/25/2004
  Q: Do you have any suggestions as to how I can get better at conducting(how I can figure out if song's ...
  A: This should be easy. The first beat of the bar is stressed more than the others so you need to ...
Accounting For Taste7/13/2004
  Q: What subconscious or physiological component differentiates consonance from dissonance?
  A: If you play a major triad followed by a minor triad to children aged 3+ and ask them what the ...
Piano vs. Harpsichord etc.6/18/2004
  Q: What are the differences between touch on the piano, harpsichord, clavichord, and organ? I've heard ...
  A: To begin with, the piano and clavichord are touch-sensitive and the harpsichord and organ aren't. ...
song writing6/16/2004
  Q: i'm opening a performing arts school in july and one of the sections i would like to work on is song ...
  A: Performing arts students study drama, dance and music, is that right? I'm unclear how much music ...
aural training6/15/2004
  Q: what sort of voice exercises is suitable for mixed voices-choir?
  A: A lot depends on your choir members - are they trained singers, or musical but untrained (ie they ...
theory books6/11/2004
  Q: Clara, how are you? I'm thinking of going back to college after about 20 years away from a music ...
  A: The first thing is to find out how much theory you know or remember, so get onto the Associated ...
Classical Structure6/8/2004
  Q: Classical piano concerti often end the cadenza with a scale run followed by a trill in a ...
  A: The scale and trill themselves don't have a name as they're not particularly significant (the trill ...
The fall and the lift?5/20/2004
  Q: I was recently listening to a beautiful song by Rufus Wainwright called Hallelujah. In it he ...
  A: I've never heard of Rufus Wainwright but I gather this song appears in "Shrek", is that right? ...
harmony for new learners5/14/2004
  Q: How does one write harmony?
  A: Harmonisation is the art of fitting appropriate and effective chords as an accompaniment to a melody ...
School fight songs5/12/2004
  Q: I work in a University Athletic department and we are looking at incorporating a fight song (we ...
  A: The simple answer is that I've no idea whether such a genre as a fight song exists - I've never ...
trouble getting started!5/10/2004
  Q: im in nairobi kenya.ive done music up to high school.problem is i cant seem to be able to get ...
  A: You say you've studied music in school but you don't say whether you're following some kind of ...
sonata form5/9/2004
  Q: Please give a description of sonata form
  A: Sonata form is also known as first movement form because it's the form used for first movements of ...
Counting5/4/2004
  Q: How in the world do you count 32nd and 64th notes?
  A: You'll find complicated rhythms easy if you get out of the habit of counting and start feeling the ...
Composing Music4/30/2004
  Q: I´m in a Puzzle for years now, I compose Music. I´ve studied a Bmus in Composition and I know how ...
  A: If you've got a degree in composition you know more about it than I do, so I don't know how useful ...
Music Theory/Composition4/27/2004
  Q: I am a young composer, or rather I am a young student who aspires to become a composer. I study ...
  A: Anyone studying music seriously needs to acquire a thorough understanding of its theory, and a ...
counterpoint4/27/2004
  Q: Im a bit stuck on how to write counterpoint. What do the numbers underneath the notes mean? and what ...
  A: In order to write good counterpoint you need to think vertically as well as horizontally ie you need ...
Music Theory3/28/2004
  Q: I have been playing classical and eletrical guitar for about 3 years now and i have just memorized ...
  A: First, a question for you. Why do we bother to learn scales (and arpeggios) at all? What's the ...
singing3/23/2004
  Q: where did the art of singing originate from?
  A: ), I hope you mean in the context of Western art music, because I don't know anything about ...
Aural training3/18/2004
  Q: Having been a long-hair musician all my life, I am now interested in popular music (jazz ...
  A: You haven't got back to me so I'm going to assume you're a pianist. It doesn't make a great deal of ...
Contrast between jazz and classical composition3/16/2004
  Q: Could you give a basic technical overview of the differences between jazz and classical rhythm, ...
  A: Jazz came about at the end of the 19th century and is a fusion of two disparate musical cultures ...
studying music theory3/14/2004
  Q: I have had a life-long interest in music and started writing music from when I was 12 (I am 43 now). ...
  A: The first thing is to find out how much theory you know or remember, so get onto the Associated ...
Notation3/9/2004
  Q: When I write for piano, and use an 8va above the staff, does that apply to the left hand as well as ...
  A: It's a useful tip to remember that some poor sap is going to have to sightread every page of music ...
music (piano) composition using theory3/1/2004
  Q: I've been playing the piano for about 11 years, and am now doing a senior project on music ...
  A: and thanks for being patient. I must say I find your question a strange one. Every piece of music ...
Chord Progressions/Comping2/24/2004
  Q: I'm a guitar playing with about 15 years of experience and I'm now studying classical and working on ...
  A: There are no "tips or tricks" to acquiring a sound knowledge of music theory - you've just got to ...
composers2/22/2004
  Q: I have copied and pasted a note from my instructor. She has offered bonus points for anyone who can ...
  A: Okay, so if we disregard all the superfluous information, we're looking for a composer who writes ...
Order of accidentals2/21/2004
  Q: Glad to see you're back on the board again! Just a quick question this time. I'm working on the ...
  A: Yes, it's good to be back at last. I do see what you mean, and no, there's no set order for ...
Need advice on how to see the big picture of Vernacular progressions2/12/2004
  Q: Progression and vernacular composition. Hi, I have been reading everything I can get my hands on ...
  A: "Progressions" is the fancy term for chord sequences, and they're usually there to accompany the ...
Brian Wilson2/12/2004
  Q: I am having some trouble with some things about BareNaked Ladies song Brian Wilson. I have the ...
  A: You're in luck - I've found a downloadable MIDI and have been listening to it for the past hour. ...
Brian Wilson2/12/2004
  Q: I am having some trouble with some things about BareNaked Ladies song Brian Wilson. I have the ...
  A: I've found the lyrics online, which don't help us much, so I'm now trying to find either a ...
History of alternative music2/11/2004
  Q: I am having some trouble finding some brief history of alternative music. If u can, can you send me ...
  A: This is completely outside my sphere of expertise or interest - however, I ran a Net search for ...
Brian Wilson2/11/2004
  Q: I am having some trouble with some things about BareNaked Ladies song Brian Wilson. I have the ...
  A: Okay, now I really *am* confused. Am I looking for a song called "Bare Naked Ladies" by Brian ...
I've since spotted that you were away when I asked my question.12/23/2003
  Q: sorry for asking a question (21/12/03) when you were away - it said you were available, but later I ...
  A: Jon, hello and PLEASE HELP ME. You've just rated my response to your last question, which means ...
Harmony12/21/2003
  Q: -) I'm now starting to work on Anna Butterworth's ABRSM Harmony in Practice book, - I don't know if ...
  A: First of all, I'm sorry about the long delay in answering. Something peculiar has happened to my ...

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